共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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30年来青海三江源生态系统格局和空间结构动态变化 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
在多期遥感图像支持下,通过对生态系统类型进行辨识,获得了三江源地区生态系统类型空间分布数据集,并在此基础上分析了20世纪70年代中后期以来青海三江源地区生态系统格局和空间结构的动态变化。结果表明:30年来三江源地区生态系统格局稳定少动,生态系统类型变化相对缓慢,农田、森林、草地、水体与湿地和荒漠生态系统的年变化速率均小于0.5%,是长江、黄河流域乃至全国各区域生态系统转类变幅最小的稳定少动区。20世纪70年代中后期以来三江源地区生态系统类型的转变主要发生在草地和水体与湿地生态系统上,草地生态系统的变化主要发生在中部和东部地区,水体与湿地生态系统的变化主要发生在广大西部和北部地区。 相似文献
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基于中国土地利用/覆被遥感分类系统,利用1970年代中后期、1980年代末、2004年和2008年4期遥感图像分析三江源自然保护区近30a来土地覆被类型面积变化、转类途径与幅度及各保护区各圈层转类指数变化特征,结果表明:近30a来,草地总面积经历了一个增加-减少-增加的过程。自然保护区1970年代中后期至1980年代末和1980年代末至2004年土地覆被类型变化主要是草地覆盖度下降,土地覆被总体上具有转差趋势。近4a来草地退化趋势得到遏制,大部分的保护区和内部各圈层土地覆被都有转好趋势,可能与《规划》实施有关。 相似文献
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全球变暖背景下青藏高原三江源地区植被指数(NDVI)时空变化特征探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地学报》2021,(4)
深入探讨近期三江源地区植被覆盖度随全球气候变暖的时空变化过程对三江源国家公园与生态文明建设具有重要意义。已有研究从不同视角对三江源地区生态环境变化进行了探讨,但对三江源地区复杂的地理环境以及全球变暖背景下的生态系统变化及其影响研究仍显薄弱,特别是对近期气候变暖对植被覆盖程度变化的影响研究更为缺乏。本文利用NASA官方网站下载的2006—2015年十年的植被NDVI数据产品,分析了三江源地区地表植被十年的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:(1)三江源地区植被NDVI具有显著的季节变化特征,年变化呈现出波动并且有微弱上升的趋势,三江源地区植被覆盖整体呈现趋好的态势;(2)植被覆盖度的空间变化表现出在三江源地区的东、南部较好、西北部较差的状况;(3)植被覆盖度的趋好变化主要受夏季主导,这和气候变暖、区域降水增加有关,与夏季土壤湿度增大有显著关系,但"整体趋好、局部恶化"的状况仍不容忽视。本研究可为揭示三江源地区植被覆盖度的变化过程与变化规律和生态修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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近30年来三江源地区土地覆被与宏观生态变化特征 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
利用1970年代中后期MSS图像和1980年代末、2004年以及2008年三期TM图像并结合野外调查,获得三江源地区四期土地覆被空间数据集,提出了土地覆被转类指数和土地覆被状况指数,以表征该区域生态变化的趋势。通过计算土地覆被转类途径和幅度、土地覆被转类指数和土地覆被状况指数,分析青海三江源地区1970年代中后期以来土地覆被时空变化特征及其反映的宏观生态状况变化。结果表明:三江源地区近30年平均土地覆被状况指数为38.20,土地覆被状况为4级,其中黄河流域最好,其次为澜沧江流域,长江流域最差;三江源地区土地覆被转类,在1970s~1990s和1990s~2004年两个时段,均主要以高生态级别向低生态级别转移为主,2004~2008年时段,主要以低生态级别向高生态级别转移为主;由土地覆被状况指数变化率和土地覆被转类指数,可以反映出近30年来三江源地区土地覆被和宏观生态状况,总体上经历了变差(1970s~1990s时段土地覆被状况指数变化率Zc为-0.63,土地覆被转类指数LCCI为-0.58)—显著变差(1990s~2004时段Zc为-0.94,LCCI为-1.76)—略有好转(2004~2008时段Zc为0.06,LCCI为0.33)的变化过程。这一变化过程前、中期主要受到气候变化和草地载畜压力共同驱动的影响,后期则叠加了生态建设工程的驱动作用。 相似文献
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近30 a玛曲县土地利用/覆盖变化监测 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
以1975年的MSS数据,1990年和2005年的TM数据,以及2000年的ETM数据为信息源,在GIS技术的支持下,对玛曲地区的土地利用/覆盖变化进行了监测。研究发现：从1975年到2005年的30 a间,该地区的生态环境呈现出严重的退化趋势,其中沼泽地和林地面积持续减少,沙地面积在1975年到2000年之间呈增加趋势,但从2000—2005年面积大幅度减少。草场退化现象严重,高覆盖度草地减少,裸土地面积增加,建筑用地面积大幅度增加。应用转移矩阵对不同地类之间的相互转换研究发现：高覆盖度草地主要转变为中、低覆盖度草地,沼泽地主要转变为高、中、低覆盖度类型的草地。玛曲环境退化受到自然环境和人类活动的双重影响,气温升高,降水量减少和过渡放牧是导致该地区生态环境退化的主要因素。 相似文献
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依据1971-2010年地面观测气象数据,计算了三江源地区湿润指数。利用经验正交函数分解（EOF）和偏相关系数,对近40 a三江源地区干湿状况变化的时空特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:三江源地区干湿状况的变化在其北部与南部、东部与西部间存在明显反相位变化特征。北部和东部的部分区域分别在20世纪90年代和21世纪后表现出气候湿润化趋势,其余大部地区的持续干旱化趋势始于20世纪80年代初,其中南部与西部变干趋势显著,其湿润指数线性趋势率达到-8%/10 a。虽然三江源地区干湿状况主要决定于降水量和相对湿度的变化,但20世纪90年代中期后气温的显著上升,使得气温也成为关键的影响因子之一,即使在降水明显增加的背景下,也引起三江源主体区域湿润指数的明显下降。气候变暖情景下,北部和东部地区在近十几年暖湿化趋势明显,其余大部地区表现为不同程度的暖干化趋势。 相似文献
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近15年来长江黄河源区的土地覆被变化 总被引：63，自引：3，他引：60
基于长江黄河源区土地生态分类,利用1986年与2000年两期TM遥感数据的对比和野外实地调查,采用景观生态空间分布格局分析方法,从分布面积变化和类型转移趋向与幅度两方面,分析了江河源区近15年来土地生态系统的空间分布变化与演变格局,结果表明：高寒草地退化显著,较高覆盖度高寒草原与高寒草甸面积减少了15.82% 和5.15%,高寒沼泽草甸分布面积锐减了24.36%;湖泊水域萎缩了7.5%,以长江源区内流湖泊为主;土地荒漠化发展十分强烈,沙漠化土地面积扩展了17.11%,其中黄河源区沙漠化土地年平均扩展率达到1.83%。高寒草原草地的覆盖度下降与荒漠化、高寒草甸草地的覆盖度下降与草原化以及沼泽草甸草地的疏干旱化是区域土地生态系统空间演变的主要趋向,并由此改变了土地覆被的空间分布格局并使该区域生态环境持续恶化。 相似文献
