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都市圈旅游发展研究进展 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
都市圈是国家经济社会发展的主要平台,21 世纪国际竞争的基本单元,同时亦是国家旅游创新发展的战略平台,汇聚了传统的旅游发展要素和新兴的旅游发展要素,旅游产业体系完备、规模庞大。都市圈旅游发展对国家和世界旅游发展具有明显的引领和示范作用。现有的都市圈旅游研究成果,主要集中在都市圈旅游发展背景研究、发展模式与战略研究、空间研究、合作与竞争研究以及旅游发展规划与政策研究等方面,对都市圈旅游发展作了有益的探索。但现有研究成果基于传统资源观研究较多,新范式研究探索较少;传统旅游发展要素研究较多,新兴旅游发展要素研究较少;单体城市旅游研究较多,都市圈有机体旅游研究较少;尚未形成统一的研究范式和体系,难以适应都市圈旅游发展的需要,有碍都市圈旅游发展规律的探索。研究认为,根据中国都市圈旅游发展实际,围绕中国都市圈旅游发展的科学问题,应该重点开展都市圈旅游发展的国际典型模式、中国都市圈旅游发展过程-结构-机制的理论体系和都市圈旅游发展的中国特色道路等领域的研究;加强都市圈旅游产业发展、文化创新、重大工程、重大节事的都市圈旅游发展效应、都市圈旅游发展的生态过程和都市圈旅游发展竞争与合作等专题研究。注重都市圈旅游发展研究的空间系统识别、研究数据采集和处理的科学性和可行性,建立都市圈旅游发展研究的多方法综合集成的方法体系。 相似文献
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As the economic base of most American metropolitan areas relies increasingly on services, office industries have shifted to a more pivotal role in the new metropolitan service economy. Using primary office-space usage data of the time period 1985–1990, the changing spatial patterns of this new metropolitan service economy are investigated. It is found that the primary office activities are predominantly concentrated in a relatively small number of the largest metropolitan areas. However, an emerging spatial dispersion in primary office activities is also exhibited. Such dispersion is extremely strong at the upper end of the urban hierarchy. The Sunbelt-Snowbelt dichotomy fails to reveal any differences in the growth pattern of the new metropolitan service economy. A more diversified growth pattern of primary office activities is observed. Concentrated dispersion is the major spatial characteristic of this new metropolitan service economy. 相似文献
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基于高速公路流的东北大都市区边界识别与结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用高速公路收费站数据分析东北大都市区的空间边界与中心-外围结构特征。研究发现,① 中心城市高速公路流随距离的分布符合距离衰减规律,随规模位序的累积分布符合“二八定律”,但在具体的指标阈值上却表现出显著差异。② 四大都市区在空间上相连,以较小的国土面积承载了区域主要的社会经济活动。沈阳都市区和大连都市区在城镇关联体系中已实现融合;沈阳都市区、长春都市区、哈尔滨都市区间的空间联系则相对松散。③ 高速公路流空间下,各大都市区中心-外围空间结构表现出空间圈层、功能廊道和边界切割的典型特征。 相似文献
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中国城乡居民创业意愿的空间差异及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
创业意愿受区域环境的影响。利用中国家庭大数据和中国家庭金融调查,运用多层混合效应logistic模型,从区域创业示范效应、教育背景和风险偏好三方面探讨城乡创业意愿影响因素的差异。研究发现：① 区域示范效应促进东部城市居民创业意愿产生,但对中西部城市及农村居民无显著影响。② 城市中高学历居民更难产生创业意愿,东部农村居民创业意愿与教育背景无关,在中西部农村,高学历促进创业意愿产生。③ 城市中偏好高风险、高收益的居民更可能产生创业意愿,但当居民风险容忍度高到一定程度后,产生创业意愿的可能性不再改变,且东部城市的容忍程度门限高于西部城市;而在农村,偏好更高风险不能促进创业,仅当居民不愿承担任何风险时才会抑制创业。 相似文献
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The typology of the American metropolis: monocentricity,polycentricity, or generalized dispersion? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Although the spatial structure of employment in large US metropolitan regions is a well-researched topic, few studies focus on medium-sized and small US metropolitan regions. Consequently, there is no overall typology relating small-to-medium urban form to employment distribution. We address this gap by investigating the spatial structure of employment in 356 metropolitan regions. We conceptualize six typologies based on three categories that have overlapping properties: “monocentricity,” “polycentricity,” and “generalized dispersion.” The study has three main findings. First, the three types of urban form that we identify as “hybrid” outnumber the three “pure” types by almost four to one. Second, job dispersion is a dominant characteristic in almost 70% of all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) (including the hybrid types), and polycentricity (56.7% of MSAs) is somewhat more common than monocentricity. Third, there is a strong relationship between population size and density. The population of medium-sized metropolitan areas is generally more dispersed than that of small and large metropolitan areas. Polycentricy emerges mostly in large metropolitan regions, while monocentrity is found in both small and large metropolitan regions. 相似文献
