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1.
中性大气折射的映射函数   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17  
严豪健  陈义 《测绘学报》1996,25(1):67-72
在球对称大气模型下,我们导出了与余误差函数形式相联系的中性大气折射改正的母函数,并进一步讨论了它的几种数学展开形式。由此方法建立的映射函数可以对各类大气模型直接进行参数拟合。  相似文献   

2.
从常用纬度与归化纬度的定义出发,借助于计算机代数分析,对常用纬度与归化纬度差值进行了系统的分析,推导出了常用纬度与归化纬度的差异极值分析表达式,并将式中系数展开为椭球第一偏心率e和第三扁率n的幂级数形式.研究结果表明,常用纬度与归化纬度差值极值点均位于45°附近,基于n展开的分析表达式比基于e展开的分析表达式形式上更加...  相似文献   

3.
伍贻威 《测绘学报》2020,49(4):415-422
自由原子时(EAL)是国际原子时(TAI)的基础,由分布在世界各地的实验室的数百台原子钟加权平均得到。本文研究讨论了EAL加权平均算法(ALGOS)中原始权重算法的权重问题。推导了原子钟频差方差的数学期望,在近似条件下给出了频差方差的数学分布的解析表达式,从理论上解释了ALGOS原始算法部分试验现象。通过仿真试验验证了理论分析的基本结论。  相似文献   

4.
The principle and method for solving three types of satellite gravity gradient boundary value problems by least-squares are discussed in detail. Also, kernel function expressions of the least-squares solution of three geodetic boundary value problems with the observations {Гzz}, {Гxz, Гyz} and {Гxx ? Гyy, 2Гxy} are presented. From the results of recovering gravity field using simulated gravity gradient tensor data, we can draw a conclusion that satellite gravity gradient integral formulas derived from least-squares are valid and rigorous for recovering the gravity field.  相似文献   

5.
《测量评论》2013,45(58):142-152
Abstract

In January 1940, in a paper entitled “The Transverse Mercator Projection: A Critical Examination” (E.S.R., v, 35, 285), the late Captain G. T. McCaw obtained expressions for the co-ordinates of a point on the Transverse Mercator projection of the spheroid which appeared to cast suspicion on the results originally derived by Gauss. McCaw considered, in fact, that his expressions gave the true measures of the co-ordinates, and that the Gauss method contained some invalidity. He requested readers to report any flaw that might be discovered in his work, but apparently no such flaw had been detected at the time of his death. It can be shown, however, that the invalidities are in McCaw's methods, and there seems no reason for doubting the results derived by the Gauss method.  相似文献   

6.
极区不分带高斯投影的正反解表达式   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对传统高斯投影公式在极区难以应用的问题,通过引入等角余纬度及等量纬度的表达式,推导出严密的复数等角余纬度公式,进而得到严密的极区高斯投影正解表达式;借助符号迭代法及指数函数与三角函数间的关系式,推导出对应的极区高斯投影反解表达式;基于极区高斯投影正解表达式,推导出可用于极区的长度比、子午线收敛角公式;最后,以CGCS2000椭球为例,与实数型幂级数高斯投影公式计算的结果进行对比,验证了本文推导公式的正确性。由于本文推导公式不受带宽限制,且可用于整个极区的表示,对于编制极区地图及极区导航具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
等距离纬度等量纬度和等面积纬度展开式   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
边少锋  纪兵 《测绘学报》2007,36(2):218-223
对数学制图学中经常遇到的等距离纬度、等量纬度和等面积纬度展开式进行新的研究。借助计算机代数系统强大的数学分析功能,给出这些纬度用偏心率幂级数形式表示的正解公式,并且以此为基础,给出纬度用偏心率幂级数形式表示的反解展开式,与以往数值形式表示的反解公式不同,这些反解展开式是以符号形式给出,研究表明计算机代数系统的应用不但极大地提高公式推演的效率和准确度,而且反解系数可以表示为更简单和更便于记忆的符号形式。  相似文献   

8.
First and second moments of non-linear least-squares estimators   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
The first two moments of non-linear and least-squares estimators are studied. Approximate expressions for the moments are derived and discussed. The results are compared with those ofJeudy [1988].  相似文献   

9.
程芦颖 《测绘学报》2013,42(2):203-210
基于物理大地测量边值问题的解,利用一阶边界算子定义,推导重力异常Δg、单层密度μ、大地水准面高N,垂线偏差ε、扰动重力δg等扰动场元的解。利用球谐函数的正交特性,通过对核函数的算子运算,可以得到上述扰动场元的有关逆变换公式。相对经典物理大地测量公式应用的边界面条件,笔者将含有因子r的对应扰动场元反演关系的公式称为广义积分公式。针对常用的重力异常Δg、大地水准面高N,垂线偏差ε、扰动重力δg计算,重点分析它们之间的变换关系,给出利用某个选定扰动场元计算其他扰动场元的广义积分公式。同时,通过对积分边界面的讨论,分析经典公式与广义积分公式的差异和联系。最后,给出所有外部扰动场元与核函数映射的关系表。  相似文献   

10.
局部重力场最小二乘配置通用表示技术   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
在分析局部重力场最小二乘配置法技术特点的基础上,推导出一种能综合多种类型、不同高度重力场元经验协方差函数的通用表达方法,以期实现局部重力场元的内插、外推、延拓或其他不同高度的重力场元估计一体化。分析了最小二乘配置技术的一些性能以及算法实现中应注意的问题。  相似文献   