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基于20 世纪70 年代中后期、90 年代初期、2004 年和2012年共4 期土地覆被数据,利用转移矩阵、土地覆被状况指数和土地覆被转类指数,对比分析了长江源区和黄河源区近30 a来土地覆被与生态状况的变化特征。结果表明：2012年草地是两源区最主要的土地覆被类型,但黄河源区的草地面积占比比长江源区高17%,同时,长江源区存在永久冰川雪地及荒漠,黄河源区没有;从土地覆被状况来看,过去30 a黄河源区优于长江源区,长江源区土地覆被状况指数平均为16.82%,黄河源区为38.84%;从土地覆被转类来看,过去30 a长江源区土地覆被总体变好,黄河源区则总体变差,在20世纪70年代中后期至90年代初、20世纪90年代初至2004年和2004~2012年3时段内,长江源区土地覆被经历了变差-好转-持续好转的变化过程,而黄河源区则是变差-显著变差-略有好转,且黄河源区土地覆被状况的变化程度较长江源区更为剧烈;长江源区因分布有大量的冰川、冻土,自20世纪90年代气温升高开始,冰川冻土融化,导致水体与沼泽面积扩张,后期叠加生态工程的积极影响,使得其土地覆被状况持续好转,黄河源区则因2004 年以来暖湿的气候状况及生态保护工程的实施,使得土地覆被退化趋势得到遏制并逐渐呈现转好态势。 相似文献
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伊犁河中下游近40年土地利用与覆被变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对跨界流域土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)信息十分有限,无法满足对环境变化评估需要的现状,本文以跨界流域——哈萨克斯坦境内伊犁河中下游为研究区,利用20世纪70年代的MSS、90年代的TM、2000年和2007年的ETM卫星遥感影像,采用目视解译与决策树相结合的分类方法,可较高精度提取研究区LUCC的时空信息,通过一套数理统计模型,定量分析了区域LUCC的过程和趋势。近40年来,高覆盖度林草地、中覆盖度林草地和耕地始终是伊犁河中下游地区所占比例最大的3种土地利用/覆被类型。整个研究时段内,耕地、水库坑塘和未利用地先增加后减少,其中耕地总体呈现减少的趋势,但减少幅度逐渐减小,水库坑塘和未利用地面积总体趋于增加。高覆盖度林草地和河流呈现出持续减少的态势,而建设用地面积持续增加。中覆盖度林草地、湖泊和沼泽先增加后减少,总体呈现增加趋势。低覆盖度林草地经历了减少—增加—减少的变化过程,总体呈现减少趋势。耕地和林草地相互转换频繁,其中耕地与高覆盖度林草地之间的转换和高、中覆盖度林草地之间的转换为区域内最主要的四种变化类型。1970-2007年间,伊犁河中下游地区土地利用始终处于准平衡状态,但有向不平衡状态发展的趋势。20世纪70年代卡普恰盖水库的建立和90年代初期的政策变化改变了原有变化的随机性和平稳性,使区域内相关土地利用/覆被发生显著变化。 相似文献
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Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s,TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004,grassland degradation in the＂Three-River Headwaters＂region （TRH region）was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series,then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were analyzed since the 1970s.The results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale,and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a whole.Grassland degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late 1970s.Since the 1970s,this degradation process has taken place continuously,obviously characterizing different rules in different regions.In humid and semi-humid meadow region,grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally＂black-soil-patch＂degraded grassland was formed.But in semi-arid and arid steppe region,the vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally desertification was formed.Because grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region,it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type,grade,scale and time process of grassland degradation. 相似文献
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Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s, TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004, grassland degradation in the “Three-River Headwaters” region (TRH region) was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series, then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were ana-lyzed since the 1970s. The results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale, and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a whole. Grassland degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late 1970s. Since the 1970s, this deg-radation process has taken place continuously, obviously characterizing different rules in different regions. In humid and semi-humid meadow region, grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously, and finally “black-soil-patch” degraded grassland was formed. But in semi-arid and arid steppe region, the vegetation coverage de-creased continuously, and finally desertification was formed. Because grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region, it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type, grade, scale and time process of grass-land degradation. 相似文献
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Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui 《地理学报》2014,24(2):288-302
