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1.
Raymond V. Ingersoll 《Sedimentary Geology》1978,21(3):205-230
The Upper Cretaceous part of the Great Valley Sequence provides a unique opportunity to study deep-marine sedimentation within an arc-trench gap. Facies analysis delineates submarine fan facies similar to those described from other ancient basins. Fan models and facies of Mutti and Ricci-Lucchi allow reconstruction of the following depositional environments: basin plain, outer fan, midfan, inner fan, and slope. Basin plain deposits are characterized by hemipelagic mudstone with randomly interbedded thin sandstone beds exhibiting distal turbidite characteristics. Outer fan deposits are characterized by regularly interbedded sandstone and mudstone, and commonly exhibit thickening-upward (negative) cycles that constitute depositional lobes. The sandstone occurs as proximal to distal turbidites without channeling. Midfan deposits are characterized by the predominance of coarse-grained, thick, channelized sandstone beds that commonly are amalgamated. Thinning-upward (positive) cycles and braided channelization also are common. Inner fan deposits are characterized by major channel-fill complexes (conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, and pebbly mudstone) enclosed in mudstone and siltstone. Positive cycles occur within these channel-fill complexes. Much of the fine-grained material consists of levee (overbank) deposits that are characterized by rhythmically interbedded thin mudstone and irregular sandstone beds with climbing and starved ripples. Slope deposits are characterized by mudstone with little interbedded sandstone; slumping and contortion of bedding is common. Progressions of fan facies associations can be described as retrogradational and progradational suites that correspond, respectively, to onlapping and offlapping relations in the basin. The paleoenvironments, fan facies associations, and tectonic setting of the Late Cretaceous fore-arc basin are similar to those of modern arc—trench systems. 相似文献
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Moutaz A. Al-Dabbas Jassim A. Al-Jassim Amanj I. Qaradaghi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4771-4783
The depositional facies and environments were unraveling by studying 21 subsurface sections from ten oilfields in the central and southern Iraq and a large number of thin sections of the Nahr Umr (siliciclastic deposit) Formation (Albian). This formation is mainly composed of sandstone interlaminated with minor siltstone and shale, with occurrence of thin limestone beds. Nahr Umr Formation is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units of variable thicknesses on the basis of lithological variations and log characters. Mineralogically and texturally, mature quartz arenite and sandstones are the common type of the Nahr Umr Formation. The sandstones are cemented by silica and calcite material and have had a complex digenetic history. Compaction, dissolution, and replacements are the main diagenetic processes. Prodelta, distal bar, distributary mouth bar, distributary channel, over bank, and tidal channel are the main depositional environments recognized for the Nahr Umr Formation, within the studied wells. This formation was deposited in shallow marine and fluvial–deltaic environments and exhibit progradational succession of facies. Eight sedimentary facies that have been identified in the Nahr Umr Formation include claystone lithofacies, claystone siltstone lithofacies, lenticular-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, wavy-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, flaser-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, parallel and cross lamination sandstone lithofacies, trough cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies, and planar cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies. The depositional model of the Nahr Umr Formation environment was built based on the lithofacies association concepts. 相似文献
4.
