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采集康平、沈北、东梁、辽阳、阜新、浑江、舒兰、海拉尔、珲春、凉水、七台河共11处煤矿样品,设置了燃烧试验,使煤在近密闭燃烧炉中燃烧,杜绝飞灰造成的物质损失,然后测定煤及其对应灰分的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K活度.分析得出：在理论燃烧状态下,假设燃烧无飞灰产生,煤灰的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K天然放射性核素富集因子f与煤灰分比Ad的乘积为1.根据煤燃烧后核素的迁移富集规律和影响辐射水平的核素权重,提出了应用于煤的比活度、吸收剂量率、年吸收剂量、内辐射指数等放射性环境评价参考值.经11处煤矿验证,评价结果可以反映煤灰的辐射水平,辐射水平排序与实际测量结果基本一致. 相似文献
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通过对煤田钻孔天然伽玛测井资料的二次解译,发现辽宁省内部分煤田含煤岩系存在放射性异常.筛查钻孔3437个,发现异常孔841个,其中与煤层相关的异常钻孔49个,异常值为50~123γ,个别钻孔异常峰值高达260 γ.采集康平、蒲河等5处煤矿原煤作为分析对象,对5处煤矿原煤样品和燃烧后的煤灰进行分析,确定238U、232Th、226Ra、40K、210Pb、210Po在燃烧后迁移的比例及其影响因素.238U、232Th、226Ra、40K、210Pb元素在煤/灰活度比与煤燃烧后灰分比对比结果显示两者相近,表明元素在燃烧过程中未发生挥发及化学反应,元素含量几乎全部富集于灰分中;而210Po元素煤/灰活度比与煤燃烧后灰分比相差较大,认为在煤的燃烧过程中Po易以气态形式迁移到空气中.因此应重视与煤炭开采利用直接相关含煤岩系的放射性异常,避免对环境产生放射性污染. 相似文献
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利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素238U、232Th、40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区238U、232Th、40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的238U、232Th、40K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平. 相似文献
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“三九”地区位于诸广山复式岩体中段,隶属华南花岗岩型铀矿富集区。放射性同位素及其比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,可直接反映浅部到深部的铀、镭富集的地球化学特征及其迁移规律。本文重点探讨“三九”地区不同地段、不同含量、不同埋深和不同矿体部位的238U、234U、226Ra、230Th和231Pa同位素特征及其比值,分析铀、镭迁移富集规律。结果表明：“三九”地区铀矿体由近地表至深部铀镭平衡系数具有高-低-高变化特征;U元素的相对富集、Th元素相对减低及其U/Th比值的急剧升高等特征,与U、Th丰度区间具有明显分带特征关系密切;当地表有矿化或异常显示且浅、深部有工业矿时,其同位素组成具有铀、镭同时迁出,且铀大量迁出特征;当地表无异常显示时,其同位素组成具有铀大量迁出、镭明显迁入特征。大于1的234U/238U比值可有效指示找铀矿化。综上,利用放射性同位素及其比值法在“三九”地区预测深部铀成矿有利地段,取得较好应用效果,其中九龙江、石壁窝和木... 相似文献
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近几年国际陨石市场发展迅速,陨石类饰品以不可替代的独特优势备受公众瞩目,多数消费者普遍存在陨石辐射危害人体健康的误解和疑虑。本文通过针对性测试可作为饰品原材料的铁陨石、橄榄陨铁、普通球粒陨石和玻璃陨石的块体样品,以及普通球粒陨石粉末样品的放射性元素(226Ra、232Th和40K)比活度,获得这些样品的放射性比活度数据。结果表明,所检测陨石样品的放射性比活度和内外照辐射指数(IRa和Iγ)均低于人体皮肤放射性安全标准,同时低于和田玉和祖母绿等传统宝玉石;而玻璃陨石的放射性比活度略高于作为对比的宝玉石,但低于人体安全标准。通过对所检测样品的矿物组合和化学组成等指标对比分析,认为陨石中具有高浓度放射性元素的矿物含量极低,宇宙射线不能导致陨石放射性增加,玻璃陨石相对较高的放射性比活度主要由源区岩石中残留含高放射性元素矿物引起。 相似文献
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水体的铀同位素比值是反演古海洋及古大气氧化还原变化的有效手段,但是天然水样品中铀元素含量较低,需要对水体进行富集和纯化。文章将水中铀元素不同的富集方法结合UTEVA树脂柱二次分离的回收率进行比较,并对比了其相对于参考值的偏倚程度,使用多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)测定分离纯化后样品的铀同位素比值(235U/238U和234U/238U)。结果表明Ca3(PO4)2共沉淀的富集方式回收率最高(78.5%),且比值偏倚程度较小(235U/238U偏倚值为0.007%,234U/238U偏倚值为0.064%),并可以大幅度降低杂质干扰,适用于水中铀元素的富集。 相似文献
