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1 Introduction The TP is a spectacular field laboratory for analyzing fundamental processes of geodynamics and environmental change as well as their interrelationships (Kutzbach et al., 1993). Being the largest and highest continental plateau with a mean … 相似文献
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被誉为世界屋脊和亚洲水塔的青藏高原是中国资源宝库和生态安全屏障。1949年以来,青藏高原科学考察研究作为国家战略任务受到高度重视。1949—2017年第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（简称“第二次青藏科考”）启动之前,中国科学家在青藏高原地区开展的科学考察研究历程大致可分为4个阶段：① 区域专题科学考察阶段（20世纪50—60年代）,该阶段取得了重要的第一手资料,为此后的大规模青藏高原综合科学考察研究奠定了基础;② 第一次青藏高原综合科学考察研究阶段（简称“第一次青藏科考”,1973—1992年）,该阶段首次开展了大规模多学科的综合考察研究,完成了面积约260万km2的青藏高原综合科学考察研究,积累了大量的科学资料,产生了巨大的科学和社会影响;③ 问题主导的科学考察研究阶段（20世纪90年代—21世纪初）,包括攀登计划、国家重点基础研究发展计划、高水平国际合作等为特征的科学问题主导的科学考察研究,实现了由静态到动态、由定性到定量、由单一学科到交叉学科的里程碑式转变;④ 建制化和团队攻坚的科学考察研究阶段（2003—2017年）,这一阶段以2003年中国科学院青藏高原研究所成立为标志,队伍规模化组建,野外台站体系化建成,实验室建设形成规模,国际合作不断深化,中国科学院战略性先导科技专项以及第三极环境国际计划等重大项目的实施,汇集了全国和全球开展青藏高原研究的杰出人才,推动青藏高原研究走进世界地学研究的第一方阵,为2017年启动第二次青藏科考打下了坚实基础。 相似文献
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朱立平 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(6):765-768
The 5th International Symposium on the Tibetan Plateau/The 24th Himalaya - Karakorum-Tibet Workshop Joint Conference was held on August 11-14 in Beijing, China. The Joint Conference was hosted by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), The Ministry of Land and Resources of China (MLR) and People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Organized by Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS (ITPCAS), Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (IGCAGS), The China Society on Tibetan Plateau (CSTP), Department of Science and Technology, TAR, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS (IGSNRR), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). 相似文献
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青藏高原及其周边地区以独特的自然地理环境和复杂的地质构造,及其对全球环境和气候变化不可忽视的影响,长期以来一直受到国际科学家的关注。本文以SCIE和ESI数据库为数据源,检索2009-2015年间上述数据库报道的青藏高原及其周边地区研究文献及其引用情况,通过文献计量方法,采用多种分析工具,从多个角度对青藏高原及其周边地区研究现状与进展情况进行分析,在此基础上总结近年来国际青藏高原领域的研究态势,主要结论为：整体上近年来国际青藏高原领域研究规模和学术影响力呈现良好发展态势;研究实力上,中国、印度、美国仍稳居国家论文产出前三位,但青藏高原周边国家如巴基斯坦、尼泊尔发展较快,在机构层面上中国机构的整体优势逐渐扩大。中国的青藏高原研究呈现出量、质齐升的发展态势;青藏高原的发文期刊仍以地学、环境类期刊为主,高被引论文主要发表在高质量的综合类期刊上。青藏高原的研究学科持续完备,研究内容地域特色明显,研究主题包括青藏高原的隆升机制、高原各个圈层对全球气候变化的影响、高寒生态系统的生物多样性及对全球变暖的响应等。今后,中国青藏高原研究应着力聚焦前沿科学问题,促进多学科交叉融合,提升协同化集成化自主科研创新能力,产出具有国际影响力的重大科学成果,为“一带一路”战略实施和区域生态环境管理提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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青藏高原蒸发皿蒸发量时空变化特征及其成因的定量分析(英文) 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Despite the observed increase in global temperature, observed pan evaporation in many regions has been decreasing over the past 50 years, which is known as the "pan evaporation paradox". The "pan evaporation paradox" also exists in the Tibetan Plateau, where pan evaporation has decreased by 3.06 mm a-2 (millimeter per annum). It is necessary to explain the mechanisms behind the observed decline in pan evaporation because the Tibetan Plateau strongly influences climatic and environmental changes in China, Asia and even in the Northern Hemisphere. In this paper, a derivation based approach has been used to quantitatively assess the contribution rate of climate factors to the observed pan evaporation trend across the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that, provided the other factors remain constant, the increasing temperature should have led to a 2.73 mm a-2 increase in pan evaporation annually, while change in wind speed, vapor pressure and solar radiation should have