The 2.6 Ga Keskarrah Formation, located in the central Slave Province, Northwest Territories, Canada, is a late-orogenic, tectonically controlled sedimentary sequence that developed under unusual climatic and depositional conditions. The formation is adjacent to the crustal-scale, north-trending Beniah Lake Fault and overlies the 3.15 Ga Augustus Granite, the 2.69–2.7 Ga mafic volcanic Peltier Formation and the turbiditic Contwoyto Formation unconformably. Principal lithofacies in the Keskarrah Formation include conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone–sandstone. The conglomerate lithofacies represents coalescing gravelly streamflow-dominated fan deltas adjacent to topographic highs. Up-section quartz-rich arenites and quartz arenites of the sandstone lithofacies are interpreted to be shallow-water shoreface deposits influenced by wave action and tides. The overlying feldspathic litharenites of the siltstone–sandstone lithofacies are consistent with a lower shoreface to proximal offshore environment dominated by wave and tide interaction. Tidal influence in both sandstone-dominated lithofacies is inferred from the presence of mudstone laminae between bedforms and on foresets of cross-beds, as well as from abundant reactivation surfaces with local mudstone drapes. Intense chemical weathering during the Archaean, resulting from elevated atmospheric
levels, higher temperatures and moist climatic conditions, played an important role in the development of quartz-rich arenites that appear to be first-cycle deposits. Few lithic fragments and feldspar grains are preserved due to in-situ host rock weathering, chemical weathering during transport and wave and tide action. Hydraulic sorting and abrasion in the shoreface environment contributed to the continued breakdown and transport of labile minerals. Increased proportions of lithic fragments in sandstone beds of the conglomerate lithofacies are the result of shorter transport distances from source areas to the depositional environment. Abundant conglomerate with up to 4-m large granitic boulders derived from the adjacent Augustus Granite and mafic clasts from the Peltier Formation indicate high relief and fault-related uplift and subsidence. The intimate association of fan deltas and wave- and tide-influenced shallow-marine deposits in association with quartz-rich sandstones forming in a high-relief area make the Keskarrah Formation remarkable in the rock record. 相似文献
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针对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷夏子街地区百口泉组砂砾岩储层,通过岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光及定量统计分析等,对研究区岩石学特征、储集物性、成岩作用特征及差异性表征、储层控制因素进行了详细的研究。结果表明:研究区可识别出扇三角洲平原和扇三角洲前缘两个亚相类型。并总结出杂基支撑中砾岩相、杂基支撑细砾岩相、颗粒支撑中砾岩相、颗粒支撑细砾岩相、砾质砂岩相、含砾砂岩相、粗砂岩相、中砂岩相、细砂岩相、粉砂岩相及泥岩相11种岩相类型以及6种岩相组合类型。储集空间主要为长石、岩屑颗粒及杂基溶蚀形成的次生孔隙,孔隙度主要分布在2.5%~21.2%,平均7.94%,渗透率主要分布在（0.01~982）×10-3 μm2,平均为5.6×10-3 μm2,属于低孔低渗储层。研究区发育压实、胶结、溶解等成岩作用类型,共划分出8种成岩相。岩相和成岩相共同控制储层物性。扇三角洲平原泥石流沉积储层以杂基支撑中砾岩、杂基支撑细砾岩、中砂岩相和细砂岩相为主,压实作用强,杂基含量高,胶结作用与溶蚀作用弱,储集性能差,扇三角洲前缘分流河道储层以颗粒支撑中砾岩、颗粒支撑细砾岩、含砾砂岩和粉砂岩相为主,成岩作用复杂,相序底部压实较强,中部可见沸石与碳酸盐胶结,保留少量的原生粒间孔隙,并且不稳定岩屑颗粒和沸石胶结物通常发生溶解,形成次生孔隙,改善储层物性。 相似文献