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珊瑚礁生态系统拥有较高的生物多样性,为人类提供了丰富的生物资源及生态服务功能与价值。我国多处滨海核电站周边存在造礁珊瑚,而南海珊瑚岛礁也是未来海上漂浮核电站重要的潜在应用场景。基于在珊瑚礁中14C、90Sr和137Cs的已有研究,分析了珊瑚礁中关键人工放射性核素的研究动态,提出了基于核素在珊瑚骨骼与海水分配系数的分类原则,探索了低度(137Cs)、中度(129I)和高度(14C>239+240Pu>90Sr,236U)富集的三大类核素在珊瑚骨骼中的富集规律,利用欧盟的ERICA模型开展上述人工放射性核素和天然放射性核素210Po对珊瑚虫的辐射剂量评估,定量计算不同核素对珊瑚虫的剂量率排序依次为14C>90Sr>137Cs>239+240Pu> 相似文献
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入海河口中河水与海水的混合是海洋学中一个重要的界面过程,两者混合尺度和混合速率关系到河流携带物质的扩散范围和归宿,采用天然示踪剂224Ra和226Ra计算河水与海水的混合速率。2010年8月28日,采集了闽江河口区地下水样20个、河水样13个、河水与海水的混合水样12个,分别测量了每个水样的盐度、224Ra活度和226Ra活度。结果表明：地下水中224Ra、226Ra活度普遍高于河水;所有水体中的224Ra活度普遍都高于226Ra活度;河水遇到海水后,224Ra活度出现较大幅度的增加,而226Ra活度的增加并不明显。基于224Ra与226Ra半衰期的差异,在只有河水与海水发生涡流混合的情况下,计算获得河水与海水的混合速率为140.2~142.5 m/h。 相似文献
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利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱 (LA-ICP-MS)对三峡地区二叠系茅口组牙形石的U-Th-Pb同位
素年龄进行测定。结果表明该地层中牙形石的 208Pb/ 232Th年龄为 269 ±44Ma ,207Pb/235U为 256 ±
39Ma叠系茅口组的生物地层年龄。206b/238U年龄为196 ±Ma,虽然准确度较高,但与前人推测的
地层年龄相比偏低。此外,作者对牙形石的稀土元素(REE)组成进行了分析,并且发现牙形石的 REE组成和Ce
异常与古海水氧化还原条件有一定的相关性,可以指示古海水的信息。 相似文献
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Maria Mastalerz James C Hower Agnieszka Drobniak Sarah M Mardon Grzegorz Lis 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,59(3-4):171-192
This paper presents data on the properties of coal and fly ash from two coal mines and two power plants that burn single-source coal from two mines in Indiana. One mine is in the low-sulfur (<1%) Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian) and the other mines the high-sulfur (>5%) Springfield Coal Member of the Petersburg Formation (Pennsylvanian). Both seams have comparable ash contents (11%). Coals sampled at the mines (both raw and washed fractions) were analyzed for proximate/ultimate/sulfur forms/heating value, major oxides, trace elements and petrographic composition. The properties of fly ash from these coals reflect the properties of the feed coal, as well as local combustion and post-combustion conditions. Sulfur and spinel content, and As, Pb and Zn concentrations of the fly ash are the parameters that most closely reflect the properties of the source coal. 相似文献
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华能南京电厂不同粒径粉煤灰中微量元素分布及其富集规律 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
华能南京电厂不同粒径粉煤灰的化学成分和矿物相组成基本相同，煤粉所含矿物质在高温燃烧过程中的挥发－凝聚作用，导致微量元素趋向细粒径粒煤灰中富集，其富集的程度则与粉煤灰的平均粒径和元素的地球化学性质密切相关，粉煤灰排放的环境效应表明，尤以细粒径灰粒的影响最大。 相似文献
14.