led to a decrease in pan evaporation by 2.81 mm a-2, 1.96 mm a-2 and 1.11 mm a-2 respectively from 1970 to 2005. The combined effects of the four climate variables have resulted in a 3.15 mm a-2 decrease in pan evaporation, which is close to the observed pan evaporation trend with a relative error of 2.94%. A decrease in wind speed was the dominant factor for the decreasing pan evaporation, followed by an increasing vapor pressure and decreasing solar radiation, all of which offset the effect of increasing temperature across the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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青藏高原古地理环境研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
本文综述了最近 5 0年青藏高原古地理演化中一些基本问题研究进展。分析了中新世～上新世青藏古地理环境 ,高原在 3 6MaBP海拔不超过 10 0 0m ,此后强烈隆升。青藏高原最近三次冰期年代分别为 72 5～ 5 81、 2 89～ 136、 82～ 10kaBP ,冰期中不存在“大冰盖”。高原晚新生代重大古地理演化阶段和事件为 :38～ 2 2MaBP行星风系控制的热带 亚热带低地、 2 2～3 6MaBP古季风出现与主夷平面发育、 3 6～ 1 7MaBP高原强烈隆升与现代季风形成和现代河谷发育、 1 1～ 0 6MaBP高原抬升进入冰冻圈与大冰期出现、 0 15MaBP以来强烈隆升与高原内部干旱化。本文还讨论了高原古地理尚需深入研究的一些重大问题 相似文献
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YAN Jianzhong ZHANG Yili LIU Linshan BAI Wanqi ZHU Huiyi SHI Yulin ZHENG Du 《地理学报》2006,16(3):293-305
1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China) 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - The lake hydrological and meteorological data of the Tibetan Plateau are not rich. This research reports the observed climatic data and measured water levels of... 相似文献
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生态系统科学研究与生态系统管理 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统学科以生态系统生态学研究为核心,通过研制生态系统观测和模拟分析的技术和方法,探索解决区域性/大尺度生态学问题的理论和方法,监测生态系统变化,认知生态系统变化规律,推动生态系统生态学、生物地理生态学、全球变化生态学和生态信息科学技术的发展,创新生态系统管理模式,服务于国家和地方的生态建设、应对全球变化及区域可持续发展。面向国家重大需求,在中国华北平原农业区、南方红壤丘陵林业区、青藏高原农牧区以及黄土高原区等典型区域开展生态系统管理技术与模式的集成与创新研究,着力解决国家生态文明建设和应对全球气候变化中的重大生态学问题,推动区域生态系统管理领域的科技进步。围绕生态系统生态学学科前沿,着重在① 生态系统联网观测、模拟与信息管理,② 生态系统结构、过程与功能,③ 生态系统空间格局与机制,④ 生态系统对全球变化的响应与适应,⑤ 生态系统管理与生态系统服务等五大主要研究方向,系统开展生态系统生态学前沿理论和实践的创新研究,研究成果处于国内和国际生态学研究的科学前沿。 相似文献
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青藏高原湖泊沉积与环境演变研究：现状与展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从空间尺度、不同时间尺度、重大气候环境变化事件、与其他研究结果的对比以及代用指标与气候要素的定量关系研究等几个方面总结了近十余年来青藏高原湖泊沉积与环境演变研究的主要成果。目前在高原上开展的湖泊沉积与环境演变研究主要分布在三个较为集中的地区：高原东北边缘区、高原西部西昆仑山湖泊群和高原中南部湖泊群。已有的湖泊沉积记录主要是以中长时间尺度的研究为主，而短时间尺度高分辨率的研究稍显不足。与其他地区全球变化研究结果的对比表明，湖泊沉积所反映的高原气候环境变化既具有全球性，又具有区域性的特征。湖泊沉积重建的环境序列的定量化研究仍处于探索阶段。由于湖泊沉积的环境代用指标存在着相对多解性，因此在实际研究中多学科交叉、多指标分析的方法是必需的。当前和今后需要深入开展环境代用指标与气候要素之间定量关系的研究，进一步提高沉积物定年的精确性，发现新的更为敏感的环境代用指标，不断完善多学科多环境代用指标的综合分析，并注重填补不同区域不同时间尺度的研究空白，加强高原上不同区域之间的对比研究。 相似文献
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At present, gas hydrates are known to occur in continental high latitude permafrost regions and deep sea sediments. For middle latitude permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau, further research is required to ascertain its potential development of gas hydrates. This paper reviewed pertinent literature on gas hydrates in the Tibetan Plateau. Both geological and ge- ographical data are synthesized to reveal the relationship between gas hydrate formation and petroleum geological evo- lution, Plateau uplift, formation of permafrost, and glacial processes. Previous studies indicate that numerous residual basins in the Plateau have been formed by original sedimentary basins accompanied by rapid uplift of the Plateau. Ex- tensive marine Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in these basins could provide rich sources of materials forming gas hydrates in permafrost. Primary hydrocarbon-generating period in the Plateau is from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, while