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1.
Granites were shown to be excellent geochronological, structural and geodynamic markers. Among several generations of granites described in the Neoproterozoic of Ethiopia, we studied the post-tectonic Konso pluton to characterise the post-Pan-African evolution of the Mozambique Belt (MB) of southern Ethiopia. The Konso pluton is a composite intrusion of slightly peraluminous and ferro-potassic, bt (biotite)–leucogranites, bt–hbl (hornblende)–granites and subordinate coeval metaluminous monzodiorites, intruded into high-grade gneiss–migmatite associations of the MB. The whole suite displays chemical features of A-type granites. It is LIL- and HFS-elements enriched with Y/Nb and Yb/Ta1.2. The granites and leucogranites show non-fractionated to fractionated REE patterns [(La/Yb)N=0.3–9.4] with strong negative Eu anomalies. The monzodiorites show fractionated REE patterns [(La/Yb)N=5.5–7.4] with negligible negative Eu anomaly. The low initial (87Sr/86Sr)450 ratios (0.70113–0.70441) and positive Nd(450) values (+1.8 to +3.3) suggest an isotopically primitive source. The Konso granites are likely to be derived from a basaltic parent, with minor contamination by crustal material with high Y/Nb and low Sr initial isotopic ratios. Age of pluton emplacement is constrained by a Rb–Sr isochron and zircon U–Pb data at 449±2 Ma. The Konso pluton is, therefore, the witness of an Ordovician A-type magmatic event, which marks a change from convergence, related to the Pan-African collision, to extension in the Mozambique Belt of southern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

2.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1103-1120
The Malani Igneous Suite is characterized by discontinuous, ring-shaped outcrops of peralkaline granite associated with minor exposures of volcanic rocks around Barmer town in southwestern Rajasthan, India. These granites are defined as peralkaline, within plate, and A-type based on their bulk rock compositions. The most distinctive geochemical characteristics of these A-type granites are enrichments in Na2O + K2O, Fe/Mg, Zr, Nb, Y, depletions in Al2O3, CaO, Sr, and low-absolute abundances of incompatible trace elements compared to granites from adjoining areas. The igneous activity is considered as a reflection of the ‘Pan-African Event’. The correlative mineralogy, chemical characteristics, and tectonic setting of the peralkaline granites from the study area, and comparison with data from adjoining areas, suggest their generation under a common thermal event.  相似文献   

3.
牛漫兰  朱光  谢成龙  吴齐  刘国生 《岩石学报》2010,26(9):2783-2804
本文报道了郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段晚中生代侵入岩的主量元素、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征。研究区侵入岩为一套铝和硅均过饱和的、准铝质向过铝质过渡的岩浆岩,具有富碱、富钾的特征,可根据侵位时间和地球化学特征将张八岭隆起南段侵入岩划分为四类:早期、中早期、中晚期和晚期。早期和中早期侵入岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损重稀土元素(HREE),为一套埃达克质的钙碱性二长花岗岩,分别具有正Eu异常和无Eu异常;中晚期和晚期侵入岩富集LILE,亏损Ba、Sr,具有负的Eu异常,是一套碱性A型花岗岩。中晚期和晚期侵入岩与早期和中早期侵入岩相比,具有更低的CaO、MgO、Fe2OT3、Al2O3、REE含量、(La/Yb)N值和更高的Eu负异常和SiO2含量。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征显示,张八岭隆起南段侵入岩岩浆主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳。早期岩浆包含少量的富集地幔端元,而晚期岩浆则为更浅的地壳源区。先期的埃达克质岩代表了该处岩石圈伸展活动的开始阶段,而后期的A型花岗岩则代表了岩石圈强烈伸展的时间。研究表明,岩浆侵位过程中没有经历明显的中、上地壳混染,岩浆源区经历了不同程度的部分熔融,并经历了分离结晶作用。随岩浆侵位时间的变化,岩浆源区的残留相明显不同,由早到晚从石榴子石到斜长石再向角闪石过渡,且岩浆源区逐渐变浅。岩浆演化规律暗示岩浆活动的深部动力学过程为:华北克拉通岩石圈底部的逐渐减薄造成了软流圈顶面抬升,导致岩石圈内热流升高,化学作用逐渐加强,从而出现了不同深度的下地壳源区部分熔融。与远离断裂带的克拉通内部相比,郯庐断裂带具有更强烈的岩石圈伸展程度、侵入岩具有更浅的岩浆源区、岩浆源区具有更强烈的演化程度和更高程度的部分熔融。一系列的证据进一步均证明郯庐断裂带是岩石圈减薄中的强减薄带。  相似文献   

