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长沙引水及水质环境工程崔家冲隧洞要穿越区域性高棱山压扭性断层F86,断层宽度达100余米,长度达1000余米,洞顶以上地表覆盖层达110 m,其规模为同类工程所罕见。由于断层破碎带岩体强度低,透水性好,穿越断层破碎带洞段的施工成为工程建设中的重点和难点。所以隧洞在施工过程中需采用多种方法穿越众多的不良地质段。主要介绍和探讨了该隧洞穿越F86断层破碎带所采用的超前预注浆技术、超前支护技术及长管棚施工技术,为今后在类似工程中提供施工借鉴。 相似文献
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劈裂注浆抬升既有管道效果分析及工程应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地铁车站施工中常穿越大量的市政管道,由于隧道开挖引起地层损失和地表沉降,地下管道将会发生变形,往往影响地铁施工,注浆是对地下管道进行沉降控制的主要技术措施。以北京地铁黄庄站下穿热力管道抬升注浆工程为研究对象,利用三维有限差分数值方法分析了新建车站开挖引起超大管道的变形特征。结果表明,在抬升区注浆单元施加膨胀压力可以较好模拟注浆抬升既有管道的效果;采用应变软化模型,可以有效模拟土体材料的弹塑性力学行为,反映注浆完成后浆脉的固结和周围土体的湿陷作用。对比注浆抬升模拟计算和沉降监测结果,验证了有限差分数值方法模拟劈裂注浆抬升管道过程的正确性和有效性。同时模拟分析注浆抬升管道的影响因素,获得了一些规律性的认识,为劈裂注浆抬升地下管道工程的施工和设计提供指导。 相似文献
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地面大直径钻孔可作为井下被困人员的逃生通道,是矿山事故造成人员被困井下时重要的应急救援方案之一。而常规大直径工程孔以泥浆正循环、多级扩孔工艺为主成孔,无法满足救援要求。着眼于大直径孔救援逃生目的,阐明包括精准透巷、优化孔身结构、高效成孔和安全透巷等四项成孔工艺设计原则;以此为指导,针对覆盖层钻进、二开基岩层钻进、下套管及固井具体施工情况,分析了全套管钻进、导向孔下导管钻进及集束式潜孔锤扩孔钻进、浮力法下套管及内插法固井等技术;借用巷道围岩松动圈及塑性区成熟理论,视透巷钻进所破坏的塑性区岩体为潜在垮落体,进行顶板稳定校核,提出了安全透巷距离及位置等关键参数设计选取方法,为地面大直径应急救援钻孔施工提供技术支持。 相似文献
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城市隧道暗挖施工期间拱顶以及地表的沉降量对施工安全、工程功能及城市道路正常运行具有重要意义。浅埋暗挖法施工中各类马头门的施工因其受力转换特殊往往是施工过程中关注的重点。北京地铁7号线某区间暗挖隧道马头门处于竖井明挖施工的回填土中,其土质情况复杂、暗挖不确定性因素多。为保证隧道施工和周围构筑物的安全,须对处于回填土范围内竖井马头门的破除与开挖方案进行研究。本文根据地表勘察钻探和超前探测所获取的地层资料和工程设计资料,应用FLAC3D软件对马头门破除时的两个支护方案进行了对比分析。施工实践与理论分析均表明,采用无收缩（WSS）深孔注浆方案的地表沉降量约是超前小导管支护方案沉降量的1/2～1/3。 相似文献
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因长期遭受地质作用和构造力的改造作用,地下岩体中存在大量的软弱破碎带,隧道开挖穿越这一地带很容易出现较大的变形,甚至出现塌方等事故。论文采用TGP超前地质预报与掌子面围岩调查相结合的方法进行隧道掌子面及前方未开挖岩体的精细化地质调查,获取了隧道围岩的Hoek-Brown参数。采用FLAC3D数值模拟方法,分析了破碎带围岩在既定支护条件下的稳定性,并与现场监测数据进行对比,验证此方法的正确性。研究结果表明,数值模拟结果与实际监测结果较为吻合,可以将此方法用于指导未开挖段隧道的稳定性预测,以确保隧道掘进过程的施工安全。 相似文献
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2006年4月19日,山东珑山实业有限公司1113机采工作面发生井下突水事故,突水量300m^3／h。通过水质化验、奥灰孔水位观测等资料分析,得出了突水水源为奥陶系岩溶水,突水的原因是断层、矿山压力及高水压三大因素综合作用波及到了底板奥陶纪石灰岩含水层的结论。在注浆治理中,本着截流封源的思路,在井下先后施工了两个注水钻孔。在注1号钻孔失败后,及时调整了方案,自1111机道7号点,沿方位260°3′44″掘专门堵水平巷130m,重新布置了注2号钻孔,修改了终孔落脚点,结果注2号孔准确命中目标。通过单液水泥注浆技术注入70．3t水泥,浆液的水灰比为：2：1～1．5：1,工作面水量最后稳定在20．16m^3／h,从而顺利完成了注浆堵水任务,为今后井下打钻注浆堵水提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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Stability of expansive cement grout borehole seals emplaced in the vicinity of underground radioactive waste repositories 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An expansive cementitious borehole plug emplaced in an underground opening in the vicinity of an underground nuclear waste repository may generate radial stresses on the walls of the opening due to an axial stress applied to the borehole plug and due to plug swelling. As these radial stresses may lead to the tensile fracturing of the rock, minimizing or preferably eliminating tensile stresses in rock is particularly important to preserve waste containment. Presented in this paper are the theoretical radial (normal) stress distribution and tensile strength in a borehole plug–rock system due to combined axial, thermal and lateral loading, along with analyses of plug–rock mechanical interactions in regards to borehole stability against tensile fracturing. 相似文献
