共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
鲕粒作为碳酸盐岩中非常重要的指相颗粒,其研究主要集中在成因上面,而成岩作用研究较少。北京西山地区下苇甸剖面寒武系张夏组发育大套鲕粒灰岩,通过对该剖面野外实测、薄片观察、XRD测试等手段,结合有机碳、热解等地化参数,对鲕粒的硅化机制及其硅质来源做了系统的研究。结果表明,鲕粒溶蚀再沉淀或者新生变形作用造成鲕粒边缘有机质富集,有机质演化释放的有机酸是硅质沉淀的主要因素,硅质来源主要为陆源输入和黏土矿物的转化。由于有机质主要富集在鲕粒边缘,形成有机质膜,从而造成硅质的沉淀主要沿鲕粒边缘发生,形成鲕粒边缘特有的硅化套,这种结果也从侧面反映了微生物在原始鲕粒形成中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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Origin and variability of a terminal Proterozoic primary silica precipitate,Athel Silicilyte,South Oman Salt Basin,Sultanate of Oman 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Precambrian–Cambrian Athel Silicilyte is a 400 m thick, salt‐encased siliceous succession in the South Oman Salt Basin. It is a self‐sourcing hydrocarbon reservoir and comprises up to 95% microcrystalline quartz and exhibits wavy discontinuous lamination, comprising thin, alternating organic‐rich and silica‐rich layers. Textures and geochemical fingerprinting indicate that it is a primary precipitate formed by microbially mediated precipitation of silica from sea water, within the water column at the sulphidic/oxic interface. The unique occurrence of the Athel Silicilyte in the terminal Proterozoic implies that optimal conditions for this style of silica precipitation occurred only briefly. Basin anoxia, coupled with the growth of microbial mats, low pH and high silica pore water saturations, created optimal chemical conditions for silica precipitation. Volumes of microcrystalline quartz are highest within the transgressive and early highstand systems tract and towards the centre of the Athel Basin. At the basin margins, and within the late highstand systems tract, volumes of microcrystalline quartz decreased as the volume of detrital sediment increased. Mass‐balance calculations indicate that silica‐enriched sea water would have been supplied to the basin by infrequent marine incursions that replenished ambient sea water in the upper part of the water column. In conclusion, precipitation of the Athel Silicilyte was driven by the coincidence of basin restriction, limited clastic input, availability of organic matter and water column anoxia. The observation that there are few documented examples of chert deposits younger than ca 700 Ma, prior to the Cambrian explosion, suggests that although silica budgets within marine basins probably remained high prior to the evolution of silica‐secreting organisms, direct precipitation from sea water was restricted. This is tentatively related to the gradual increase in alkalinity of sea water through the Palaeo‐Proterozoic and Meso‐Proterozoic, such that silica precipitation could only occur through the coincidence of basin anoxia and low siliciclastic input. 相似文献
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泥质岩有机质的赋存状态及其对泥质岩封盖能力的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
应用荧光显微镜法,首次对济阳坳陷下第三系泥质岩中有机质的赋存状态进行了研究。下第三系泥质岩有机质的赋存状态可划分为顺层富集型、分散型和局部富集型等三种类型。有机质呈顺层富集型分布的泥质岩,其有机质丰度大多较高,主要沉积于半深湖-深湖相中。有机质呈分散型分布的泥质岩,其有机质丰度变化范围较大,大多形成在河流-三角洲相、滨-浅湖相或浊流沉积中。结合部分揭示泥质岩封盖能力的定量分析数据,下第三系泥质岩可概括出以下三种不同的组合特点:①泥质岩中有机质丰度高且有机质呈顺层富集型状态赋存时,泥质岩封盖能力差;② 泥质岩有机质丰度高且有机质呈分散型状态赋存时,泥质岩具有一定的封盖能力;③ 泥质岩有机质丰度低且有机质呈分散型状态赋存时,泥质岩封盖能力较好,因此,泥质岩中有机质的赋存状态对泥质岩的封盖能力有着不可忽视的影响。在研究评价泥质岩对油气藏的封盖能力时可作为重要的依据之一。 相似文献
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定量评价盆地的烃源岩生烃潜力是油气勘探首先要解决的问题之一.采用多项有机质丰度、类型和成熟度指标定量或定性地分析了额济纳旗及邻区石炭系-二叠系烃源岩的生烃潜力,证实额济纳旗及邻区的石发系-二叠系发育了浅海陆棚相以泥页岩为主的烃源岩.研究表明,该区石炭系-二叠系的阿木山组、埋汗哈达组和哈尔苏海组3套烃源岩,厚度大,有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,热演化程度与构造活动、埋藏深度有关,多数有机质演化程度处于成熟阶段,显示区内石炭系-二叠系具有良好的油气资源前景. 相似文献
6.
