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1.
探讨稀有金属的高温钠质交代岩形成时特定的构造条件积物理-化学特征。深成型的构造要素——变余压碎岩和变余糜棱岩——控制着具有同生的细粒浸染矿化的交代岩体的构造。岩石变形的程度,决定着高温的(650～600℃以上)携带钠的热液流的渗透作用的速度,控制着钠的浓度梯度的形成和交代分带性的扩散-渗透型的形成。 相似文献
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任何一门学科发展的方向,都是要求它的资料数字化和定量化,只有这样才能保证结论是一元的,它的结果是可以再现的,也就是说,这个结果经得起时间的考验和后人的验证。沉积地层的形成年龄是地质学家关注的重要实验数据之一,令人遗憾的是在目前发表出来的年龄数据中,很少能够经得起复验和不同方法、不同实验室之间的比对。出现这种状况的重要原因之一就是对样品的采集没有一定的规范,大多数样品的采集点只有一个笼统的地名,或者是某个地层剖面的总称。既没有明确的经度、纬度和海拔高度,也没有为采样而设置的标志。一人、一家所获得的… 相似文献
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建设可持续发展的城市是我国未来城市建设的唯一选择,一个可持续发展的城市除应具有可持续发展的经济结构与合理的城市人口规模外,还必须具有一种有效的土地利用方式和现代化的城市基础设施,其中可持续发展的经济结构体系是城市可持续发展的保障,合理的人口规模应与城市的自然环境、经济发展水平相适应,有效的土地利用方式为城市的可持续发展提供必需的物质载体,而现代化的城市基础设施则是城市可持 相似文献
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随着人们生活的快速进步,对各种事物的要求也越来越高,都会注意事务管理的质量,档案管理的水平也是人们关注的焦点,因为档案关系着人们的整体信息,是绝对不能外泄的。对于医院来说,档案是患者的隐私,是不能让除亲人以外的其他人知道的,因此,必须要对医院的档案进行严格有效的管理。为了加强医院档案的管理,医院采用了先进的计算机技术,辅助管理人员的工作,这样可以提高管理工作的效率,但是,在医院计算机档案管理的工作中,还是存在着一些问题,我们要将它们解决好,这样才能使管理的工作发展的更加优越。 相似文献
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充满流体的多孔地质介质的基本状态,与干燥多孔介质的基本状态是明显不同的。干燥介质的大部分变形是非弹性的且与时间无关。可是,孔隙流体的存在以下面两种方式影响介质的特性。当加荷速率低时,由孔隙流体流动引起的排水导致一个固有时间的依赖性。在地面沉降或固结时看到了这个现象。当加荷速率高时(如地震),在介质的特性中,流体流动即排出的水是微不足道的,但孔隙压力的增大成为重要的。目前的分析是在无排水扰动的情况下推导的。 相似文献
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简要评述了构造地貌的研究.并以青藏高原西北缘克里雅河流域地貌演化说明了构造变形与青藏高原的形成历。以西域砾岩顶部的玄武岩作为区域构造地貌的标志,获得的高质量Ar-Ar年龄的加权平均值为1.09Ma±0.13Ma。该年龄不仅代表了西域砾岩沉积结束的时间,并制约了区域风沙堆积时代的下限,是一个重要的气候环境变化的转折点。更重要的是,该年龄标志了克里雅河演化的开始,即目前可观察的克里雅河的历史不过1.1Ma。另外获得的系统、丰富、翔实的沉积学、构造地质学、低温热年代数据和克里雅河流域地貌的测量结果还揭示了上新世晚期以来区域强烈的变形与构造地貌的演化。获得的重要结论还包括：能够分析恢复的前克里雅河的历史不超过西域砾岩沉积期,能够推测的青藏高原西北缘河流体系演化的最老历史不超过上新世阿图什组沉积期。在中新世乌恰组沉积时,基本观察不到青藏高原现今地貌体系产生的沉积作用的记录,而是更老的前青藏高原构造地貌格榘对沉积体系产生的影响。青藏高原的主体可能在中更新世早期前后才抬升进入冰冻圈。现今的克里雅河地貌主要是在区域构造抬升中由冰川融水侵蚀形成的。克里雅河源头可能残留了青藏高原演化的关键记录。 相似文献
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进行这项工作的目的是利用微生物的生物测定法MetPLATEM^TM，评价径流、被金属污染的土壤、Marrakech区两个采矿点的地下水中的金属毒性。这种生物测定方法主要是根据金属污染引起的Esther ichia大肠菌突变株的β半乳糖苷酶的特异性抑制。两个矿区所有采样站的河水样全部都是毒性的．而且呈现出的酶抑制超过87％．矿区C中SWA4和SWB1站除外。这些河水的Cu和Zn的浓度高。说明MetPLATE表现出了剧毒性。B和C矿河水的pH值在2．1和6．2之间变化，可能是金属的活化作用造成的，这就提出了这些矿区酸性矿山排水的问题。生物测定的MetPLATE方法还应用于酸性水污染的尾矿和土壤的测定。结果表明．由于可溶性Zn和Cu的浓度较高导致这些土壤和尾矿的毒性高。地下水毒性测试使用的MetPLATE方法说明。除了B矿GW3外、（潮湿季节抑制作用95.3％，干燥季节抑制作用82．9％），其余的呈现出的金属的毒性都低，抑制作用为2．7—45．5％。这种毒性高的原因主要是铜（189μg Cul^-1）和锌（505μgZnl^-1）的浓度高于常见的浓度。这些结果说明这两个含金属矿附近的不同生态系统的潜在风险。观察的总的趋势是MetPLATE测定的金属毒性随着研究的母岩中总金属浓度和移动的金属浓度的增加而增加。因此。MeIPLATE生物测定是评估水样和土样金属毒性的可靠而且快速的生物测定方法。 相似文献
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花岗岩中锆石的韵律环带结构研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
花岗岩中锆石的电子荧光观察和微量元素分析表明,锆石中的韵律环带结构主要是以较宽的浅灰色条带与较窄的灰黑色条带交替重复出现而形成的。相应于条带灰度的变化,呈负相关性的锆与呈正相关性的铀的含量亦在起伏变化。由于锆石中铀与锆的类置同象置换是非常有限的,锆石中铀含量的变化主要取决于铀的分配系数的变化。因此,当含铀锆石的结晶过程处于非理想体系时,它以固溶体相变的形式来协调固液界面的局部体系与整个花岗质熔体的热力学平衡,从而形成含铀锆石的两种固溶体相交替生长的韵律环带结构。 相似文献
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A Barremian microflora is recorded in the terrigenous facies (Weald) of the Lower Cretaceous in the northern region of the Province of Valencia (Spain), these beds have been poorly dated up to now due to the absence of fossils. The Villar del Arzobispo microflora correspond unquestionably to the Barremian-Aptien period, but the numerical importance of derived forms from the Jurassic, the remarkable variety of forms of Cicatricosisporites, and the rareness of pollen of Angiosperms, indicate a Barremian age to be more likely.This discovery permits us to establish the stratigraphical relationship of this terrigenousfacies of Villar del Arzobispo with the dated “Weald” of other areas of the Iberian Chain and to give a complete chrono-stratigraphical interpretation to the different litho-stratigraphical units that constitute the Lower Cretaceous of this region. 相似文献