4.
The Paleozoic granitoids of the Sierra de San Luis comprise the Ordovician tonalite suite (OTS; metaluminous to mildly peraluminous calcic tonalite–granodiorites) and granodiorite–granite suite (OGGS; peraluminous calcic to calc-alkaline granodiorite–monzogranites), as well as the Devonian granite suite (DGS; peraluminous alkali-calcic monzogranites) and monzonite–granite suite (DMGS; metaluminous alkali-calcic quartz monzonite–monzogranite ± granodiorite, mildly peraluminous alkalicalcic monzogranites). The OTS has relatively high K2O, CaO, and YbN and low Cr, Ni, Ba, Sr, Rb/Sr, Sr/Y, and (La/Yb)N, as well as negative Eu/Eu1, high 87Sr/86Sr (0.70850–0.71114), and unradiogenic εNd(470Ma) (−5.3 to −6.0), which preclude an origin of variably fractionated mantle melts and favour a mafic lower crustal source. The OGGS consists of two granitoids: (1) high-temperature characterized by low Al2O3/TiO2, Rb/Sr, and (La/Yb)N, a smooth negative Eu/Eu1, and relatively high CaO and (2) low-temperature with high Al2O3/TiO2 and Rb/Sr, low CaO, (La/Yb)N, and Sr/Y, and negative Eu/Eu1. Melting of metagreywackes at pressures below 10 kbar with a variable supply of water could account for the chemistry of the high-T OGGS, whereas dehydration melting of biotite-bearing metasedimentary sources at low pressures is proposed for the low temperature OGGS. Melting of crustal sources relates to a contemporaneous mafic magmatism.Devonian magmatism is characterized by high Ba, Sr, K2O, Na2O, Sr/Y, and (La/Yb)N. Sources for the DGS include metasedimentary or metatonalitic protoliths. Biotite dehydration melting triggered by the addition of heat, supplied by mantle-derived magmas, is proposed. High Ba, Sr, LREE, MgO, Cr, Ni, Zr, and V of the monzonites suggest an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Low Yb and Y and high Sr and (La/Yb)N indicate a garnet-rich residual assemblage (P ⩾ 10 kbar). Melts for the peraluminous rocks may have derived from a metasedimentary or metaigneous source at lower pressures in a process dominated by biotite consumption and plagioclase in the residue.The Ordovician granitoids are synkinematic with compressive deformation related to the early stages of Famatinian convergence. The Devonian magmatism is synkinematic with a system of shear zones that were active during the Achalian cycle.  相似文献   

5.
东南沿海分布大面积的白垩纪晚期侵入岩。这些岩石可分为两期:其中115~100Ma以钙碱性系列岩石为主,岩石组合为辉长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-碱性长石花岗岩;而100~86Ma的岩石为碱性系列,岩石组合为石英二长斑岩-正长斑岩-碱性长石花岗岩。115~100Ma的辉长岩以角闪辉长岩为主,具有极高的CaO、MgO和Al_(2)O_(3)含量,具有极低的SiO_(2)(42.9%~53.8%)、全碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O:0.86%~5.28%)、Ba、Nb、Th、Rb和Zr含量,也具有极低的FeO^(T)/MgO、La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,较高的Eu/Eu^(*)、Sr/Y比值和Sr含量,为基性-超基性堆晶岩。与辉长岩同期的闪长岩和细粒暗色包体具有较高的SiO_(2)(50.34%~63.68%),较低的CaO、P_(2)O_(5)、MgO、Al_(2)O_(3)含量,相对低的Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,变化较大的La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,代表了从基性岩浆储库中抽取的富硅熔体。115~100Ma的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩类岩石为准铝质岩石,SiO_(2)含量变化较大(61.7%~75.3%),具有较低的FeO^(T)/MgO、Ga/Al比值和Nb、Zr及Nb+Zr+Ce+Y元素含量,显示出典型I型花岗岩的特征。这些花岗岩具有相对高的La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Zr/Hf比值和高的Sr、Ba和Zr含量。结合岩相学特征,这些花岗岩为堆晶花岗岩。而115~100Ma的碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),低的Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb、Zr/Hf和Sr/Y比值,具有低的Ba、Sr和Zr含量和高的Rb、Nb、Y和Th含量和Rb/Sr比值,表明这些花岗岩是由富硅岩浆储库中抽离的高硅熔体侵入地壳形成。100~86Ma期间形成的二长斑岩和正长斑岩具有极高的全碱含量,可以达到8%~12%,其SiO_(2)主要集中在60%~70%,具有极高的Zr、Sr和Ba含量和Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb和Sr/Y比值,显示出堆晶花岗岩的特征。而100~86Ma期间形成的大部分碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),并显示出A型花岗岩的特征,具有高的Rb/Sr比值和高的Rb、Y和Th和低的Ba、Sr含量和低的Zr/Hf、La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,表明它们是由富硅岩浆储库抽离的高硅熔体侵入浅部地壳形成。东南沿海高硅花岗岩的形成和穿地壳岩浆系统密切相关,高硅花岗岩是由浅部地壳内晶体-熔体分异产生的熔体侵入地壳所形成,而高硅花岗岩的地球化学特征与岩浆储库的水及挥发份含量密切相关。115~100Ma期间,从富水的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成具有低高场强元素含量和低Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程与古太平洋板块俯冲有关;100~86Ma期间,从富挥发份的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成碱性特征、富含高场强元素和具有高的Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程和古太平洋板块回撤软流圈上涌有关。  相似文献   