secondary hydrocarbon generation, regionally or locally, occurs mainly in the Paleogene. Before rapid uplift of the Plateau, oil-gas reservoirs were continuously destroyed and assembled to form new reservoirs due to structural and thermal dynamics, forcing hydrocarbon migration. Since 3.4 Ma B.P., the Plateau has undergone strong uplift and extensive gla- ciation, periglacier processes prevailed, hydrocarbon gas again migrated, and free gas beneath ice sheets within sedi- mentary materials interacted with water, generating gas hydrates which were finally preserved under a cap formed by frozen layers through rapid cooling in the Plateau. Taken as a whole, it can be safely concluded that there is great temporal and spatial coupling relationships between evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and generation of gas hydrates. 相似文献
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2.5 Ma以来柴达木盆地的气候干湿变化特征及其原因 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
长期以来，一直认为柴达木盆地第四纪气候在波动中向干旱方向发展。原因是青藏高原的隆升阻挡了来自印度洋、孟加拉湾的水汽。然而，来自柴达木盆地新的证据表明，柴达木盆地第四纪气候演变的总体趋势是冰期越来越干燥，间冰期干燥程度却存在减弱的趋势。并且这种变化是呈阶段性的。最明显的阶段划分应在0.8-0.6Ma前后。这种现象可以用青藏高原的隆升做出比较合理的解释：青藏高原的隆升，不仅通过增强冬季亚洲高压（西伯利亚高压）使冬季风增强，使东亚季风区冰期气候更加干燥寒冷，而且还可以通过增强夏季亚洲低压（印度低压），使夏季风增强、间冰期气候更加温暖湿润，从而使得中国季风区冰期－间冰期的气候变差增大。可是，柴达木盆地位于青藏高原北缘，我国西北内陆区受夏季风影响较弱，间冰期或者湿润期湿润程度的增大如何与高原隆升和季风系统的调整相联系，还有待于进一步的研究。 相似文献
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冰川被誉为“固态水库”,对区域生态环境和发展至关重要。喀喇昆仑山地区的冰川出现了退缩停滞乃至前进的现象,被称为“喀喇昆仑异常”。为探明西喀喇昆仑地区吉尔吉特河(Gilgit River)流域的冰川面积变化及其影响因素,本文基于1993、2000、2016年三个时期的多景LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI遥感数据,通过目视解译法提取三期冰川边界。结果表明:(1)1993—2016年,吉尔吉特河流域冰川面积共萎缩了45.82±9.07km^2,约占1993年冰川总面积的4.07±0.80%。其中,1993—2000年冰川面积的年均萎缩率为0.19±0.02%,2000—2016年冰川面积的年均萎缩率为0.17±0.03%,即近15a来研究区冰川面积萎缩呈微弱的减缓趋势。(2)1993—2016年研究区内共有12条冰川发生过前进现象,其中G073768E36822N(冰川编码)冰川发生了较为快速的前进,在1996—1999年末端前进了477m,前进速率为159m·a^-1。(3)近40a来,吉尔吉特河流域的气温呈持续上升趋势,降水呈先减少后增加趋势。气温升高是研究区冰川退缩的主要原因,降水的增加缓解了因升温而导致的冰川面积萎缩。 相似文献
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青藏高原不同时段气候变化的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
1 Introduction The annual mean world temperature increased by about 0.6℃ from the late 1800s to the 1980s (Wang, 1994). The global environmental change is marked with “global warming” and its possible effects on the ecosystem as well as the production … 相似文献
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TIAN Li 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(3):296-306
The Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus have experienced warming higher than the global average in recent decades, resulting in many significant changes to ecosystem structures and functions. Among items that show change are the leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET), both of which play a fundamental role in shaping many causes and consequences of land surface processes and climate. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes of the LAI and ET and their relationships on these two roofing landscapes. Based on the MODIS products from 2000 through 2014, we found that there existed a general positive relationship between LAI and ET on the Mongolia Plateau (MP), while synergy did not exist on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Overall, 49.38% (50.62%) of land areas on the TP experienced significant increases (decreases) in LAI, while on the MP the percentages of increase and decrease were 94.92% (5.09%). For ET, the increased land area was 21.70% (124100 km2) on the TP and 88.01% (341600 km2) on the MP. More importantly, the relationships varied substantially across space and over time, with mismatches found in some parts of the landscapes. Additional observational investigations and/or experimental research are needed to explore the relationships, including the influences of vegetation characteristics and disturbances. 相似文献