11.
用较为简便的方法推导了一元及n元p-范分布的密度函数,研究了它的几个性质。  相似文献   

12.
减小伪卫星多路径效应误差的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
伪卫星定位技术可以补偿GPS系统本身一些先天不足,然而GPS和伪卫星组合进行定位又带来了新的误差源,伪卫星多路径效应就是误差源之一。针对多路径的产生原理及特点,在经典最小二乘理论的基础上,推求稳健最小二乘估计的权函数,并结合实际观测数据验证了稳健最小二乘法消除多路径误差的有效性。  相似文献   

13.
空间测边交会的优化解法及精度分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
李全信 《测绘工程》1999,8(3):40-46
给出了形式简单,规律,无需初值,迭代和过渡点的优化解法公式,适合于手工计算和计算机编辑,推出了空间测边交会点位精度的通用精度估算公式,并据此找到了各精度指标与各边倾角的内在关系。对应用条件提出了具体建议。  相似文献   

14.
Persistent pseudorange biases constitute a serious potential integrity problem for differential GPS systems used in aircraft precision approach and landing. Various approaches to solve this problem are documented in the literature, including composite protection levels (PLs) that incorporate an explicit bias term in their mathematical expressions. A statistical characterization for such a PL was previously presented in this journal. Modeling GPS error in the position domain as multivariate normal with nonzero mean resulted in the definition of vertical, horizontal, and radial composite PLs, termed VPLc, HPLc, and RPLc, respectively. In the present effort, approximations to these computationally intensive PLs are presented for possible use in real time. Two of these are shown to be over-bounding approximations to exact quantities VPLc and HPLc. An approximation to RPLc is also presented, as well as a method of quantitative evaluation for each of these composite PLs. Monte-Carlo simulations for a single GPS measurement epoch are then developed to illustrate the exact PLs and their approximations and demonstrate that the approximations to VPLc and HPLc over-bound the exact PLs. The approximation to RPLc is shown to be far simpler computationally than the exact PL, but demonstrating that the approximation is an over-bound is left to future research. This paper makes available to the reader both the methods and the Matlab? simulation code needed to evaluate computationally efficient PL approximations. Thus, it fosters further research into the use of GPS in safety critical applications.  相似文献   

15.
魏子卿 《测绘学报》2012,41(4):475-482
研究大地测量中永久潮汐的处理问题。首先推导永久潮汐位的数值表示式,接着给出6类常遇到的大地观测量的3种潮汐值形式及其转换关系,最后讨论3种潮汐系统的性质及其在大地测量中的使用问题。  相似文献   

16.
周锋  徐天河 《测绘学报》2021,50(1):61-70
在精细考虑伪距和载波相位硬件偏差时变特性的基础上,导出了更为严谨的非差非组合观测方程,并给出了非组合模式下两类GNSS偏差的数学表达形式.基于此,本文详细研究了3种常用的三频精密单点定位(PPP),即无电离层两两组合IF1213、单个无电离层组合IF123与非组合UC123函数模型的独立参数化方法,系统分析了3种PPP...  相似文献   

17.
Effects of scale in spatial interaction models   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We study the effects of aggregation on four different cases of nonlinear spatial gravity models. We present some theoretical results on the relationship between the mean flows at an aggregated level and the mean flow at the disaggregated level. We then focus on the case of perfect aggregation (scale problem) showing some results based on the theoretical expressions previously derived and on some artificial data. The main aim is to test the effects on the aggregated flows of the spatial dependence observed in the origin and in the destination variables. We show that positive spatial dependence in the origin and destination variables moderate the increase of the mean flows connatural with aggregation while negative spatial dependence exacerbates it.  相似文献   

18.
The bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, which are converted into equivalent monostatic data by proper preprocessing, can be processed by standard monostatic focusing algorithms. The dip moveout (DMO) approach, which is derived from seismic data processing, converts the bistatic data into equivalent monostatic data by a short time-domain Rocca's smile operator. A 2-D exact point-target (PT) reference spectrum is derived in this letter for tandem bistatic configuration. The geometry-based bistatic formulation is shown to be actually equivalent to Rocca's smile operator, although they are derived from the pure SAR and geophysics points of view, respectively. Moreover, the new PT spectrum can be extended to deal with azimuth-invariant bistatic SAR data. Interpretations on the equivalent monostatic range wavenumber are presented in this letter, which help understand the conversion from the radar signal processing viewpoint.   相似文献   

19.
借助复变函数理论讨论了常用等角投影及其解析变换的复变函数表示;给出了高斯投影、墨卡托投影和等角圆锥投影正反解的复变函数表示模型;在此基础上系统地推导出了高斯投影、墨卡托投影和等角圆锥投影间解析变换的复变函数表达式.这些复数变换公式是含参考椭球第一偏心率的符号形式,可解决不同参考椭球下的变换问题.与传统的实数变换公式相比,其结构更为简单、理论更为严密.  相似文献   

20.
借助具有强大符号运算功能的计算机代数系统Mathematica,推导了地图投影学中等距离纬度、等角纬度、等面积纬度与地心纬度之间的正反解直接展开式,并将式中的系数统一表示成关于椭圆偏心率e和椭球第三扁率n的幂级数形式。与以往反解方法不同的是,采用符号迭代法进行以地心纬度为变量的等距离纬度、等角纬度、等面积纬度的反解,并使用最大差异值作为衡量精度的标准。算例分析表明,以地心纬度为变量的常用纬度展开式在结构和形式上与以大地纬度为变量的辅助纬度保持一致,基于第三扁率n的幂级数表达式具有更紧凑的形式和更好的收敛性,其直接展开式的精度分别优于(1×10-8)″和(1×10-10)″,可以满足大地测量和地图投影精密计算的需要。  相似文献   

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