6.
福建沿海晚中生代花岗质岩石成因及其地质意义   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
福建白云山、鼓山和石牛山均位于福建沿海地带,该区域花岗岩类分布广泛。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,白云山、鼓山（魁歧）和石牛山地区花岗岩年龄分别为99.3Ma±1.8Ma、99.4Ma±2.3Ma和94.7Ma±1.4Ma,属晚白垩世早期的产物。花岗岩均具有富硅、富碱、贫钙镁、高分异指数等特点,属弱过铝到准铝质岩石。稀土元素具中-强Eu负异常,总体呈现轻稀土元素富集的右倾“V型”模式。微量元素Rb、U、Th、La等强烈富集,相对亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。岩相学和地球化学特征分析表明,研究区花岗岩属典型的A型花岗岩,其中魁歧花岗岩为碱性A型花岗岩,其余地区为铝质A型花岗岩。研究表明,研究区A型花岗岩具有相似的源区组成;岩浆来源于地壳物质的部分熔融,并可能有部分地幔物质参与;碱性A型花岗岩较铝质A型花岗岩可能有更多的地幔物质加入。结合地球化学、野外地质、区域背景及年龄资料综合判定,中国东南沿海2类A型花岗岩为古太平洋板块俯冲体系中弧后伸展环境下的产物。  相似文献   

7.
In the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia, Upper Devonian A-type granite suites were emplaced after the Lower Devonian I-type granites of the Bega Batholith. Individual plutons of two A-type suites are homogeneous and the granites are characterized by late interstitial annite. Chemically they are distinguished from I-type granites with similar SiO2 contents of the Bega Batholith, by higher abundances of large highly charged cations such as Nb, Ga, Y, and the REE and lower Al, Mg and Ca: high Ga/Al is diagnostic. These A-type suites are metaluminous, but peralkaline and peraluminous A-type granites also occur in Australia and elsewhere. Partial melting of felsic granulite is the preferred genetic model. This source rock is the residue remaining in the lower crust after production of a previous granite. High temperature, vapour-absent melting of the granulitic source generates a low viscosity, relatively anhydrous melt containing F and possibly Cl. The framework structure of this melt is considerably distorted by the presence of these dissolved halides allowing the large highly charged cations to form stable high co-ordination structures. The high concentration of Zr and probably other elements such as the REE in peralkaline or near peralkaline A-type melts is a result of the counter ion effect where excess alkali cations stabilize structures in the melt such as alkali-zircono-silicates. The melt structure determines the trace element composition of the granite. Separation of a fluid phase from an A-type magma results in destabilization of co-ordination complexes and in the formation of rare-metal deposits commonly associated with fluorite. At this stage the role of Cl in metal transport is considered more important than F.  相似文献   