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青藏高原近30年气候变化趋势 总被引：209，自引：17，他引：192
以1971~2000年青藏高原77个气象台站的观测数据 (最低、最高气温,日照时数,相对湿度,风速和降水量) 为基础,应用1998年FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith模型,并根据我国实际状况对其辐射项进行修正,模拟了青藏高原1971~2000年的最大可能蒸散,并由Vyshotskii模型转换为干燥度,力求说明近30年青藏高原的气候变化趋势,以及干湿状况的空间分布。应用线性回归法计算变化趋势,并用Mann-Kendall方法进行趋势检验。结果表明：青藏高原近30年气候变化的总体特征是气温呈上升趋势,降水呈增加趋势,最大可能蒸散呈降低趋势,大多数地区的干湿状况有由干向湿发展的趋势。气候因子与地表干湿状况间并不是线性关系,存在很大的不确定性。 相似文献
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1.8 Ma BP以来陇西断岘黄土剖面沉积特征及其反映的腾格里沙漠演化 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
六盘山作为青藏高原的东北构造边界，东西两侧有着明显的风成沉积差异。通过对陇西盆地六盘山西侧山麓剥蚀面上厚约223 m的断岘黄土-古土壤剖面的古地磁、磁化率和粒度分析，该剖面具有1.8 Ma BP以来完整的风成沉积旋回。主要应用砂粒百分含量(＞63 μm)作为指示风成物质来源区沙漠范围和气候干旱的直接指标，初步发现腾格里沙漠自1.8 Ma BP以来至少有2次大的扩张与变化过程，分别发生在1.1和0.8 Ma BP前后。研究表明腾格里沙漠的扩张与变化可能同全球性的冰量增加和冬季风增强以及区域性的青藏高原隆升有成因上的联系。 相似文献
19.
Climatic and tectonic controls on the fluvial morphology of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (China)
The geomorphological evolution of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) could provide valuable information for reconstructing the tectonic movements of the region. And the considerable uplift and climatic changes at here, provide an opportunity for studying the impact of tectonic and monsoon climate on fluvial morphological development and sedimentary architecture of fluvial deposits. The development of peneplain-like surface and related landscape transition from basin filling to incision indicate an intense uplift event with morphological significance at around 10–17 Ma in the NETP. After that, incision into the peneplain was not continuous but a staircase of terraces, developed as a result of climatic influences. In spite of the generally persisting uplift of the whole region, the neighbouring tectonic blocks had different uplift rates, leading to a complicated fluvial response with accumulation terraces alternating with erosion terraces at a small spatial and temporal scale. The change in fluvial activity as a response to climatic impact is reflected in the general sedimentary sequence on the terraces from high-energy (braided) channel deposits (at full glacial) to lower-energy deposits of small channels (towards the end of the glacial), mostly separated by a rather sharp boundary from overlying flood-loams (at the glacial-interglacial transition) and overall soil formation (interglacial). Pronounced incision took place at the subsequent warm-cold transitions. In addition, it is hypothesized that in some strongly uplifted blocks energy thresholds could be crossed to allow terrace formation as a response to small climatic fluctuations (103–104 year timescale). Although studies of morpho-tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the NETP, improve understanding on the impacts of tectonic motions and monsoonal climate on fluvial processes, a number of aspects, such as the distribution and correlation of peneplain and the related morphological features, the extent and intensity of tectonic movements influencing the crossing of climatic thresholds, leading to terrace development, need to be studied further. 相似文献
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LIU Shiyin WANG Ninglian DUAN Keqin XIAO Cunde DING Yongjian HAN Haidong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):401-410
1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin… 相似文献