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Summary The Imaichi underground power station, with a cross sectional area of 1420 m2, which is now under construction by Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc., is one of the largest underground caverns in the world. Due to the considerable depth of the over-burden of 400 m, the horseshoe-shaped section was adopted for the first time in Japan to minimize excesive stress concentration on the surrounding bedrock and keep loosened zones to a minimum.The bedrock consists of sandstone, slate, siliceous sandstone and breccia. The rock is generally hard and compact, with few fractured zones which may have an adverse influence on the excavation of the cavern.The supporting system of the cavern consists of prestressed rock anchors, rock bolts and shotcrete.Approximately 800 instruments, mainly multiple stage extensometers, were used to monitor behaviour of the surrounding rock during excavation of the cavern. With the exception of some cracks which occurred in a portion of the shotcrete when about half the height of the cavern had been excavated, excavation work was completed without any major trouble. In spite of the symmetrical shape of the cavern, the deformation behaviour of the surrounding rock during excavation was remarkedly asymmetric. The reason for this was concluded to be the peculiar deformation behaviour exhibited by Breccia during stress relief, as shown by in-situ rock tests, etc., and analysis of deformation data after completion of the excavation work. 相似文献
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Tatsuo Matsuda Kentaro Omura Ryuji Ikeda Takashi Arai Kenta Kobayashi Koji Shimada Hidemi Tanaka Tomoaki Tomita Satoshi Hirano 《Tectonophysics》2004,378(3-4):143
An 1800-m-deep borehole into the Nojima fault zone was drilled at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan, after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake. Three possible fracture zones were detected at depths of about 1140, 1300, and 1800 m. To assess these fracture zones in this recently active fault, we analyzed the distributions of fault rocks, minerals, and chemical elements in these zones. The central fault plane in the shallowest fracture zone was identified by foliated blue-gray gouge at a depth of 1140 m. The degree of fracturing was evidently greater in the hanging wall than in the footwall. Minerals detected in this zone were quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, and biotite, as in the parent rock (granodiorite), and also kaolinite, smectite, laumontite, stilbite, calcite, ankerite, and siderite, which are related to hydrothermal alteration. Biotite was absent in both the hanging wall and footwall across the central fault plane, but it was absent over a greater distance from the central fault plane in the hanging wall than in the footwall. Major element compositions across this zone suggested that hydrothermal alteration minerals such as kaolinite and smectite occurred across the central fault plane for a greater distance in the hanging wall than in the footwall. Similarly, H2O+ and CO2 had higher concentrations in the hanging wall than in the footwall. This asymmetrical distribution pattern is probably due to the greater degree of wall–rock fracturing and associated alteration in the hanging wall. We attributed the characteristics of this zone to fault