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Metropolitan land-use patterns by economic function: a spatial analysis of firm headquarters and branch office locations in Australian cities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper develops a comparative means by which to understand metropolitan spatial structure through the dynamics of economic activities. Clustering and suburbanization have been key processes within the contemporary urban landscape, but few scholarly accounts have systematically merged the two to explain the geographies of economic activity. Using firm location as a variable to discern sector- and industry-based locational requirements, we explore land-use and economic activity in Australia’s five largest metropolitan areas. Drawing upon the respective headquarters and branch office locations of a set of publically traded firms, we seek to establish general spatial patterns across Australian cities using two proxy measures for clustering and suburbanization, being well-established drivers of firm locational choice. Despite the complexity that post-industrial and suburbanizing processes add to metropolitan land-use patterns, we contend that certain patterns exist that can be generalized from one context to another across urban space, and that certain emerging trends such as the development of CBD-fringe precincts merit greater attention. 相似文献
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Urban Employment Subcenters and Sectoral Clustering in Montreal: Complementary Approaches to the Study of Urban Form 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):103-105
Since the late 1980's there has been renewed interest in the study of employment polynucleation within metropolitan areas, fed in part by the move to suburban locations of high-order service functions. In parallel, a growing body of research has underlined the role which proximity plays in information exchange, innovation and growth. So far there have been only limited attempts to merge these two approaches and investigate the degree to which local agglomeration economies and positive externalities may underpin the creation of suburban employment poles. In this paper a first step is taken in this direction by proposing an approach to systematically investigate the colocation of economic activities within a metropolitan context. It is found that the groups of economic activities which systematically tend to colocate closely mirror those activities which would be grouped together along sectoral lines. 相似文献
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国外典型大都市区发展对我国大都市区建设的启示 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过探索国际上典型大都市区的形成和发展轨迹,力图寻求其对我国大都市区建设的启示,以实现我国大城市的可持续发展与区域的可持续发展 相似文献
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We focus on the association between the institutional factor of union contract coverage rates among workers and the variation in income inequality across a set of sixty-four metropolitan areas of the United States for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. We use market variables of relative skills and relative education and demographic variables of race and gender as controls in our regression models. We also specify a set of models that substitute right-to-work status for union contract coverage rates. Our primary finding is that union contract coverage rates are temporally consistent and significant negative covariates of income inequality, as measured by Gini coefficients, across the metropolitan areas. Further, metropolitan areas in right-to-work states have consistently and significantly higher levels of inequality than expected given the control variable effects. Our interpretation of the primary finding is that issues of labor power and class play a clearly important role in contributing to income inequality in the set of metropolitan areas used in the analysis. 相似文献
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In this article, we use local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and other spatial analysis techniques to analyze the distribution of centers with high employment density within metropolitan areas. We examine the 359 metropolitan areas across the United States at three points in time (1990, 2000, and 2010) to provide a spatio-temporal panoramic of urban spatial structure. Our analysis highlights three key findings. (1) The monocentric structure persists in a majority of metropolitan areas: 56.5% in 1990, 64.1% in 2000, and 57.7% in 2010. (2) The pattern of employment centers remains stable for most metropolitan areas: the number of centers remained the same for 74.9% of metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2000 and for 85.2% between 2000 and 2010. (3) Compared with monocentric metropolitan areas, polycentric metros are larger and more dense, with higher per-capita incomes and lower poverty rates. 相似文献