The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR),which is the source area of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and Lancang River,is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities,ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore,"The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions" was established,and "The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve" was implemented by the Chinese government. This study,based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data,aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011,from three dimensions. Linear regression,Hurst index analysis,and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years (2000-2011),the NDVI of the study area increased,with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a,of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend,while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. (2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR,and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area,being 64.06% and 35.94%,respectively during the study period,and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. (4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future,degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River,while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. (5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag,while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. (6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. 相似文献
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LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):288-302
The Three-River Headwaters Region （TRHR）, which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological secu- rity of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation oc- curred in this region. Therefore, ＂The nature reserve of Three-River Sou,＇ce Regions＂ was established, and ＂The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve＂ was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following： （1） In the past 12 years （2000-2011）, the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. （2） Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. （3） The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. （4） The reverse characteristics of vegetation cov- erage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. （5） The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. （6） The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. 相似文献
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2000-2011 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
基于MODIS-NDVI 数据,辅以线性趋势分析、Hurst 指数及偏相关系数等方法,本文从三个尺度分析了近12 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征、未来趋势及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈现增加趋势,增速为1.2%/10a,其中长江源区、黄河源区植被均呈增加趋势,而澜沧江源区植被呈下降趋势。(2) 三江源区植被覆盖具有显著的区域差异,且NDVI频度呈现“双峰”结构。(3) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈增加趋势和减少趋势的面积分别占64.06%和35.94%,且表现为源区北部增加、南部减少的空间格局。(4) 三江源区植被变化的反向特征显著,植被变化由改善趋势转为退化趋势的区域主要分布在长江源区和黄河源区的北部,而由退化趋势转为改善趋势的区域主要分布在澜沧江源区。(5) 三江源区植被对降水和潜在蒸散的响应存在时滞现象,而对气温的响应不存在时滞现象。(6) 三江源区植被覆盖的增加主要归因于气候暖湿化以及生态保护工程的实施。 相似文献
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Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region,China 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR), China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%’. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region. 相似文献
18.
依据草地退化国家标准和黄河源区草地退化的实际情况,选取草地覆盖度、植株高度、地上生物量、牧草可食率、土壤有机质5个重要指标建立黄河源区玛多县草地植被退化监测和评价指标体系。利用遥感影像和GIS技术,结合实地调查和采样测定,对5个评价指标在遥感影像上进行反演,并进行图层的加权叠加,得出玛多县草地退化的时空特征。结果表明：玛多县草地在1994年已经出现了较为严重的退化现象,退化草地的空间分布格局已经基本形成,并且草地的退化过程一直在继续。2009年草地退化空间特征显示在气候变化较为敏感区域、河道两侧、鼠害严重以及靠近居民点等区域草地退化较为严重。通过对4期草地退化情况进行对比分析,发现1994-2001年间玛多草地植被退化情况最严重,重度退化面积高达1 355 943.30 hm2,占草地面积的86.53%。2001-2006年间和2006-2009年间重度退化、较大退化和中度退化草地的面积都下降较大,同时退化的速度已经有了较大缓和,黄河源头地区草地生态系统得到初步恢复 相似文献