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综合岩心观察、薄片鉴定、砂砾岩厚度及百分含量等资料,对东营凹陷北带沙四段砂砾岩的沉积特征、成因类型及沉积演化模式进行了系统研究。结果表明,东营凹陷北带沙四段砂砾岩储层中块状层理、粒序层理、平行层理、叠覆冲刷构造、交错层理发育,同时变形构造、泥岩撕裂屑、重荷模和火焰构造常见。碎屑颗粒表现为无分选-中等分选、棱角状-次棱角状到次圆状的近物源沉积特征。岩相类型以块状层理砾岩相、递变层理砾岩相、递变层理砂质砾岩相、交错层理砾质砂岩相、平行层理砾质砂岩相、块状层理砾质砂岩相、块状砂岩相、平行层理砂岩相、块状层理砂岩相、变形层理砂岩相、泥质撕裂变形砂岩相、薄层透镜状或压扁层理砂岩相为主。综合古地貌、砂砾岩沉积特征及沉积机制等,认为东营凹陷北带沙四段主要发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇和扇三角洲等成因类型的砂砾岩扇体。在沉积演化上,沙四下亚段沉积时期,胜坨地区和民丰地区发育近岸水下扇沉积,利津地区发育扇三角洲沉积,扇体规模较小,横向连续性较差;沙四上亚段沉积时期,胜坨地区和民丰地区广泛发育近岸水下扇-湖底扇沉积,利津西部地区发育扇三角洲沉积,扇体规模较大,横向连片发育。 相似文献
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The Pliocene to possibly Pleistocene uppermost Orubadi and Era Formations, southwest margin of the Papuan Peninsula, are interpreted as having been deposited in alluvial-fan, fan-delta and shallow-marine environments. The alluvial-fan facies consists primarily of lenticular, coarse-grained conglomerate (up to 2 m boulders) and cross-bedded and horizontally laminated sandstone. Conglomerate and sandstone were deposited in shallow fluvial channels and by overbank sheetfloods. The facies also contains thick mudflow diamictite and minor tuff and terrestrial mudstone. The shallow-marine and fan-delta facies, in contrast, consists of heterogeneously interbedded marine and terrestrial mudstone, sandstone, diamictite, conglomerate and limestone. Marine mudstone is calcareous, sandy, bioturbated, and contains marine shells. Limestone is mostly packstone that has a varied, open-marine fauna. Rare coral boundstone is also present. Marine sandstone is burrowed to bioturbated and is hummocky cross-stratified in places. Some marine mudstone contains sandstone pillows formed by loading of unconsolidated sand by storm waves. Other sandstone in the fan-delta facies is cross-bedded, lacks shells and was probably deposited by fluvial processes. Several conglomerate beds in the fan-delta facies are well sorted and imbricated and were also deposited by stream floods. The synorogenic Orubadi and Era Formations were deposited in a foreland basin formed from loading of the Papuan–Aure Fold and Thrust Belt on the edge of the Australian craton. Deformation in the fold and thrust belt was probably related to docking and compression of the Finisterre Terrane–Bismarck Arc against the New Guinea Orogen. The Era Formation interfingers with the reefal Wedge Hill Limestone in which reef facies likely grew on a deforming anticline. Era Formation siliciclastics were sourced from volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks that were uplifted in the orogen to the northeast. Volcanic sediment was derived mostly from a then-active volcanic arc likely related to southward subduction at the Trobriand Trough. 相似文献
9.
豫西济源中三叠世油房庄组下部发育曲流河沉积,以细砂、粉砂和粉砂质泥岩为主,局部含泥砾和粗砂岩。根据Miall的岩相分类法,油房庄组发育有17种岩相,主要有Sts、Sps、Sws、Fh、Fr、Fc、Ch和Cr等,可归纳为代表曲流河不同发展阶段的7种岩相组合类型。根据岩相类型和沉积构造特征,曲流河沉积识别出3个沉积亚相和8个沉积微相,其中河道亚相包括河道滞留沉积微相和边滩沉积微相;堤岸亚相包括天然堤沉积微相和决口扇沉积微相;洪泛平原亚相由近端洪泛平原沉积微相、远端洪泛平原沉积微相、永久性河漫湖泊微相和暂时性河漫湖泊微相组成。研究区河流曲率P为0.64,属于低弯度曲流河沉积。 相似文献
10.