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The campaign to promote the networking of America underscores the importance of information infrastructures that can support regional competitiveness. One crucial element of a regional information infrastructure is a computer services (CS) industry that supports computer systems, provides backward and forward linkages among all sectors of the economy, serves as engines for economic growth, enhances production efficiency, and encourages innovation. But research on metropolitan CS has been limited, and where CS are analyzed directly, spatial units of analysis vary and CS are rarely disaggregated. This paper situates CS employment within spatial analyses of producer services, outlines infrastructural characteristics, analyzes CS distribution across metropolitan areas in 1982 and 1993, and considers the implications of the findings. The data suggest that while large metropolitan areas are most likely to have a diverse base of specializations in multiple CS types, many smaller metropolitan areas possess CS specializations. We conclude that ranking in the urban CS hierarchy is more likely to be a function of local economic structure than metropolitan population. The uneven dispersion of CS capacity across metropolitan areas potentially has negative ramifications for implementation of national policy and development of underserved regional economies. 相似文献
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The concept of transit-rich neighborhoods (TRNs) has become a focus of more interest as it relates to rapidly growing and congested communities, and it has received national attention because of its contribution to smart growth in the United States. Although most investment in transit services has been concentrated in denser central cities, where most transit users, including those of low income, reside, the trend toward the decentralization of poverty has become evident in many metropolitan areas and underscored the need to improve suburban transit services. Many studies pertaining to transit ridership have focused on the physical characteristics of stations, their catchment areas, and equity issues for low-income riders, particularly in central cities, without accounting for the evolving socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods being served. To address this issue, this paper categorizes TRNs based on changing socioeconomic and spatial characteristics and uses multiple regression to examine the relationship between types of TRNs and transit ridership in the Atlanta metropolitan area, focusing on the decentralization of poverty. The results show that suburban TRNs became more diverse in terms of income and race between 2000 and 2009, which suggests that investment in commuter rail transit is an important contribution to social and economic equality at the regional level. Furthermore, poverty rates in suburban areas, compared to those in their downtown and inner-city counterpart TRNs, positively influence the percentage of transit ridership. The increased use of suburban transit services suggests the potential presence of increased latent demand, which is further supported by the decentralization of poverty. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(2):121-137
Ordinary least-squares multiple regression is used to construct a path diagram showing the direct and indirect effects of corporate location factors on the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 44 largest metropolitan areas in the United States during the period 1979-1983. The results show that the metropolitan areas with the most rapid population growth over the period 1970-1980 correspond to the centers with greater shares of FDI. The growth in Fortune measure, an indicator of the market dynamics of the metropolitan areas, has a direct effect on the level of investment. The growth of employment in manufacturing and in finance, insurance, and real estate, used as indexes of labor supply and of producer services, have indirect effects on FDI. The results show that foreign direct investors tend to concentrate in centers offering strong markets and strong bases of producer services, regardless of their regional locations. 相似文献
