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1.
The spatiotemporal variations of the site and regional droughts in China during 1960–2009 were analyzed by applying a daily composite-drought index (CDI) to 722 stations in mainland China. Droughts frequently happened in a zone extended from Southwest China to the Yellow River, North China, and the southwestern part of Northeast China, with two centers of high frequency in North China and Southwest China. In Southwest and South China, droughts tend to happen during the winter. In North China and along the Yellow River, droughts mainly occur during the winter and during May–June. During the past 50 years, the geographical distribution of site drought events showed high frequencies (0.9–1.3 times per year) in the upper Yellow River basin and North China, comparing with moderate frequencies (0.6–0.9 times per year) in Southwest China and the southwestern part of Northeast China and with lower frequencies over the middle and lower Yangtze River basin. And the frequencies increased over mainland China except for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. A regional drought (RD) event is a widespread and persistent event that covers at least five adjacent sites and lasts for at least 10 days. There were 252 RD events in the past 50 years—five times per year. Most RD events lasted for <100 days and covered <100 stations, but the longest and largest RD event lasted for 307 days from 6 September 1998 to 9 July 1999 and covered 327 stations from North to Southwest China. 相似文献
2.
华北平原地区夏季严重旱涝特征诊断分析 总被引：48，自引：0，他引：48
利用华北平原地区13个站1951～1995年6～8月的降水量资料讨论了该地区发生的严重旱涝特征,发现各有7年出现严重干旱和雨涝。严重干旱主要发生在6、7月份,严重雨涝主要发生在7、8月份。特大旱涝发生最频繁的地带在燕山南麓和太行山东麓。50年代多雨涝,60～80年代多干旱,进入90年代雨涝增多,反映华北平原地区旱涝变化阶段性和群发性。东西伯利亚（或鄂霍茨克海）阻塞高压及亚洲中高纬度东高西低分布的稳定维持,则分别对华北平原的严重干旱与雨涝的形成起着重要的作用。西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北、偏西（偏南、偏东）,华北平原地区易发生严重雨涝（干旱）。夏季风偏强（弱）年份,华北平原多发生雨涝（干旱）。 在赤道中东太平洋海温与北太平洋西风漂流区海温处于明显正距平阶段,华北平原地区易分别发生严重干旱与雨涝。 相似文献
3.
利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和中国气象局整编的中国160站气温、降水月平均资料, 计算并分析了1951年1月-2000年10月中国华北地区Palmer drought severity index (PDSI)。研究表明:近50年来华北干旱有显著的年际和年代际变化。从20世纪80年代以来, 华北出现了持续性严重干旱现象; 另外, 华北地区干旱持续时间一般都在两年以上。华北夏季典型干旱年的前期 (冬季和春季) 及同期环流特征是:北半球中高纬度500hPa高度距平场出现EU型遥相关分布, 华北地区长期处于大陆暖高压控制下。 相似文献
4.
近50年华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨和华北雨季旱涝特征对比分析 总被引：42，自引：10，他引：32
利用全国160站逐月降水资料,统计分析了1951～2000年50年华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨和华北雨季旱涝事件的分布特征,结果表明:近50年无论是华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨还是华北雨季,旱(涝)事件频率相当,华南和江淮洪涝强度大于干旱强度,华北干旱与洪涝强度相当,华南前汛期降水和华北雨季总体呈趋旱的趋势,而江淮梅雨呈趋涝的趋势;华南前汛期降水年际变化最为显著,江淮梅雨次之,华北雨季最弱,年代际变化的情况正好相反;从同期500 hPa高度场来看,华南前汛期降水多少与其北侧有无低值系统向南发展关系密切,江淮梅雨和华北雨季均与副高相关显著,不同在于前者还和鄂霍茨克阻塞高压呈显著正相关,而后者受其西北侧中高纬地区的环流影响较大;从前期海温来看,华北雨季与大西洋西部和北太平洋海温关系比华南前汛期降水和江淮梅雨更为密切,江淮梅雨与中国近海海温相关关系最为显著,而华南前汛期降水与孟加拉湾附近海温相关最明显. 相似文献
5.