酒西盆地下白垩统下沟组重力流水下扇沉积 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
重力流水下扇由四种岩相组成:1.砾岩相,属水下碎屑流沉积;2.砾质泥岩相,是多成因的;3.砂岩相,系高密度浊流沉积;4.粉砂岩泥岩相,为低密度浊流和正常湖泊沉积。细分为十五种亚相。岩相的空间配置关系表明水下扇是由突变性洪水事件(和水下滑坡)-水下碎屑流-高密度浊流-低密度浊流的重力流系列形成。本文对重力流沉积从层序结构、沉积体形态、岩相变化和构造控制诸方面进行了探讨。 相似文献
11.
A. H. M. Ahmad A. F. Khan S. M. Wasim 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(2):181-189
The study deals with the depositional environment of Jumara Dome sediments. The Jumara Dome is an important outcrop of Bathonian to Oxfordian sediments amongst the Kachchh Mainland exposures. On the basis of facies analysis three associations have been documented, namely, G-1 consisting of low energy facies comprising of cross-bedded sandstone, massive sandstone, grey shale and thin bedded sandstone, bioclastic — lithoclastic grainstone, bioclastic — lithoclastic packstone, microbioclastic packstone/wackestone, bioturbated laminated wackestone to mudstone and pelagic lime mudstone; G-II consisting of moderate energy facies comprising of laminated sandstone and grapestone or agglutinated grainstone; G-III consisting of high energy facies comprising of interbedded gypsiferous shale and sandstone/siltstone, oolitic grainstone to conglomerate and bioclastic grainstone. The facies associations reflect an ideal shallowing upward sequence representing slope, bioclast bar, lagoon and inner shelf. Presence of wide range of facies indicates that the rocks of the studied area were deposited during the fluctuating sea level, interrupted by the storms, in the shallow marine environment. 相似文献
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准噶尔西北缘玛北地区扇三角洲砂砾岩岩相分类及储集意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系处于大型逆冲推覆断裂带,盆地边缘同生断裂构造活动强烈,发育砂砾岩为主的扇三角洲沉积体系。通过对玛北地区三叠系百口泉组砂砾岩储层取芯段岩芯观察和描述、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、测井以及储层物性数据的分析,结合砂砾岩岩石构成、层理类型、沉积层序和测井曲线响应特征,对准噶尔盆地西北缘砂砾岩体岩性进行精细刻画,建立岩相模式,划分出同沉积相(微相)相符的11种岩相:其中扇三角洲前缘水下河道砂砾岩相、扇三角洲平原辫状河道砂砾岩相叠置连片展布,是最有利的储集体;扇三角洲前缘水下主河道砾岩相、水下河道末端砂岩相及河口坝—远砂坝砂岩相分布局限,储集性良好,为有利"甜点"区;水上泥石流砾岩相和水下泥石流砂砾岩相与扇三角洲平原和前缘分流河道间储集性较差的细粒砂泥岩相组成百口泉组油藏致密的顶底板;前扇三角洲粉砂岩相和泥岩相可作为良好的区域性盖层。不同的岩相类型及沉积条件提供了准噶尔西北缘百口泉组大规模低渗透岩性油气藏优良的储盖组合及顶底板条件。 相似文献
13.