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城市旅游核心-边缘空间结构形成机制——基于协同发展视角 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于城市旅游核心区与边缘区协同发展的视角,分析了城市旅游核心与边缘空间结构形成机制,并以上海市为例进行了实证研究。认为城市旅游核心区与边缘区的旅游产品价格、旅游交通服务价格与服务次数、城市居民居址到RBD与到城市旅游边缘区的距离、城市人口等因素对城市旅游核心-边缘空间结构形成及协同发展具有重要影响;并指出上海市旅游核心边缘空间结构形成的主要机制为:上海城市旅游核心区与边缘区旅游资源的空间互补特性、上海城市旅游边缘区旅游产品价格竞争上的优势、上海城市旅游核心区与边缘区之间快速旅游交通网络的建设及上海城市旅游边缘区人口的增加等。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(4):334-354
In metropolitan areas, firms trade-off land and information costs. Firms that gain the most from access to the knowledge and know-how of other firms in the same sector are willing and able to pay for expensive central city land. We found that legal services, advertising, and accounting and auditing services are the most centralized services in the 74 largest metropolitan areas of the United States. Maps of seven fast-growing business and professional services in Phoenix, Arizona, show that central city services are mainly located in the CBD. Using a logarithmic function, we found that service jobs are more decentralized in the larger metropolitan areas and in metropolitan areas outside the Northeast. Analysis of disaggregate service sectors shows significant intersectoral variation in this relationship. 相似文献
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以南京都市圈、苏锡常都市圈和徐州都市圈为例,从城市与区县两个尺度,研究住房价格、城市发展质量及其耦合协调度的空间格局及区域差异。结果表明:(1)3个都市圈的耦合协调度与区域差异均呈现城市尺度大于区县尺度的特征。(2)住房价格与城市发展质量空间分布格局具有相对一致性,“组团式”格局明显,南京都市圈的区域差异均最大。(3)3个都市圈耦合协调度水平整体不高,处于中级及以下协调水平,且分布呈空间依赖性;住房价格与城市系统及其经济、社会、文化、生态4个子系统发展质量的耦合协调度由大到小依次为苏锡常都市圈、南京都市圈、徐州都市圈,且耦合协调度区域差异既表现出共振性又表现出尺度敏感性。(4)根据协调状态及主导低耦合失调的原因,将城市划分为6种类型,区县划分为8种类型。 相似文献
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Mexican and Central American immigrant communities in the boom and bust housing markets of the 2000s
Molly M. Scott 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):29-43
Classic immigrant enclaves, largely voluntary and temporary, have historically served as a strong platform for integration in United States metropolitan areas. However, trends in the early 2000s, including new destinations and skyrocketing housing costs, may have reshaped the landscape, particularly for numerically dominant immigrant groups with very low socioeconomic status. In this article, I use data for 56 metropolitan areas and 31,563 census tracts from the 2000 Census and the 2005–2009 American Community Survey to examine the relationship between the change in concentration of Mexican and Central American immigrants and the characteristics of neighborhoods in 2000. The analyses suggest that, across metropolitan areas, these immigrant communities consolidated in neighborhoods with low home values, adequate but overcrowded housing, relatively small shares of their own immigrant group, and large shares of other Hispanics. Demographic dynamics may have weakened immigrant support networks, leaving Mexican and Central American immigrants vulnerable, particularly in a subset of metropolitan areas where this population grew most substantially outside the central cities. 相似文献
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上海互联网新创企业的时空演化及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于互联网经济转型和信息技术浪潮下的创新创业活动已成为社会广泛关注的热点。论文利用上海互联网新创企业数的截面数据,采用核密度估计、Ripley's K函数、负二项回归模型等方法探究互联网新创企业的时空演化特征与区位影响因素。结果表明：① 时序变化上,互联网创业在2010年后进入活跃期,行业分布与全国创业形势及上海产业导向相一致。② 空间演变上,整体呈现“大集聚小分散”的分异特征,企业高度集聚于中环线内的同时向郊区中心镇和新城扩散。中心城区企业集聚强度不断增强,集聚规模由4.5 km扩张到6.5 km;在空间上由相对均衡向多中心集聚的形态演变。黄浦-静安-徐汇片、五角场、陆家嘴、张江和漕河泾等5大核心集聚区以其特定的资源优势获得互联网新创企业的青睐。③ 孵化环境、生活环境、商务环境、投资环境等构成互联网创业活动的外部环境需求;产业集聚、技术因子和土地价格等对互联网新创企业区位分布产生了显著影响。 相似文献
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都市圈是承载城市等级层次结构的重要空间集群,基于城市等级体系概念,为明确广东省城市等级结构以及在新型城镇化背景下优化都市圈建设,提出"城市发展综合度"指标体系,采用因子分析法,考察广东省21个地级市的综合发展程度。将这些地级市划分为核心城市、区域性中心城市、区域性次中心城市、地方性中心城市、地方性次中心城市和地方性一般城市6个等级层次。并且提出优化广东省都市圈发展的建议。 相似文献