James A. Davis 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(11):2381-2393
Natural organic matter is readily adsorbed by alumina and kaolinite in the pH range of natural waters. Adsorption occurs by complex formation between surface hydroxyls and the acidic functional groups of the organic matter. Oxides with relatively acidic surface hydroxyls, e.g. silica, do not react strongly with the organic matter. Under conditions typical for natural waters, almost complete surface coverage by adsorbed organic matter may be expected for alumina, hydrous iron oxides and the edge sites of aluminosilicates. Potentiometric titration and electrophoresis indicate that most of the acidic functional groups of the adsorbed organic matter are neutralized by protons from solution. The organic coating is expected to have a great influence on subsequent adsorption of inorganic cations and anions. 相似文献
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三塘湖盆地侏罗纪煤系烃源岩的热演化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用有机岩石学全岩分析方法,结合有机地球化学分析资料,以新疆三塘湖盆地侏罗纪煤系烃源岩的热演化进行了研究。三塘湖盆地侏罗纪煤系烃源岩的热演化既有共性,又有其特殊性,前者主要表现在镜质组反射率R、孢子体荧光参数（λmax、Q、I546）和分子地球化学参数上,它们均显示重要的热演化指示意义;后者主要表现在,热演化指标与现今埋深关系不大、热演化程度“同层相近”不同有机显微组分差异演化和有机质热演化具有阶段性等方面。在此基础上,初步建立了三塘湖盆地侏罗纪煤系烃源岩的成烃模式。 相似文献
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V. G. Kuznetsov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,441(2):1633-1636
Two branches of silica rockevolution related to oceans and continental blocks have been outlined. The boundaries of changes
in types of silica rocks, their formation, and development of the organic world were established: (i) the beginning of the
Phanerozoic was related to transformation from microbial to biogenic silica deposition (or to a change in the influence of
microbial activity on silica accumulation); (ii) cessation of the formation of cherts enriched in organic matter, which was
synchronized with land colonization by organisms in the Devonian, and (iii) an explosive style of global silica accumulation
related to the appearance and development of diatoms, which correlates with appearance of angiosperm plants in tropical forests. 相似文献
9.
碳酸盐岩中有机质组成特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对碳酸盐岩有机质组分进行分类时，有两种分类标准，一是主要采用煤岩学方法，二是采用孢粉学研究方法。本文使用煤岩学方法作为标准，对碳酸盐岩有机质的组成特征进行分析。按有机质来源和有机组分光性和形态等方面差别划分为内源有机质、次生有机质和陆源有机质三类。内源有机质类中分腐泥组和动物有机组，前者主要来源于菌藻类，后者则主要来源于浮游动物有机体；次生有机质中区分出微粒体、有机包裹体、沥青；陆源有机质类分类术语仍沿用煤显微组分分类系统和术语。碳酸盐岩烃源岩的有机质主要为腐泥型，有机质来源以低等藻类为主，且有机质组成特征与碳酸盐岩烃源岩的地质年代有关。碳酸盐岩还存在着差异演化的特征。 相似文献
10.
两种侏罗系煤的油气生成定量对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在加水热模拟条件下通过对不同有机质类型煤的生油气特征及其演化的对比研究,校正模拟实验的Ro,建立了油气生成的定量数学模型。研究认为,煤的油气生成特征与其有机质类型和演化阶段有关:高碳煤的有机碳含量变化不明显,甚至有增加的趋势,不必恢复其有机质丰度;低碳煤的有机碳含量随演化程度的增加而降低,但幅度不大,对其有机碳含量可适当恢复。煤的生油量大小与其有机质类型的好坏成正比,气油比则与有机质类型、成熟程度有密切的关系。在高过成熟阶段,有机质类型越好,气油比越高,气态烃生成量越大;而有机质类型越差,气油比越低,气态烃生成量越小。 相似文献
11.