Drought events have become more frequent and intense over East Asia in recent decades, leading to hugesocioeconomic impacts. Although the droughts have been studied extensively by cases or for individual regions, theirleading variability and associated causes remain unclear. Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) and ERA5 reanalysis product from 1979 to 2020, this study evealuates the severity of spring droughts in East Asiaand investigates their variations and associated drivers. The results indicate that North China and Mongolia have ex perienced remarkable trends toward dryness during spring in recent decades, while southwestern China has witnessed anopposite trend toward wetness. The first Empirical Orthogonal Function mode of SPEI variability reveals a similarseesawing pattern, with more severe dryness in northwestern China, Mongolia, North China, South Korea, and Japan butincreased wetness in Southwestern China and southeast Asia. Further investigation reveals that the anomalously dry (wet)surface in North (Southwestern) China is significantly associated with anomalously high (low) temperature, less (more)precipitation, and reduced (increased) soil moisture during the previous winter and early spring, regulated by an anomalousanticyclone (cyclone) and thus reduced (increased) water vapor convergence. The spring dry-wet pattern in East Asia isalso linked to cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the central-eastern Pacific. The findings of this study haveimportant implications for improving the prediction of spring drought events in East Asia. 相似文献
6.
Zengxin Zhang Qiang Zhang Xi Chen Jinchi Zhang Jianwei Zhou 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(3-4):337-347
Dryness and wetness variations in east China were analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) based on monthly precipitation data for 1961?C2005. A drying trend over North China was observed, which can be attributed to decreasing precipitation since the late 1970s. Moreover, NCAR/NCEP reanalysis dataset was used to investigate causes behind the drying trend in North China. The moisture flux on the regional boundaries of East China was calculated and a higher wavelet power spectrum for low-latitude boundaries (based on 20 and 25°N) occurred with significant periods in a 1-year band during 1961?C2005; however, since 1977, a significant 1-year period can no longer be detected on the northern boundary of South China (based on 35°N). The summer moisture flux during 1961?C1977, when compared to the same during 1978?C2005, has increased in East China. Good matches are found between moisture alterations and precipitation changes, and are also confirmed by the periods of moisture transport along different latitudes. The significant 1-year periods of moisture transport along the mid-latitude boundary (based on 35°N) have disappeared since 1977, which could be the causes behind the drought in North China. The disappearance of the significant 1-year band of moisture transport along the mid-latitude boundary (based on 35°N) in the late 1970s could be a result of the significantly decreased moisture transport in North China in summer. When southerly winds are weakened in East Asia, the southwesterly winds can only reach the south of the lower Yangtze River, which is the major cause behind the frequent summer droughts in North China in the recent years. 相似文献
7.
A STUDY ON THE VARIATION OF DROUGHT PERIODS OCCURRING IN NORTHWEST CHINA AND OTHER AFRICA-ASIA CONTINENTAL REGIONS 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Characteristics of the drought periods which occurred in North Africa,Middle East,Middle Asiaand Northwest China were studied based on the analysis of rainfall data from 1870—1990.It is foundthat the drought periods first started in North Africa and expanded eastward to Northwest Chinathrough Middle East and Middle Asia in about 27.5 years.And then a new teleconnection pattern of30—50 day low-frequency oscillation which is associated with the droughts over the Africa-Asia Con-tinent was discovered.Finally,a hypothesis is proposed based on the statistical results that the east-ward expansion of drought periods may be caused by the occurrence of giant earthquakes(Ms>6.0)which have a tendency to shift eastward from North Africa to Northwest China in about 27.75 years. 相似文献
8.
This study investigates how a large-scale reforestation in Savanna (8–12°N, 20°W–20°E) could affect drought patterns over West Africa in the future (2031–2060) under the RCP4.5 scenario. Simulations from two regional climate models (RegCM4 and WRF) were analyzed for the study. The study first evaluated the performance of both RCMs in simulating the present-day climate and then applied the models to investigate the future impacts of global warming and reforestation on the drought patterns. The simulated and observed droughts were characterized with the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and the drought patterns were classified using a Self-organizing Map (SOM) technique. The models capture essential features in the seasonal rainfall and temperature fields (including the Saharan Heat Low), but struggle to reproduce the onset and retreat of the West African Monsoon as observed. Both RCMs project a warmer climate (about 1–2 °C) over West Africa in the future. They do not reach a consensus on future change in rainfall, but they agree on a future increase in frequency of severe droughts (by about 2 to 9 events per decade) over the region. They show that reforestation over the Savanna could reduce the future warming by 0.1 to 0.8 °C and increase the precipitation by 0.8 to 1.2 mm per day. However, the impact of reforestation on the frequency of severe droughts is twofold. While reforestation decreases the droughts frequency (by about 1–2 events per decade) over the Savanna and Guinea coast, it increases droughts frequency (by 1 event per decade) over the Sahel, especially in July to September. The results of this study have application in using reforestation to mitigate impacts of climate change in West Africa. 相似文献
9.