8.
北秦岭蟒岭岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其演化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
蟒岭岩体位于北秦岭构造带北部,岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒二长花岗岩、含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩。依据LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人测试的年龄,将蟒岭岩体的岩浆演化划分为晚侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期和早白垩世中期3期。第一期为含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩,其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为（157±1） Ma,该期岩石SiO2质量分数较低,富碱,属于准铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性系列;第二期二长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（148±1） Ma~（144±1） Ma,具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩;第三期黑云母钾长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（124±2） Ma,具高硅、富碱、低镁、铝饱和指数偏高的特征,属过铝质,高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩。组成蟒岭岩体的花岗岩从早到晚,SiO2质量分数逐渐升高,而Al2O3、TiO2、MgO、CaO、P2O5、TFe2O3质量分数逐渐降低;稀土元素总量具有由高到低的变化趋势,第一期和第二期岩石的稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾型,而第三期的稀土元素配分曲线呈两边高中间低的不对称弧形,整体上负铕异常不明显或呈微弱正铕异常;微量元素上,这3期岩石均富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损P、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。与区域上同时代成矿花岗岩体对比,两者均具有高硅、富碱的特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈轻稀土元素富集的右倾斜型,但蟒岭岩体中二长花岗岩没有明显的Eu异常,且Ba、P、Ti亏损及Ta、Nb富集没有含矿花岗岩明显。  相似文献   

9.
Late Precambrian granitoid rocks occurring within a 44,000 km2 area of the western Arabian Shield are subdivided on the basis of geology and petrology into older (820 to 715 Ma) and younger (686 to 517 Ma) assemblages. The older assemblage contains major complexes which can be assigned to either one of a granodioritic or trondhjemitic petrologic association. The earliest granitoid rocks are trondhjemitic tonalites (trondhjemite association), depleted in Ba, Ce, F, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Y and Zr compared to granitoids of the slightly younger granodiorite association, which are related to a calcic, calc-alkaline suite of rocks ranging in composition from gabbro through monzogranite. The plutonic rocks of the older assemblage were probably emplaced in the cores of contemporary island arcs.The younger plutonic assemblage is dominated by three, geochemically distinct, coeval granitic associations: the alkali granite, alkali-feldspar granite and monzogranite associations. The alkali granite association is composed of perthite granites (alkali granites and genetically related alkali-feldspar granites). Rocks of this association are marginally peralkaline or metaluminous and are characterized by low contents of Ba, Co, Li, Rb, Sc and Sr, and high contents of Be, Cu, F, REE, Nb, Sn, Y, Zn and Zr. The alkali-feldspar granite association is mainly composed of alkali-feldspar granites and syenogranites. Rocks of this association are marginally peraluminous or metaluminous and contain low Ba, Sr, and high F, Rb, Sn, Th and U. The monzogranite association consists mainly of monzogranites and granodiorites. Rocks of this association are peraluminous or marginally metaluminous and have the highest contents of Ba, Cu, Co, Li, Sc, Sr, Ta, and V, and the lowest contents of REE, Nb, Rb, Sn, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr of the three granitic associations.These voluminous granitic magmas, together with the felsic component of a coeval sequence of bimodal volcanic rocks, are partial melts of the earlier island arc terrain produce during a prolonged fusion event. Subsolvus, highca granites of the monzogranite association have I-type features and represent partial melts of previously unfused crust, while low-Ca perthite granites of the alkali granite and alkali-feldspar granite associations have A-type features and represent partial melts of previously fused crust.This type of petrogenetic model can account for much of the petrologic diversity of the Pan-African granitic terrain of the Arabian Shield.  相似文献   

10.
Widespread in the Wuyi Mountain area of eastern Jiangxi are petrochemically peraluminous granites and they are characterized as being high in silica (SiO2 > 75% ) and highly alkaline (ALK=6.9% -7.5%) with K2O > Na2O and rather high ratios of FeOT/MgO (11.3-17.9). The rocks have low contents of CaO, MgO, TiO2 and P2 O5. The granites are enriched in REE (ΣREE =210.3 - 496. 8 μg/g) with remarkable negative Eu anomalies, but depleted in Eu, Ba, Sr, V, Co, and Ni, with 10000 x Ga/Al ratios, varying from 6. 1 to 9. 8. It is clear that these granites are obviously different from the I- and S-type granites, but are quite similar to those typical A-type granites such as aluminous A-type granites in the coastal areas of Fujian Province. State Geological Survey Project: supported by the Regional Geological Survey Project (No: 20001300002091 ) on the basis of the maps (scale 1: 250000) of Jingdezheng City, Nanchang City and Shangrao City.  相似文献   