P. K. Mukhopadhyay G. Lajeunesse A. L. Crandlemire 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,32(1-4)
Systematic changes in mineralogy, enrichment and depletion of selected elements, and mineralogical speciation of selected elements in fly ash and bottom ash samples from the Lingan Power Plant were compared to run-of-mine and pulverized feed coal from the Sydney coalfield, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada. The analytical techniques used were an electron microprobe equipped with energy and wavelength X-ray dispersive spectrometers, X-ray diffraction, neutron activation, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray and incident light petrography. Three types of glasses (Fe/O-rich, Fe/Al/Si/O-rich and or Al/Si/O-rich) were identified in the combustion residues; they were formed as a result of the interaction of melted pyrite and clay minerals. Compared to the feed coal, most elements were enriched 10 to20 times in the fly ash. The concentration of the elements in both the fly ash and bottom ash are comparable to coal ash that is generated by the low temperature asher in the laboratory. Some chalcophile elements such as arsenic and lead occurred as a solid solution in pyrite in the feed coal and were concentrated in the float fraction (density: <2.81 g/cm3) of the fly ash with non-crystalline Fe-oxides. X-ray mapping of arsenic in the fly ash and bottom ash indicates that arsenic was evenly distributed as oxide within the Fe/O- and Fe/Al/Si/O-rich glass and crystalline phases in the fly ash, possibly in solid solution. Arsenic is associated with Fe/O and Fe/S crystalline phases in the bottom ash. 相似文献
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The isotopic compositions of S (δ34S) and C (δ13C) were determined for the coal utilized by a power plant and for the fly ash produced as a by-product of the coal combustion in a 220-MW utility boiler. The coal samples analyzed represent different lithologies within a single mine, the coal supplied to the power plant, the pulverized feed coal, and the coal rejected by the pulverizer. The ash was collected at various stages of the ash-collection system in the plant. There is a notable enrichment in 34S from the base to the top of the coal seam in the mine, with much of the variation due to an upwards enrichment in the δ34S values of the pyrite. Variations in δ34S and in the amount of pyritic S in the coal delivered to the plant show that there was a change of source of coal supplied to the plant, between week one and week two of monitoring, supporting a previous study based on metal and sulfide geochemistry for the same plant. The fly ash has a more enriched δ34S than the pulverized coal and, in general, the δ34S is more enriched in fly ashes collected at cooler points in the ash-collection system. This pattern of δ34S suggests an increased isotopic fractionation due to temperature, with the fly ash becoming progressively depleted in 34S and the flue gas S-containing components becoming progressively enriched in 34S with increasing temperatures. Substantially less variation is seen in the C isotopes compared to S isotopes. There is little vertical variation in δ13C in the coal bed, with δ13C becoming slightly heavier towards the top of the coal seam. An 83–93% loss of solid phase C occurs during coal combustion in the transition from coal to ash owing to loss of CO2. Despite the significant difference in total C content only a small enrichment of 0.44–0.67‰ in 13C in the ash relative to the coal is observed, demonstrating that redistribution of C isotopes in the boiler and convective passes prior to the arrival of the fly ash in the ash-collections system is minor. 相似文献
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Huang Wenhui Yang Qi Department of Energy Resources Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing Peng Suping Department of Geology Engineering China University of Mining Technology Beijing Zhao Zhigen Department of R 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
INTRODUCTIONMany environmental problems may arise during coal min-ing and utilization. Among these prob1ems, much attention hasbeen paid to S(), and NO. emission during coal combustion.But the environmental effects produced by hazardous elementsduring coal mining and utilization are also important and de-serve to be studied (Goodazi, 1995; Finkelman, 1993; Valk-ovic, l983). For example, when coal wastes are used for landreclamation, the harmful elements in them may pollute water,soil an… 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(7):1309-1319
Petroleum coke has been used as a supplement or replacement for coal in pulverized-fuel combustion. At a 444-MW western Kentucky power station, the combustion of nearly 60% petroleum coke with moderate- to high-sulfur Illinois Basin coal produces fly ash with nearly 50% uncombusted petroleum coke and large amounts of V and Ni when compared to fly ash from strictly pulverized coal burns. Partitioning of the V and Ni, known from other studies to be concentrated in petroleum coke, was noted. However, the distribution of V and Ni does not directly correspond to the amount of uncombusted petroleum coke in the fly ash. Vanadium and Ni are preferentially associated with the finer, higher surface area fly ash fractions captured at lower flue gas temperatures. The presence of uncombusted petroleum coke in the fly ash doubles the amount of ash to be disposed, makes the fly ash unmarketable because of the high C content, and would lead to higher than typical (compared to other fly ashes in the region) concentrations of V and Ni in the fly ash even if the petroleum coke C could be beneficiated from the fly ash. Further studies of co-combustion ashes are necessary in order to understand their behavior in disposal. 相似文献