长江流域、华北降水特征与南亚高压的关系分析 总被引：60，自引：25，他引：35
利用多年月平均气象场再分析资料和中国月平均降水资料,研究了长江流域和华北地区的典型旱涝年降水与南亚高压的关系,发现两地区的典型旱涝现象与南亚高压的异常增强或减弱、中心位置的经纬度偏差均有关。南亚高压异常增强,易造成长江流域涝、华北地区旱;南亚高压异常减弱,易造成长江流域旱、华北地区涝。同时发现、长江流域、华北地区的典型旱涝现象具有明显的反位相特征。 相似文献
10.
近60年中国不同区域降水的气候变化特征 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
利用1951-2009年中国503站日降水量资料,研究了我国各季各地区降水年代际变化的特征,并分析了其对我国干旱演变的影响。结果表明：近60年来我国各区域年平均降水量大多为减少趋势,其中华北、西南地区减少明显;各地区秋季降水偏少的趋势最为显著,可能是导致秋季干旱增多以及秋冬连季干旱频繁的主要原因。2000年以后北方夏季降水呈减少趋势,其中华北夏季降水明显减少,而冬季降水趋于增加,南方秋季降水减少明显,而春季降水增多。云南等西南地区秋冬春连旱偏多的原因之一可能与孟加拉湾季风结束偏早有关。 相似文献
11.
The effects of future temperature and hence evapotranspiration increases on drought risk over North America, based on ten current (1970–1999) and ten corresponding future (2040–2069) Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program, are presented in this study. The ten pairs of simulations considered in this study are based on six RCMs and four driving Atmosphere Ocean Coupled Global Climate Models. The effects of temperature and evapotranspiration on drought risks are assessed by comparing characteristics of drought events identified on the basis of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspration Index (SPEI). The former index uses only precipitation, while the latter uses the difference (DIF) between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) as input variables. As short- and long-term droughts impact various sectors differently, multi-scale (ranging from 1- to 12-month) drought events are considered. The projected increase in mean temperature by more than 2 °C in the future period compared to the current period for most parts of North America results in large increases in PET and decreases in DIF for the future period, especially for low latitude regions of North America. These changes result in large increases in future drought risks for most parts of the USA and southern Canada. Though similar results are obtained with SPI, the projected increases in the drought characteristics such as severity and duration and the spatial extent of regions susceptible to drought risks in the future are considerably larger in the case of SPEI-based analysis. Both approaches suggest that long-term and extreme drought events are affected more by the future increases in temperature and PET than short-term and moderate drought events, particularly over the high drought risk regions of North America. 相似文献
12.
13.
Reconstruction of a homogeneous temperature and precipitation series for China is crucial for a proper understanding of climate change over China. The annual mean temperature anomaly series of ten regions are found from 1880 to 2002. Positive anomalies over China during the 1920s and 1940s are noticeable.The linear trend for the period of 1880-2002 is 0.58℃ (100a)^-1, which is a little less than the global mean (0.60℃ (100a)^-l). 1998 was the warmest year in China since 1880, which is in agreement with theestimation of the global mean temperature. The mean precipitation on a national scale depends mainly on the precipitation over East China. Variations of precipitation in West China show some characteristics which are independent of those in the east. However, the 1920s was the driest decade not only for the east, but also for eastern West China during the last 120 years. The most severe drought on a national scale occurred in 1928. Severe droughts also occurred in 1920, 1922, 1926, and 1929 in North China.It is noticeable that precipitation over East China was generally above normal in the 1950s and 1990s;severe floods along the Yangtze River in 1954, 1991, and 1998 only occurred in these two wet decades.An increasing trend in precipitation variations is observed during the second half of the 20th century in West China, but a similar trend is not found in East China, where the 20- to 40-year periodicities are predominant in the precipitation variations. 相似文献
14.