11.
Triassic A-type granites in eastern South China Block (SCB) are abundant in the Wuyi–Yunkai tectonic domain and provide an important opportunity to explore the early Mesozoic evolution of continental crust of the SE part of the SCB. We carried out U–Pb zircon dating, Lu–Hf isotope analyses of zircon, and whole-rock geochemical analyses for two granitic plutons, the Guiyantou (GYT) and Luoguyan (LGY) granites, from northwestern Fujian Province. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon analyses yielded ages of 232 ± 4 to 231 ± 7 Ma and 221 ± 5 Ma (Middle-Late Triassic) for the GYT and LGY granites. These two granites belong to metaluminous to weakly peraluminous high K calc-alkaline A-type granite that are enriched in K, Al, light rare earth element and Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. Their rare earth element patterns are highly fractionated with (La/Yb)N ratios of 2–21 and strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.02–0.31). In situ Hf isotopic analysis of zircon from the GYT and LGY granites yielded εHf(t) values ranging from –11.5 to –1.1, with corresponding two-stage Hf model ages from 1.98 to 1.33 Ga, from which it is inferred that the GYT and LGY magmas formed by partial melting of Proterozoic metasedimentary rock in the Cathaysia block. The two granites were emplaced at 232 and 221 Ma and together with Triassic A-type granites in coastal region of the SCB, which is in agreement with an extensional tectonic setting in the Middle-Late Triassic. We suggest that the Middle-Late Triassic A-type granites in eastern SCB were probably formed in an intracontinental, post-orogenic extensional regime that collision was between the SCB and an ‘unknown block’ or the eastern extension of Indochina block.  相似文献   

12.
This study presents the geochemical characteristics of granitic rocks located on the northern margin of Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC), exposed in parts of Gaya district, Bihar and discusses the possible petrogenetic process and source characteristics. These granites are associated with Barabar Anorthosite Complex and Neo-proterozoic Munger–Rajgir group of rocks. The granitic litho-units identified in the field are grey, pink and porphyritic granites. On the basis of geochemical and petrographic characteristics, the grey and pink granites were grouped together as GPG while the porphyritic granites were named as PG. Both GPG and PG are enriched in SiO2, K2O, Na2O, REE (except Eu), Rb, Ba, HFSE (Nb, Y, Zr), depleted in MgO, CaO, Sr and are characterised by high Fe* values, Ga/Al ratios and high Zr saturation temperatures (GPGavg～ 861 °C and PGavg～ 835 °C). The REE patterns for GPG are moderately fractionated with an average (La/Yb)N～ 4.55 and Eu/Eu* ～ 0.58, than PG which are strongly fractionated with an average (La/Yb)N～ 31.86 and Eu/Eu* ～ 0.75. These features indicate that the granites have an A-type character. On the basis of geochemical data, we conclude that the granites are probably derived from a predominant crustal source with variable mantle involvement in a post-collisional setting.  相似文献   

13.
Petrochemical studies on acid plutonic (granite, microgranite) and volcanic (rhyolite, trachyte) rocks occurring in the Siner area of the Siwana Ring Complex, Malani Igneous Suite have been carried out. These rocks are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Zr, Nb, Y and REE (except Eu) but low in MgO, Fe2O3(t), CaO, Cr, Ni, Sr; indicating their A-type affinity. Field studies in conjunction with the geochemical characteristic indicate that the magmatism in the Siner area is generally represented by peralkaline suite of rocks which are formed due to rift tectonics. It is also suggested that these acidic rocks could have been derived by low degree partial melting of crustal material. Characteristics of certain pathfinder elements such as Rb, Ba, Sr, K, Zr, Nb, REE and the ratios of K/Rb, Zr/Rb, Ba/Rb along with the multi elemental primitive mantle normalized spidergrams suggest that the Siner peralkaline granites and microgranites have the potential for rare metal and rare earth mineralizations.  相似文献   