北大巴山志留系滔河口组火山碎屑岩相序、组构特征及古火山作用环境分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
志留系滔河口组是一套发育于北大巴山地区的火山岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合。在1:10000地质填图和大比例地质剖面实测基础上,通过详细的火山碎屑岩相序和组构分析,本文在滔河口组火山-地层中共识别和划分出22个岩相,5个相组合类型。区域岩相测量与对比揭示,滔河口组火山-沉积宏观序列自下而上由玄武岩相(一般下部为块状粗粒/细粒玄武岩相、上部为枕状玄武岩相)、凝灰角砾岩相、再沉积富辉石火山碎屑砾岩相、无结构或叠瓦状凝灰质粗砾岩相、凝灰质砂岩相、生物灰岩相或泥岩相构成。岩相组合横向变化显示滔河口组古火山活动西强东弱,火山活动类型为斯托柏林型(Strombolian-type eruption)喷发。相对地,研究区西部火山-沉积序列发育较为完整。滔河口组的地层序列与岩石组合与板内火山活动产物相似,本文认为北大巴山地区志留系滔河口组火山岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合形成于洋岛或海山构造环境,是板内拉伸作用的产物。 相似文献
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The Uhangri Formation forms part of the Cretaceous sedimentary sequence deposited in a series of inland basins in the south-western Korean Peninsula. It comprises an approximately 400-m-thick epiclastic sequence of conglomerate, (gravelly) sandstone, cherty mudstone and black shale. The entire sequence can be represented by 16 distinctive sedimentary facies organized into four facies associations. Facies association I is characterized by thick homogeneous brownish siltstone, wedge-shaped disorganized conglomerate and thinly interlayered gravelly sandstone units. The siltstone units were formed by large floods submerging the alluvial fan fringe (floodplain), whereas the conglomerate and gravelly sandstone units were deposited by sheetfloods and debris flows. Facies association II consists of stratified conglomerate — gravelly sandstone, laminated sandstone and sandstone/siltstone couplets which form fining-upward cycles. Some facies units are low-angle trough cross-bedded and show broad channel geometries. This association represents subaqueous delta lobes fed by high- and low-concentration turbidity currents in the distal delta realm. Facies association III is characterized, by wedged conglomerate and gravelly sandstone facies with interfingered massive sandstone bounded by scoured bases. It represents a delta front where distributary channels and mouth bars are dominant. Facies association IV consists of laterally continuous sequence of laminated black shale, crudely stratified sandstone and convoluted sandstone/cherty mudstone. This facies association is suggestive of depositional processes controlled by chemical equilibrium resulting from an interaction between density inflows and lake water. The cherty mudstone resulted from inorganic precipitation from siliceous solution provided by acidic volcanism. The Uhangri sequence generally shows a fining-upward trend with a transition from alluvial fan fringe, coarse-grained subaqueous delta, to shallow lake. The retrogradation was probably due to continuous subsidence related to continental rifting in the oblique-slip mobile zone. 相似文献
15.
为阐明红山嘴地区三叠系克下组沉积相类型与特征,利用岩心、测井录井、粒度等资料,采用岩石学特征分析、岩心特征观察、岩相划分与垂向序列分析等多种手段和方法,对克下组沉积环境和沉积序列进行了深入研究。结果表明:研究区克下组以砾岩、粗砂岩及粉砂质泥岩为主,成熟度低,粒度范围大;识别出8种典型岩相,3类岩相组合;确定克下组为辫状河沉积,发育辫状河道、心滩、漫溢、泛滥平原4种沉积微相;最后,建立了该区克下组受洪流控制的近源间歇性强水动力辫状河沉积模式,为红山嘴地区克下组油气储层的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
16.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩主要分布于子长县寺湾和横山县庙沟等地区,位于长一段上部。岩石类型包括:块状砂岩,近基的中细粒砂岩,远基的粉砂岩及细砂岩,不规则砂、泥岩互层和深湖相泥岩。据岩石组合类型将该浊积扇划分为上扇和中扇,其沉积序列为向上粒度变粗、砂层变厚的进积型浊积扇沉积序列。根据底部印模构造指向,物源区大致位于研究区的北东。本文总结了浊积扇的演化,探讨了该浊积扇的发现对于认识区域构造背景及油气勘探的意义。 相似文献
17.
The north-western part of the Cretaceous Kyongsang Basin, south-east Korea, comprises alluvial deposits of conglomerate, gravelly sandstone, sandstone and mudstone which can be grouped into four allomembers bounded by stratigraphic discontinuities. The discontinuities trend NW–SE and are marked by distinct facies transitions, abrupt emplacement of conglomerate and thin but persistent mudstone beds. Sedimentary facies and architectural analyses reveal that each allomember formed a depositional system of fluvial channel networks draining toward the south-east with alluvial fans on the northern margin. Each allomember can be characterized by distinctive architecture of channel-fills, clast composition of conglomerate and sandstone/mudstone ratio. Successive units show an eastward shift in the locus of deposition, suggesting basinward relocations of alluvial systems. Such variations with time and space are interpreted to reflect changes in accommodation space and sediment supply during basin evolution, probably caused by fault movements. This study shows that detailed mapping, combined with architectural analysis, and the establishment of alluvial allostratigraphy can help assess changes in alluvial systems and structural development of the basin. 相似文献
18.