Marine strata are widely exposed in the Hushan and Chaohu areas, Lower Yangtze region. As biomarker geochemistry of the strata has not been well documented, this paper deals with the biomarker composition of representative samples collected from the Silurian, Carboniferous and Triassic systems and their geological implications, thus providing clues to marine organic matter. On the basis of experimental results, it is shown that abundant biomarkers (e.g. n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes) were detected. As organic matter in the strata is highly to over mature in general based on petrologic microobservation, some biomarkers (mainly n-alkanes) except terpanes and steranes cannot reflect the source, depositional environment and maturity of organic matter. Thus, primarily based on analyses of the terpanes and steranes, it is suggested that organic matter in the Silurian and Carboniferous strata is derived mainly from lower organisms, while higher plants are predominant in the Triassic organic matter. This further indicates that the depositional environment may have transformed from the marine to continental facies in the Late Triassic. These results provide new evidence for the study of regional depositional evolution, and have enriched the study of biological composition of organic matter. In addition, the biomarker geochemistry of organic matter at high to over maturation stage is addressed. 相似文献
12.
The enclosed organic matter chiefly releases lower carbon-number n-alkanes under high temperature and high pressure,while the kerogen mainly produces higher carbon-number n-alkanes.The rsidual hydrocarbons generated by both kerogen and enclosed organic matter in the Tieling limestone contain abundant tricyclic terpanes,pentacyclic triterpanes and steranes,but the contents of tetracyclic terpanes and 25-norhopane are lower.The residual enclosed orgainc matter shows the same distribution characteristics of n-alkanes,steranes and terpanes as that of the original bitumaen A,i.e.,the higher contents of triterpanes and tetracyclic terpanes,the higher ratios of 25-norhopanes over regular hopanes and markedly degraded steranes.By comparing the residual hydrocarbon.residual enclosed orgainc matter and original enclosed orgainc matter.it can be concluded that steranes and terpanes in the residual hydrocarbons are produced mainly by the kerogen and subordinately by the residual enclosed organic matter,the steranes and terpanes do not enter into the residual enclosed organic matter,and the thermal evolution of the residual enclosed organic matter maintains its unique character.Furthermore,pressure retards the pyrolysis of higher carbon-number alkanes and influences the isomerization ratios of C29-steranes,making 20S/(20S 20R) lower under the higher pressure than that under lower pressure,Higher pressure retards the thermal evolution of organic matter. 相似文献
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龙马溪组页岩不同显微形态有机质成因及其勘探潜力探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