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苏皖坡缕石粘土中蛋白石特征及其成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TEM和XRD研究表明，在苏皖坡缕石粘土矿床的蛋白石坡缕石层中存在0pal-A和0pal-CT两种结构的蛋白石。蛋白石坡缕石层主要含坡缕石、opal-A、opal-CT，以及少量白云石和其它矿物，由富opal-A层和富opal-CT层互层组成，交互层的厚度在几个厘米左右。蛋白石坡缕石层中的矿物基本是自生矿物，从蒸发湖水中化学沉淀形成。矿物组成特征研究表明，蛋白石坡缕石层的矿物组分(Si、Mg、Al)来源于盆地周围玄武岩淋滤的浅层地下水。根据Opal-A和Opal-CT溶解度图解和城缕石、白云石形成物理化学条件图解，当湖水具有高浓度溶解SiO2和Mg^2 时，有利于opal-A和坡缕石形成，当湖水具有低浓度溶解SiO2时，有利于opal-CT结晶。因此，沉淀SiO2的结构状态取决于地下水补给的湖水溶解SiO2浓度。富opal-A和富opal-CT交互层的形成是古气候、古水文周期性变化的指示。富opal-CT层指示高地下水补给流入量，低蒸发量，湖水低盐度和溶解组分，代表湿润气候时期；而富opal-A层代表低地下水补给流入量，高蒸发量，高溶解组分浓度，代表干旱气候时期。 相似文献
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Claude Boutron Kevin Rosman Carlo Barbante Michael Bolshov Freddy Adams Sungmin Hong Christophe Ferrari 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(10):847-867
The investigation of the occurrence of lead in dated snow and ice from Greenland and Antarctica has played a major role in our understanding of the history of the pollution of the atmosphere of our planet by this metal. Such studies have however proved to be very demanding, mainly because of the extreme purity of polar snow and ice. Reliable measurements can be obtained only if ultra-clean and highly sensitive procedures are used, as pioneered by Clair Patterson. The Greenland data show evidence of large-scale pollution of the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere for lead as early as two millennia ago during Greco–Roman times, especially because of mining and smelting activities in southern Spain. It peaked at the end of the 1960s, with lead concentrations in snow about 200 times higher than natural values, before declining during recent times because of the fall in the use of leaded gasoline. Lead pollution in Antarctica was already significant at the end of the 19th century as a consequence of whaling activities, the traffic of coal-powered ships crossing the Cape Horn, and mining activities in South America, South Africa and Australia. After declining because of the opening of the Panama Canal, the great economic depression and World War II, it reached a maximum during the 1980s, with lead concentrations 20 times higher than natural values. Other studies focus on past natural variations of lead in ancient ice dated from the last climatic cycles. To cite this article: C. Boutron et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
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Summary Finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the magnitude of tensile strains imposed on landfill liners due to the
formation of subsurface cavities. The study incorporated the significance of using geogrids to reduce the magnitude of strains
and possibly the potential for collapse of landfill liners. Variations of key parameters included depth of overburden (D) and diameter of the cavity (B). Estimated stress distributions were compared to theoretical values obtained from a model reported in the literature.
Results indicated that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the critical area based on the mechanics of arching was above the
edge of the cavity where stress concentration occurred. Incorporation of geogrid reinforcement reduced the magnitude of tensile
strains. The tensile force in the geogrid was dependent upon the size of the cavity, the depth of the overburden, and the
applied pressure. 相似文献