14.
Early Ordovician A-type granites in the northeastern (NE) Songnen Block NE China were studied to better understand the geodynamic settings in this region. This research presents new zircon U–Pb ages and whole-rock geochemical data for the Early Ordovician granites in the NE Songnen Block. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the granite in the Cuibei, Hongxing, and Meixi areas in the NE Songnen Block formed in the Early Ordovician with ages of 471–479 Ma. The granites show geochemical characteristics of high SiO2 and K2O compositions and low FeOT, MgO, CaO, and P2O5 compositions. They belong to a high K calc-alkaline series and display a weak peraluminous feature with A/CNK values of 0.98–1.14. The rocks have a ∑REE composition of 249.98–423.94 ppm, and are enriched in LREE with (La/Yb)N values of 2.87–9.87, and display obvious Eu anomalies (δEu?=?0.01–0.29). Trace elements of the studied granites are characterized by enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb, Hf, and Sm, and depletion of Ba, Nb, Ta, and Sr. They display geochemical features of high Zr?+?Y?+?Nb?+?Ce values (324–795 ppm) and Ga/Al ratios consistent with A-type granites. Based on particular geochemical features, such as high Rb/Nb (7.98–24.19) and Y/Nb (1.07–3.43), the studied A-type granites can be further classified as an A2-type subgroup. This research indicates that the Early Ordovician A-type granites were formed by the partial melting of ancient crust in an extensional setting. Lower Sr/Y and (Ho/Yb)N ratios indicate that plagioclase and amphibole are residual in the source, and garnet is absent, implying that the magma was generated at low levels of pressure. By contrast, the contemporaneous granites in the SE Xing’an Block suggest a subduction-related tectonic setting, and its adakitic property indicates a thickened continental crust. We suggest that the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate between the Xing’an and Songnen blocks subducted northward during the Early Ordovician. Meanwhile, the NE Songnen Block was exposed to a passive continental margin tectonic setting.  相似文献   

15.
The Anorogenic Malani Felsic Province (MFP) of western Peninsular India consists of peralkaline, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous A-type granites-acid volcanics with minor basic volcanics and dykes. The suite is bimodal in nature that characterized by volcano-plutonic ring structures and radial dykes. The granitoids of Siwana and Kundal areas of MFP are traversed by numerous quartz veins with fluoride, iron encrustations, druses and knots of pegmatite phases. Petrographically, they show cloudy, patchy perthitic textures; spherulite form of alkali amphibole and alkali pyroxenes; alteration of K-Na-feldspar to kaolin/sericite, magnetite to haematite; growth of granophyres/perthite/rapakivi like textures. They are enriched in SiO2, Na2O+K2O, Fe/Mg, Rb, Zr, Y, Ga, REE (except Eu) and depleted in MgO, CaO, Mg#, P, Ti, Sr, Ni, Cr, Co and V. Uniform REE patterns, parallel to sub-parallel, LREE enriched over HREE and prominent negative Eu-anomalies are the characteristics of these granitoids. Geochemical parameters satisfy the A-type nature of granitoids and crustal origin of these rocks. These granitoids are high heat producing granitoids because of their high content of radioactive elements (U, Th, K), and can be classified as granite (Type I) (avg. 7.18 μWm−3), rhyolite and trachyte (Type II) (avg. 4.47 μWm−3) and acid dyke (Type III) (avg. 14.53 μ Wm−3). The average total heat generation unit (HGU) of Type I (17.10 HGU), Type II (10.64 HGU) and Type III (35.31 HGU) are much higher than the average value of continental crust (3.8 HGU), which imply a possible linear relationship among the surface heat generations in the MFP. Field, petrography and whole rock geochemical characteristics suggest potentiality for rare metals and rare earth elements mineralization in the studied granitoids of the MFP.  相似文献   

16.
Palaeozoic rapakivi granites occur in the western segment of the China Central Orogenic System. Exhibiting typical rapakivi texture, these granites contain magmatic microgranular enclaves of intermediate compositions. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages for the granites and enclaves are 433 ± 5 Ma and 433 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The rapakivi granites are magnesian to ferroan, calc-alkalic to alkalic, and are characterized by high FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) (0.74–0.91) and Ga/Al ratios, and SiO2, Na2O + K2O and rare earth element (apart from Eu) contents, but low CaO, Ba, and Sr contents. These are typical A-type granite geochemical features. The granites and enclaves exhibit a uniform decrease in TiO2, CaO, Na2O, K2O, FeO, and MgO with increasing SiO2, and both lithologies have similar trace element patterns. Whole-rock ?Nd(t) values vary from??9.2 to??8.7 for the granites and from??9.0 to??8.4 for the enclaves, but zircon ?Hf(t) values vary more widely from??5.8 to??0.2 and??4.6 to +5.1, respectively. Our data suggest that the granites and enclaves have crystallized from different magmas. The granites appear to have been derived from old continental crust, whereas the enclaves required a source having a juvenile component. The spherical shape and undeformed nature of the granites and their geochemical characteristics, coupled with the (ultra)-high pressure metamorphism and evolution of Palaeozoic granitoid magmatism in the North Qaidam orogen, indicate that the rapakivi granites were generated in a post-collisional setting. These rocks are therefore an example of Palaeozoic rapakivi granites emplaced in a post-collisional, extensional orogenic setting.  相似文献   