有机质是页岩中最重要的组分,有机孔更是页岩气重要的储集空间,以扫描电镜为主流的微观分析检测技术成为页岩研究的重要手段,目前对有机质的综合研究正逐步成为页岩气勘探开发研究的重要内容。本次研究选取四川盆地及其外围龙马溪组富有机质页岩,采用氩离子抛光非镀膜样品,利用低电压近距离工作状态,对样品进行了高分辨率场发射扫描电镜检测,观察、总结了有机质显微形态,并依据其内部结构及组成特征对其生烃及储集能力进行了探讨。检测结果揭示:龙马溪组富有机质页岩中有机质主要有三种显微形态,分别是结构型沉积有机质、分异型交生有机质和填隙型运移有机质。结构型沉积有机质形成于沉积及早期成岩演化阶段,保留了部分生物结构特征或沉积定向构造;分异型交生有机质与黏土矿物交互生长并经历演化分异作用,形成了类似于岩浆岩中的“花岗结构”;而填隙型运移有机质形成于晚成岩有机质高演化阶段,为液态烃充填于自生矿物晶间,其周边矿物具有自形特征。龙马溪组页岩以填隙型运移有机质和分异型交生有机质为主,二者都发育丰富的有机质孔隙(孔径10~300nm),是龙马溪组页岩优质的生气母质,并具有优质的储集性能。研究结果为我国海相龙马溪组页岩气生成理论及勘探开发评价提供了较深层次的微观信息。 相似文献
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在中国南方中扬子地区早寒武世早期,沉积了一套黑色碳质页岩、碳硅质页岩、黑色粉砂质页岩,分布范围广,厚度大,有机碳含量高,属于腐泥型为主的有机质类型,为中国南方海相区域主力烃源岩之一.为了认清该套烃源岩的形成环境,通过对岩石学特征、沉积相的变化、台-盆转化的研究并结合一些地球化学指标分析了该地区在转折期古环境发生的变化,初步探讨了下寒武统这套主力优质烃源岩的形成背景,提出了一个热水活动-上升洋流-缺氧事件复合模式,即为在地壳拉张背景下,热液活动与上升洋流共同作用造成生物产率提高,水体缺氧,使得有机质大量埋藏并得以保存,构成了在中扬子克拉通上和东南边缘重要的下寒武统优质烃源岩. 相似文献
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以NGN1井全取芯井为标杆,通过岩芯观察、地球化学分析和显微组分镜下鉴定,揭示青山口组一段的有机质演化规律。NGN1钻井位于松辽盆地东南缘,青一段由底至顶分别为灰绿色泥质粉砂岩-深灰色泥岩、油页岩-灰色泥岩-灰绿色粉砂质泥岩沉积,揭示了由滨浅湖-半深湖-滨浅湖的沉积环境演化。TOC、S2、含油率以及HI呈现增大-高值-减小的趋势,而半焦含量和块状密度则呈相反的变化趋势。青一段泥岩中主要的有机质显微组分为层状藻、孢子体和骨屑等,有机质含量与单位面积显微组分、藻类相对含量均呈明显的正相关,并结合有机质判别图解,说明有机质类型主要为I型和II1型,来源以湖泊藻类为主。泥岩中的陆源有机质含量较少,说明湖泊生物控制着有机质的来源,浅湖由于水体较浅、水底含氧,保存条件较差,导致泥岩中的有机质丰度较低,半深湖-深湖水体较深,保存条件良好,促进有机质的富集,因此垂向上沉积环境演化是导致有机质变化的主要因素。 相似文献
17.
<正>伴随非常规油气资源的勘探开发,油气资源开采的广度和深度进一步扩大,一定程度上缓解了我国油气供需矛盾、保障了我国能源安全,同时有力推动了能源结构战略转型。但同时也对能源地质研究工作提出了新的挑战。有机质成熟度是油气评价的重要参数之一,不同成熟阶段的有机质会对应产出不同成因、不同性质、不同质量的油气,如何准确评价沉积有机质成熟度是当前油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一。前人在科研实践工作中从光学、化学、谱学等角度提出了适用条件各异的成熟度评价方法,在部分地质环境中获得了良好的应用效果,但已有的成熟度指标多受测定方法原理的制约导致其适用性不同程度受限(肖贤明等,2020),制约了油气资源的高质量勘探开发。 相似文献
18.
地史过程中烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力变化的模拟计算 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
在同时考察源岩中有机质因生、排烃而损失和无机质因成岩作用而失重的基础上，模拟计算了地史过程中，随有机质类型、初始有机质丰度、成熟度及排烃效率的改变，烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力的变化，探讨了有机碳恢复系数及生烃潜力损失率的可能变化范围。结果表明，地史过程中，有机质生烃潜力和有机质丰度的变化主要取决于源岩的生、排烃效率，对性质偏差的有机质，有机质的实测丰度随演化程度的增高不降反升；而对位于高成熟阶段的优质有机质，有机碳的恢复系数可达2以上；随有机质类型变好和成熟度升高，生烃潜力损失率增高；一般情况下，有机质生烃潜力的恢复幅度比有机质丰度的恢复大得多。 相似文献
19.
运用镜质组反射率、袍子体荧光参数、生物标志物参数详细研究了三塘湖盆地中生界烃源岩的有机质热演化特征及演化阶段。研究表明镜质组反射率是该区有机质热汪化最可靠听成熟度参数，孢子体荧光参数是重要的热演化指标，生物标志物参数是有效的热演化指标。三塘湖盆地有机质总体热演化水平较低，且在横向和纵向上存在明显的差异。该区的有机质热演化具有明显的阶段性，运用成熟度参数将其划分为未成熟和成熟两个阶段。 相似文献
20.
Philippe Bertrand 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(8):521-528
The evolution of the atmospheric CO2 content is partly a response to the lack of balance between oceanic sedimentation and continental weathering, because the oceanic C reservoir tends to balance net inputs or losses from slow processes by rapid exchanges with the atmospheric reservoir. This response strongly depends on both amplitudes and time scales of the related processes. At Milankovitch or lower time scales, global models generally do neglect organic matter fossilisation, but such an assumption is only valid for oligotrophic systems. In eutrophic or mesotrophic systems, organic matter is not negligible and should be considered relatively to the carbonate sedimentation in order to know whether the impact of the sedimentation was a source or a sink for atmospheric CO2. To cite this article: P. Bertrand, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 521–528. 相似文献