华南4—5月持续性干旱及其环流背景 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用测站降水量资料和NCEP-DOEⅡ再分析资料等,统计分析了华南春季各月降水量逐年变化的相互关系以及华南4—5月持续性干旱对应的大气环流异常特征,初步探讨了与华南4—5月持续性干旱有关的海温异常及其可能的影响机理。华南春季降水量主要变异型为全区一致型,近30年来华南春季降水量在减少,华南4、5月降水量的逐年变化有显著的同相特征。华南春旱主要是由4—5月的降水持续偏少造成的。在华南4—5月持续干旱年,华南附近高低空都存在一个异常的反气旋,并在华南上空造成异常下沉运动;东亚大槽南支偏弱,不利于中高纬度冷空气南下,因而不利于华南降水。在华南4—5月持续干旱年,热带中太平洋的海温正距平可从前一年12月一直持续到当年5月,其影响华南春旱的机制是:由于赤道中太平洋地区海温正距平,导致该区域的异常辐合上升运动,同时通过罗斯贝波的响应在其西侧即西太平洋赤道南、北两侧低空强迫形成气旋性环流异常,在菲律宾东侧的热带西太平洋上空强迫出异常的上升运动,进而使南海北部和华南地区出现异常的下沉运动,导致干旱;在南海及热带西太平洋上空大气低层出现的偏北风异常也使得来源于南海—西太平洋的水汽输送减弱,不利于华南降水。在华南4—5月持续干旱年,4、5月欧亚大陆中高纬度地区也存在一个持续性的西北—东南向的异常环流波列,其对华南干旱的发生也具有显著的影响作用。 相似文献
15.
Climate extremes, particularly the droughts sustaining over a prolonged period and affecting extended area (defined as “exceptional drought events”), can have long-lasting effects on economic and social activities. Here we use the Chinese drought/flood proxy data of the past five hundred years to identify the cases of exceptional drought events over eastern China (east of 105°E), and to study their spatial patterns and temporal evolutions. The associated circulations for the contemporary case are analyzed using available meteorological data. Possible linkage of these cases to climatic forcing and natural climate events is also explored. After considering the intensity, duration, and spatial coverage, we identified three exceptional drought events, which occurred in 1586–1589, 1638–1641, and 1965–1966 in chronological order. They were the most severe droughts of last five centuries in eastern China, with more than 40% of affected area and the drought center encountered a significant summer rainfall reduction (about 50% or more). These three droughts all developed first in North China (34–40°N), and then either expanded southward or moved to the Yangtze River Valley (27–34°N) and the northern part of the southeastern coastal area (22–27°N). For the 1965–1966 case, the significant reduction of summer precipitation was caused by a weakening of summer monsoon and an anomalous westward and northward displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high. Our analyses also suggest that these three exceptional drought events might be triggered by large volcanic eruptions and amplified by both volcanic eruptions and El Niño events. 相似文献
16.
A severe drought occurred in East China (EC) from August to October 2019 against a background of long-term significant warming and caused widespread impacts on agriculture and society, emphasizing the urgent need to understand the mechanism responsible for this drought and its linkage to global warming. Our results show that the warm central equatorial Pacific (CEP) sea surface temperature (SST) and anthropogenic warming were possibly responsible for this drought event. The warm CEP SST anomaly resulted in an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific, where enhanced northerly winds in the northwestern sector led to decreased water vapor transport from the South China Sea and enhanced descending air motion, preventing local convection and favoring a precipitation deficiency over EC. Model simulations in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project confirmed the physical connection between the warm CEP SST anomaly and the drought in EC. The extremely warm CEP SST from August to October 2019, which was largely the result of natural internal variability, played a crucial role in the simultaneous severe drought in EC. The model simulations showed that anthropogenic warming has greatly increased the frequency of extreme droughts in EC. They indicated an approximate twofold increase in extremely low rainfall events, high temperature events, and concurrently dry and hot events analogous to the event in 2019. Therefore, the persistent severe drought over EC in 2019 can be attributed to the combined impacts of warm CEP SST and anthropogenic warming. 相似文献
17.
近500年的厄尔尼诺事件 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：32
根据南美洪水、澳大利亚干旱、印度尼西亚干旱、登陆我国台风次数、东亚冷夏,用我国旱涝恢复的南方涛动指数,用北美树木年轮恢复的南方涛动指数,用北美树木年轮恢复的南方涛动指数等资料初步确定了1470年以来的厄尔尼诺事件。 相似文献
18.