17.
The Sahara–Umm Adawi pluton is a Late Neoproterozoic postcollisional A-type granitoid pluton in Sinai segment of the Arabian–Nubian Shield that was emplaced within voluminous calc-alkaline I-type granite host rocks during the waning stages of the Pan-African orogeny and termination of a tectonomagmatic compressive cycle. The western part of the pluton is downthrown by clysmic faults and buried beneath the Suez rift valley sedimentary fill, while the exposed part is dissected by later Tertiary basaltic dykes and crosscut along with its host rocks by a series of NNE-trending faults. This A-type granite pluton is made up wholly of hypersolvus alkali feldspar granite and is composed of perthite, quartz, alkali amphibole, plagioclase, Fe-rich red biotite, accessory zircon, apatite, and allanite. The pluton rocks are highly evolved ferroan, alkaline, and peralkaline to mildly peraluminous A-type granites, displaying the typical geochemical characteristics of A-type granites with high SiO2, Na2O + K2O, FeO*/MgO, Ga/Al, Zr, Nb, Ga, Y, Ce, and rare earth elements (REE) and low CaO, MgO, Ba, and Sr. Their trace and REE characteristics along with the use of various discrimination schemes revealed their correspondence to magmas derived from crustal sources that has gone through a continent–continent collision (postorogenic or postcollisional), with minor contribution from mantle source similar to ocean island basalt. The assumption of crustal source derivation and postcollisional setting is substantiated by highly evolved nature of this pluton and the absence of any syenitic or more primitive coeval mafic rocks in association with it. The slight mantle signature in the source material of these A-type granites is owed to the juvenile Pan-African Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) crust (I-type calc-alkaline) which was acted as a source by partial melting of its rocks and which itself of presumably large mantle source. The extremely high Rb/Sr ratios combined with the obvious Sr, Ba, P, Ti, and Eu depletions clearly indicate that these A-type granites were highly evolved and require advanced fractional crystallization in upper crustal conditions. Crystallization temperature values inferred average around 929°C which is in consistency with the presumably high temperatures of A-type magmas, whereas the estimated depth of emplacement ranges between 20 and 30 km (upper-middle crustal levels within the 40 km relatively thick ANS crust). The geochronologically preceding Pan-African calc-alkaline I-type continental arc granitoids (the Egyptian old and younger granites) associated with these rocks are thought to be the crustal source of f this A-type granite pluton and others in the Arabian–Nubian Shield by partial melting caused by crustal thickening due to continental collision at termination of the compressive orogeny in the Arabian–Nubian Shield.  相似文献   

18.
We studied the petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic (2.06 Ga) granites of the Katugin massif (Stanovoy suture zone), which hosts the combined rare-metal Katugin deposit. Three groups of granites were distinguished: (1) biotite (Bt) and biotite–riebeckite (Bt–Rbk) granites of the western block of the massif; (2) biotite–arfvedsonite (Bt–Arf) granites of the eastern block; and (3) arfvedsonite (Arf), aegirine–arfvedsonite (Aeg–Arf), and aegirine (Aeg) granites of the eastern block. The Bt and Bt–Rbk granites of the first group are mainly metaluminous and peraluminous rocks with rather high CaO contents and the minimum F contents among the granites described here. It was suggested that the granites of this group could be derived from a source dominated by crustal rocks with a small addition of mantle materials. These granites probably crystallized from a metaluminous–peraluminous melt with elevated CaO and moderate F contents. Melts of such compositions are least favorable for the crystallization of ore minerals. The Bt–Arf granites of the second group are mainly peralkaline and show high contents of CaO and Y and low contents of Na2O and F. A mixed mantle–crust source was proposed for the Bt–Arf granites. The initial melt of the Bt–Arf granites could have a peralkaline composition with elevated CaO content and moderate to high F content. The Arf, Aeg–Arf, and Aeg granites of the third group are enriched in ore mineral and were classified as peralkaline granites with very low CaO contents, elevated Na2O and F contents, and usually very high contents of Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data, it was supposed that the source of the granites of the third group could be derivatives of basaltic magmas produced in an OIB-type source with a minor addition of crustal material to the magma generation zone. It was suggested that the primary melt of this granite group could be a peralkaline CaO-poor and F-rich silicic melt, which is most favorable for the crystallization of ore minerals. Based on the analysis of the geochemical characteristics of the three granite groups and their relationships within the Katugin massif, a qualitative model of its formation was proposed. According to this model, the Bt and Bt–Rbk granites of the western block crystallized first, followed by the Bt–Arf granites of the eastern block and, eventually, the Arf, Aeg–Arf, and Aeg granites enriched in ore minerals.  相似文献   