高精度层序地层格架在扇三角洲体系储层精细对比中的应用--以泌阳凹陷赵凹油田为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于扇三角洲体系具有相变快、相带窄、多物源等特点,导致扇三角洲砂体储层的精细对比十分困难.根据地震、钻井等资料,建立了高精度层序地层格架,提出了以5级层序为框架、以点物源为中心的储层精细对比思路.赵凹油田储层精细对比研究表明,扇三角洲砂体的沉积类型明显受控于沉积体系域,湖扩张体系域以扇三角洲前缘河口坝和水下水道砂体为主,局部发育泥石流沉积;高水位体系域以三角洲平原辫状水道砂体为主.扇三角洲砂体的岩性、厚度及其分布明显受点物源的控制,在不同物源砂体的叠置区,根据主物源方向、砂体展布形态及岩性差异可以有效地区分出不同物源的砂体,并进行单砂层的对比. 相似文献
19.
C. W. Kwon S.-I. Park J. Park J.-H. Oh B. C. Kim 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):865-880
Sedimentological characteristics and zircon provenance dating of the Babulu Formation in the Fohorem area, Timor-Leste, provide new insights into depositional process, detailed sedimentary environment and the distribution of source rocks in the provenance. Detrital zircon sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb ages range from Neoarchean to Triassic, with the main age pulses being Paleozoic to Triassic. In addition, the maximum deposition ages based on the youngest major age peak (ca 256–238 Ma) of zircon grains indicate that the basal sedimentation of the Babulu Formation occurred after the early Upper Triassic. The formation consists predominantly of mudstone with minor sandstone, limestone and conglomerate that were deposited in a deep marine environment. These deposits are composed of six lithofacies that can be grouped into three facies associations (FAs) based on the constituent lithofacies and bedding features: basin plain deposits (FA I), distal fringe lobe deposits (FA II) and medial to distal lobe deposits (FA III). The predominance of mudstone (FA I) together with intervening thin-bedded sandstones (FA II) suggest that the paleodepositional environment was a low energy setting with slightly basin-ward input of the distal part of the depositional lobes. Discrete and abrupt occurrences of thick-bedded sandstone (FA III) within the FA I mudstone suggests that sandstone originated from a collapse of upslope sediments rather than a progressive progradation of deltaic turbidites. This combined petrological and geochronological study demonstrates that the Babulu Formation in the Fohorem area of the Timor-Leste was initiated as a submarine lobe system in a relatively deep marine environment during the Upper Triassic and represents the extension of the Gondwana Sequence at the Australian margin. 相似文献
20.
内蒙古西乌旗下二叠统寿山沟组海底扇的发现及意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西乌珠穆沁旗地区下二叠统寿山沟组沉积环境的认识尚缺乏确凿证据.对塔宾庙林场剖面寿山沟组的研究认为是一套海相碎屑岩沉积,岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,发育粒序层理和平行层理,属于鲍马序列中的A和B段,并伴有Zoophycos相遗迹化石组合,属于海底扇沉积.根据岩石类型、砂岩的单层厚度、砂岩和泥岩的比值,划分出内扇、中扇、外扇3个亚相,内扇亚相发育水道砾岩,外扇亚相发育复理石相遗迹化石.该区寿山沟组厚层暗色泥岩,是良好的烃源岩,而扇体可以作为有效的储层,具有很好的油气勘探前景. 相似文献