与华北地区春季降水量异常关联的大气环流异常 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
华北地区的春旱极大地影响着农作物的播种和生长.因此,尽管华北地区的春季1降水量没有夏季降水量那么多,但它的变化规律及其原因也是一个非常值得研究的问题.在本文中,我们指出,相对平均值而言,华北地区春季降水量的年际变化相当大.早年降水量的变化幅度相对较小,而降水多的年份之间降水量却有相当大的变化.进而,我们分析了在年际变化时间尺度上,与华北地区春季降水异常相关联的大尺度大气环流异常.发现在华北春季降水多时,东亚地区上空在整个对流层中存在一反气旋式环流异常,即与季节演变特征相符,而在热带地区存在与季节演变相反的环流异常.东亚地区上空这种反气旋式环流使得东亚大槽偏东、偏弱,并使得在我国东部地区出现南风异常,这种南风异常一直达到华北地区,为华北地区的降水提供有利条件.此外,反气旋式异常随高度向西斜,也为扰动的发展提供了有利的环流背景.本文对对流层高层经向风的分析结果表明,与华北春季降水密切相关的东亚地区反气旋式环流异常和南北风异常与出现在北半球中纬地区的波列有关系,但关于该波列产生的原因却有待进一步的研究.
相似文献
19.
Rudolf Br��zdil Monika B��l��nov�� Jaroslav Ro?novsky 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(1-2):71-81
Drought forecasting is a critical component of drought risk management. Identification of effective predictors is a major component of forecasting models. Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) are relevant predictors for short- to long-term drought forecasts. However, these datasets are captured globally within a cell-wise network. This paper describes an approach to locate the most effective cells of the SST and SLP datasets using data mining. They are then applied as input to an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to forecast possible droughts 3, 6, and 9?months in advance. Tehran plain was selected as the study area, and drought events are designated using the effective drought index (EDI). In another treatment, past values of the EDI time series were introduced to the ANFIS and the results compared with the previous findings. It was shown that R 2 values were higher for all cases applying the SST/SLP datasets. Additionally, the performance of SST/SLP datasets and the ANFIS model was assessed according to ??drought?? or ??wet?? classification, and it was concluded that more than 90% of the time the ANFIS model detected the drought status correctly or with only a one class error. 相似文献
20.
亚洲夏季风的年际和年代际变化及其未来预测 总被引：31，自引：12，他引：19
本文是对我们近五年在亚洲夏季风年代际与年际变率及其未来预测方面研究的一个综述.主要包括下列三个问题:(1)根据123年中国夏季降水资料和印度学者的分析,检测出亚洲夏季风具有明显的年代际尺度减弱,这种年代际变化使中国东部(包括东亚)和南亚夏季降水的格局在过去60年中发生了明显变化.在东亚,从1970年代后期开始,主要异常雨带有不断南移的趋势,结果造成了南涝北旱的降水分布,这主要受到60～80年年代际振荡的影响.青藏高原前冬和春季积雪的年代际减少与热带中东太平洋海表温度的年代际增加是东亚降水型改变的主要原因,这是通过减弱亚洲地区夏季海陆温差与夏季风强度而实现的.未来亚洲夏季风的预测表明,东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风对气候变暖有十分不同的响应.东亚夏季风在本世纪将增强,雨带北推,尤其在2040年代之后;而南亚夏季风环流将继续减弱.这种不同的变化是由于两者对高低层海陆热力差异的不同响应造成.(2)年际尺度的变率在亚洲夏季风区主要表现为2年与4～7年的振荡.本文着重分析了2年振荡(TBO)形成的过程、机理及其对东亚降水的影响.对TBO-海洋机理进行了具体的改进,说明了东亚夏季风降水深受TBO影响的原因,尤其是阐明了长江型(YRV) TBO和淮河型(HRV) TBO的特征及其形成的循环过程.(3)在总结亚洲夏季风时期遥相关型的基础上,本文提出了季节内和年际尺度的低空遥相关型:即西北太平洋季风的遥相关型与印度“南支”和“北支”遥相关型.它们基本上反映了沿低空夏季风强风速带Rossby波群速度传播的结果.据此可以根据西北太平洋和印度夏季风的变化分别预测中国梅雨和华北雨季来临和降水异常.最后研究还表明,在本世纪亚洲夏季风可能更显著地受到人类活动造成的全球变暖的影响,未来的亚洲夏季风活动是人类排放的CO2引起的全球变暖与自然变化(海洋和陆面过程(积雪))共同作用的结果. 相似文献