19.
The Cretaceous granites of Mianning, located in the northern Panxi region, were emplaced after collision of the Tibetan Plateau and Yangtze Block. These granites have very high K2O + Na2O, Ga, Zr, Nb, Y, REE (except Eu), and very low MgO, CaO, P2O5, and Sr contents relative to M-, I- or S-type granites. Based on the chemical discrimination criteria of Whalen et al . [Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L., Chappell, B.W., 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, distribution and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407–419], most of them are A-type granites. Moreover, the granites plot in the range of post-collision granites and belong to the A2 type. Elevated initial Sr isotopic ratios (>0.72) suggest their derivation dominantly from a crustal source. These features are consistent with granite formation in a post-orogenic setting, such as after subduction or collision between of the Tibetan Plateau and Yangtze Block. In addition, the granites are characterized by low abundances of Ba, Sr, P, Ti, and Eu, positive correlation between Ba and Eu anomalies, and negative correlation between Rb and K/Rb. Plots of Rb vs. Sr suggest that fractional crystallization affected the final compositions of these granites after melting from a dominantly crustal source. From the late Proterozoic to late Mesozoic, the crustal composition, compared to that of the mantle, appears to have increased in the Panxi region. While the mantle component played an important part in the generation of Cretaceous granites in southeastern China, its influence was relatively minor in the Panxi region. Thus, there was a significant difference in mantle evolution between southeastern China and the Panxi region, which led to different metallogenic processes.  相似文献   

20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1359-1383
The Jiangnan Orogen is located at a key tectonic position along the junction between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. We obtained detailed major and trace elements, whole-rock Nd + zircon Hf isotope data, and U–Pb age data from several Mesozoic granites, including the Fuling (FL), Taiping–Huangshan (TH), Lingshan (LS), Sanqingshan (SQS), and Baijuhuajian intrusions in order to investigate their sources and petrogeneses related to extension in South China. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of zircon from the FL, TH, SQS, and LS bodies yield Early Cretaceous ages of 124–135 Ma. These plutons are alkali-feldspar granites to syenogranites–monzogranites, and show A-type affinities. They have high K2O and total alkali contents, and are enriched in rare earth elements (except for Eu), Zr, and other high-field-strength elements as well as high Ga/Al ratios, and are depleted in Ba and Sr. These granites are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (ACNK from 0.81 to 1.27). The whole-rock ?Nd(T) values of??5.34 to??0.96 are coupled with zircon ?Hf(T) values (from??5.3 to +4.24), and all samples plot along the mantle array. Field observations, geochronology, geochemistry, Nd isotopic, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggest that they formed by the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic metamorphic basement, with input from juvenile, mantle-derived materials in the shallow (<30 km) crust at high temperatures (756–965°C). These melts underwent crystal fractionation of biotite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar. The upwelling of asthenosphere triggered partial melting of the metamorphic protolith in a back-arc or intra-arc rift setting, reflecting rollback of the Pacific plate. Our research adds new geochronologic constraints on Cretaceous (135–120 Ma) A-type granites from the NE sector of the Jiangnan Orogen. Combined with previous research, we suggest that three main episodes of late Mesozoic extensional tectonism took place in South China: (1) 190–170 Ma (mainly inland), (2) 165–120 Ma (including 165–150 Ma in SE Shi-Hang, 135–120 Ma in NE Shi-Hang, and ～125 Ma in the Lower Yangtze River Belt), and (3) 100–90 Ma (coastal area), showing an oceanwards younging trend due to the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate.  相似文献   

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