activity and fluid–rock interactions. We analyzed the other fracture zones along this fault in the same way. In the fracture zone at about 1300 m depth, we detected the same kinds of hydrothermal alteration minerals as in the shallower zone, but they were in fewer samples. We detected relatively little H2O+ and CO2, and little evidence for movement of the major chemical elements, indicating little past fluid–rock interaction. In the fracture zone at about 1800 m depth, H2O+ and CO2 were very enriched throughout the interval, as in the fracture zone at about 1140 m depth. However, smectite was absent and chlorite was present, indicating the occurrence of chloritization, which requires a temperature of more than 200 °C. Only smectite can form under the present conditions in these fracture zones. The chloritization probably occurred in the past when the fracture zone was deeper than it is now. These observations suggest that among the three fracture zones, that at about 1140 m depth was the most activated at the time of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake. 相似文献
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桑树坪煤矿采取地面注骨料和井下注浆技术治理奥灰(奥陶纪灰岩)岩溶陷落柱时,施工的3个常规检查钻孔出现严重的水砂突涌现象,封孔难度极大,采取向孔内下入木楔、反丝止浆塞等方法均封孔失败。针对此难题,提出带压顶替注浆封孔技术,首先,向孔内注入大于套管体积的清水以确保孔内通畅,避免砂粒填充至套管内,导致封孔深度未达到套管以下稳定岩层;之后,采取低泵量向孔内多次循环注入大于套管体积的稀水泥浆;最后,待水泥浆凝固后,采取小直径钻头钻进至套管外以检查大孔径钻孔的封孔质量。该技术成功应用于3个常规检查钻孔封堵工程,实践发现:先期注浆封孔水泥浆液水灰比宜选取1︰1,单次候凝时间宜选取3~4 d,延长水泥浆候凝时间,可提高钻孔封孔质量。此技术适用于井下狭小空间作业,可防止孔口涌水涌砂,避免孔内水砂高速流动,确保封孔质量及人员安全,为封堵类似水砂突涌钻孔提供技术借鉴。 相似文献
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锦屏一级水电站地下厂房尾水调压室顶拱发育有f14、f18断层及煌斑岩脉,开挖后出露断层及其影响带岩体破碎,风化强烈,围岩不稳定,为了洞室稳定及施工安全,设计采用预应力锚索进行加强支护。介绍了尾水调压室大角度上仰孔锚索的施工方法。 相似文献
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上下交叉隧道爆破振动控制技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钻爆法是隧道开挖中一种主要的施工方法,爆破开挖不可避免会对围岩产生扰动。以新建走马岗隧道上穿东深供水走马岗引水隧洞工程为背景,开展上下交叉隧道爆破振动控制技术研究。选取与交叉段岩性一致的爆破施工开挖区域进行爆破振动监测,得到了现场爆破施工方案条件下走马岗隧道爆破振动规律。对实测数据进行回归分析,计算得出走马岗地区爆破质点峰值振动速度（PPV）的Sadovsk公式,反演得到控制爆破振动的最大掏槽药量及安全距离,制定出交叉段施工的安全控制范围以及相应的爆破方案。通过数值模拟进行了验证并付于交叉段现场施工。现场监测数据表明,提出的振速控制标准及爆破方案符合安全要求,保证了在建隧道的顺利开挖以及既有隧道的安全运行。研究成果可为类似工程爆破开挖及振动控制提供参考。 相似文献
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灌浆工程为地下隐蔽工程,其地质条件约束着实际的现场施工工艺,且不同地质条件对应不同的岩石属性,并将直接影响着防渗帷幕的优化设计,同时地质条件分析不足也将给整个灌浆工程带来很多不确定的风险。目前,地质条件预测在隧洞开挖过程中的研究较充分,但在灌浆工程中地质因素的研究较少。本文以乌东德水电站大坝防渗帷幕工程为例,分析了对防渗帷幕成幕有影响的岩溶、角砾岩、断层、岩层走向与帷幕走向大角度相交及长大结构面等地质因素,并针对不同地质因素的特点,提出了采取浓浆回填、灌浆孔加密加深、灌浆压力及浆材动态调整等处理措施,为帷幕灌浆工程优化提供了必要支持。 相似文献
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Characteristics of Water Ingress in Norwegian Subsea Tunnels 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bjørn Nilsen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):933-945
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对于地下洞室围岩稳定而言,存在两种尺度效应：一是本构尺度效应,二是结构尺度效应。在地下洞室模型的有限元分析中考察了两种尺度效应的作用。拟定了两种工况：①围岩中任一点的力学性质是该点到洞室中心距离的负幂函数,洞室由小到大,即同时考虑本构尺度效应和结构尺度效应;②围岩的力学性质一定,洞室由小到大,即只考虑结构尺度效应。对两种工况进行了平面应变弹塑性计算,分析了围岩中的应力、位移、及塑性区。从研究结果可知：当考虑岩体力学性质的尺度效应时,洞室围岩中的位移及塑性区均较小;而应力值较高,而不考虑岩体力学性质的尺度效应时的情况与之相反。 相似文献
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山西潞安集团黑龙煤矿副斜井在经过迎头预注浆后,在预注浆段内掘进时再次发生涌水现象,导致井筒被淹。分析其主要原因为初次注浆形成的软粘土与浆液共同的裂隙充填体稳定性差。对于涌水裂隙采取分流泄压再堵水的总体治理方案,即变不可控涌水为可控水后再注浆处理。涌水点注浆堵水严格控制注浆压力,采用水泥-水玻璃双液浆。通过布设检查孔对注浆效果进行检查分析注浆质量较好,为类似有软粘土充填裂隙岩体的注浆治理提供借鉴。 相似文献