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This paper concerns the evaporite units, depositional systems, cyclicity, diagenetic products and anhydritization patterns of the Calatayud Basin (nonmarine, Miocene, central Spain). In outcrop, the sulphate minerals of these shallow lacustrine evaporites consist of primary and secondary gypsum, the latter originating from the replacement of anhydrite and glauberite. In the evaporative systems of this basin, gypsiferous marshes of low salinity can be distinguished from central, saline lakes of higher salinity. In the gypsiferous marsh facies, the dominant, massive, bioturbated gypsum was partly replaced by synsedimentary chert nodules and siliceous crusts. In the saline lake facies, either cycles of gypsiferous lutite‐laminated gypsarenite or irregular alternations of laminated gypsum, nodular and banded glauberite, thenardite and nodular anhydrite precipitated. Early replacement of part of the glauberite by anhydrite also occurred. Episodes of subaerial exposure are represented by: (1) pedogenic carbonates (with nodular magnesite) and gypsiferous crusts composed of poikilitic crystals; and (2) nodular anhydrite, which formed in a sabkha. Additionally, meganodular anhydrite occurs, which presumably precipitated from ascending, highly saline solutions. The timing of anhydritization was mainly controlled by the salinity of the pore solutions, and occurred from the onset of deposition to moderate burial. Locally, a thick (>200 m) sequence of gypsum cycles developed, which was probably controlled by climatic variation. A trend of upward‐decreasing salinity is deduced from the base to the top of the evaporite succession. 相似文献
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Alan M. Jacobs 《Mathematical Geology》1971,3(3):227-238
Relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay from samples of the same till unit are not identical because of different lithologies in the source areas, sorting in transport, random variation, and experimental error. Random variation and experimental error can be isolated from the other two as follows. For each particle-size class of each till unit, a standard population is determined by using a normally distributed, representative group of data. New measurements are compared with the standard population and, if they compare satisfactorily, the experimental error is not significant and random variation is within the expected range for the population. The outcome of the comparison depends on numerical criteria derived from a graphical method rather than on a more commonly used one-way analysis of variance with two treatments. If the number of samples and the standard deviation of the standard population are substituted in at-test equation, a family of hyperbolas is generated, each of which corresponds to a specific number of subsamples taken from each new sample. The axes of the graphs of the hyperbolas are the standard deviation of new measurements (horizontal axis) and the difference between the means of the new measurements and the standard population (vertical axis). The area between the two branches of each hyperbola corresponds to a satisfactory comparison between the new measurements and the standard population. Measurements from a new sample can be tested by plotting their standard deviation vs. difference in means on axes containing a hyperbola corresponding to the specific number of subsamples used. If the point lies between the branches of the hyperbola, the measurements are considered reliable. But if the point lies outside this region, the measurements are repeated. Because the critical segment of the hyperbola is approximately a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis, the test is simplified to a comparison between the means of the standard population and the means of the subsample. The minimum number of subsamples required to prove significant variation between samples caused by different lithologies in the source areas and sorting in transport can be determined directly from the graphical method. The minimum number of subsamples required is the maximum number to be run for economy of effort. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionThe term“Environmental Geochemical Baseline(EGB)”first appeared in the International Geochemi-cal Mapping Program (IGCP259) and the InternationalGeochemical Baseline Program (IGCP360) of Interna-tional Geography Contrast Program. The defin… 相似文献
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Discontinuities such as fractures or cracks are common in geo-materials. Connectivity is a comprehensive parameter that includes the influence of length, orientation and density of the discontinuities. The main objectives of this paper are to define connectivity based on the statistical geometrical parameters of a network of random discontinuities and to quantify the hydraulic properties of the network using connectivity. An analytical method is first proposed to evaluate connectivity through the density of degree of freedom (DDOF). The analytically estimated DDOF is verified using numerical analysis. DDOF increases with the increases in the mean length, relative orientation and density of the random discontinuity network. Connectivity becomes better and the permeability becomes larger with increasing DDOF. The representative element volume (REV) of a random discontinuity network can be estimated based on connectivity. When a discontinuity network is poorly connected, a REV does not exist when the size of the discontinuity network is smaller than 10 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. When a discontinuity network is normally connected, a REV exists when the REV size is smaller than 10 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. When the discontinuity network is highly connected, the REV size is only 2–4 times of the mean length of the discontinuities. The results indicate that DDOF is a good indicator to quantify the connectivity of a random discontinuity network and the relationship between connectivity and permeability. 相似文献
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Jan Drzymala Janusz Kapusniak Piotr Tomasik 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):147-155
Potato starch and dextrins resulting from thermolysis of potato starch in the absence of reagents and presence of
-amino acids are promising depressants for separation of lead and copper minerals present in the Polish industrial copper concentrates. The polysaccharides were used for differential xanthate flotation of the final industrial concentrates produced by flotation with sulfhydryl collectors in the absence of depressants. The polysaccharides depressed galena and provided froth concentrate rich in chalcocite and other copper minerals as well as cell product containing lead minerals. The best results of separation were obtained in the presence of plain dextrin prepared by a thermal degradation of potato starch. The industrial concentrate containing 18.5% Cu and 5.5% Pb was divided into a froth product containing 38.1% Cu with 77% recovery of copper and a cell product assaying 7.3% Pb with 83% recovery of lead. It was accomplished using 2500 g/t of dextrin, 50g/t of potassium ethyl xanthate, and 50 g/t of frother (α-terpineol). The pH of flotation was 8.0–8.2. 相似文献