共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
北京西北东岭台组（J3d）火山岩的成因及其构造环境探讨 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
通过岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学和同位素的研究,作者认为北京西北东岭台组火山岩的主要起源于下地壳上部岩石的部分熔融;火山岩形成的构造背景为陆内造山带的拉张环境,与中生代古太平洋板块向亚洲板块斜向块俯冲滑有直接关系;由于晚侏罗世－早白垩世燕山地区处于拉张状态,造成上地幔上部岩石的部分熔融,引赶玄武岩浆的底侵和中侵作用促使下地壳岩石发生部分熔融形成了东岭台组火山岩岩浆。 相似文献
2.
大兴安岭火山喷发带北段中性、中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究,发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩,即文献上所称的埃达克质岩,笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆,为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中-基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆,是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中,蒙古-鄂霍次克海槽封闭,陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚,形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。其形成时的构造环境应是在滨太平洋构造域背景下受古亚洲构造域的影响和限制,并非是滨太平洋构造活动带的单一活动所致。早白垩世上库力组酸性火山岩属陆壳重熔型(S型)火山岩,其形成可能与印度-澳大利亚板块朝北偏东方向推挤运移、中国东部岩石圈拉张引起的下地壳拆沉作用有关。 相似文献
3.
本文对嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。测年结果显示嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩形成于127.5Ma的早白垩世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,早白垩世晚期火山岩具有双峰式组合特点,基性端员富碱,富含轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Y）,形成于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融和分离结晶作用,形成的过程可能含有少量的陆壳混染。酸性端员显示A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使中下地壳岩石发生部分熔融的成因。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间展布特征,嫩江地区早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成应与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
4.
大别山沙村中生代A型花岗岩和基性岩的源区演化关系 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
A型花岗岩的成因虽存在不同的认识模式,但对大别山沙村A型花岗岩的岩石化学和地球化学研究结果表明,其物质源自大陆岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,含有古老地壳信息。结合被侵入基性岩的地球化学和年代学资料,推测大别造山带中生代岩石圈地幔的地球化学性质与下扬子地幔相似。花岗岩中锆石SHRIMP法U-Pb年龄为119.0±3.2Ma,说明其岩浆侵位于早白垩世,与邻近的基性岩侵位时间相近但稍晚。在三叠纪因大陆俯冲碰撞增厚的岩石圈在早白垩世被拉张减薄,含有古老地壳成分的扬子陆下岩石圈地幔及其上覆下地壳发生部分熔融,形成了不同成分的碰撞后岩浆岩。其中部分基性岩浆分异结晶成为辉长岩,而A型花岗岩可能是同一地幔源区物质小比例部分熔融后分异结晶的产物。 相似文献
5.
庐枞盆地是长江中下游成矿带重要的矿集区之一,枞阳地区玄武质火山岩位于庐枞盆地中部。通过对枞阳地区玄武质火山岩进行岩石地球化学特征研究,探讨其源区性质及玄武质岩浆的演化过程。该区玄武质火山岩贫硅、富碱、低钛、低Mg#值,属于钾玄质系列岩石; 稀土元素总量较高,具有LREE富集的右倾型稀土元素配分模式,有较弱的负Eu异常; 岩石富集Rb、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,Nb、Ta负异常。在岩石圈拉张作用下,枞阳地区富集岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,形成的玄武质原始岩浆经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用,沿区域深大断裂上侵,快速上升至地表,形成玄武质火山岩。 相似文献
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内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿位于华北地台北缘西段中元古代白云鄂博台缘凹陷带西部,矿区内有大面积花岗质岩体和岩脉出露,其岩性主要包括石英二长闪长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。通过岩相学特征和岩石地球化学特征分析,结合区域上同类型岩体的侵入时代,认为浩尧尔忽洞岩体形成于华北板块与西伯利亚板块同碰撞-后碰撞环境。其中二长花岗岩形成于同碰撞环境,该环境下由于板片持续俯冲,引起俯冲板片及地幔楔发生熔融,其上侵带来的热量致使下地壳物质部分熔融而形成该类型岩石的母岩浆;石英二长闪长岩形成于碰撞后隆起环境,是加厚下地壳熔融的产物;碱长花岗岩属于晚造山期A型花岗岩系列,该阶段地幔玄武质岩浆底侵,导致下地壳物质熔融,部分与其发生混染。结合浩尧尔忽洞金矿的成矿年龄、成矿流体特征及赋矿岩石有机地球化学特征,认为岩体的侵位提供了矿床形成必不可少的热量及部分成矿流体来源。 相似文献
9.
华北东部岩石圈减薄中的下地壳过程：岩浆底侵、置换与拆沉作用 总被引：31，自引：14，他引：31
最近研究表明，华北中生代岩石圈减薄不仅是岩石囤地幔减薄，而且下地壳也发生了一定程度的减薄和置换。本文强调下地壳过程，如岩浆底侵、置换和拆沉作用是理解岩石囤减薄机制的关键因素之一。火山岩及其捕虏体的信息似乎支持在华北东部南、北缘存在局部造山带型的下地壳与岩石囤的拆沉作用。但是华北东部整体上的减薄机制难以用造山带的拆沉模式来解释。华北东部克拉通内部的火山岩中的下地壳捕虏体有两类，一类是经历了麻粒岩相变质的底侵辉长岩和辉石岩以及榴辉岩相变质的石榴辉石岩，形成时代约在140～120Ma；另一类是经过了中生代变质叠加的前寒武纪麻粒岩。中生代华北东部曾发生过大规模的岩浆底侵作用，现今的下地壳很可能已大部分不是前寒武纪的下地壳，它们由中生代变质的辉长岩、镁铁质岩石以及经历了很强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳麻粒岩组成。此外，在华北东部普遍存在着化学成分类似于“埃达克岩”的中生代高锶花岗岩类岩石，它们的形成与岩浆底侵作用和镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融有关，其熔融残留应是榴辉岩或石榴角闪岩。尽管如此，要通过下地壳部分熔融形成一个厚的密度很大的榴辉岩层，由它的重力不均衡来带动80～120公里厚的岩石圈地幔一起拆沉进入软流圈的机制很难发生在华北克拉通内部。岩浆底侵和置换作用是下地壳过程非常重要的形式，与岩石圈的减薄具有密切联系，其具体机制尚不完善。 相似文献
10.
北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩成因及其地质意义 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩由底部(第1岩性段)玄武粗安岩、下部(第2岩性段)酸性火山碎屑岩和上部(第3、4岩性段)粗面岩、流纹岩组成。根据地球化学特征,东岭台组下部第1岩性段玄武粗安岩属于碱性系列,具有Coombs成分变异趋势,上部的中、酸性岩属于高钾钙碱性;东岭台组火山岩整体具有从碱质富集的基性岩向硅饱和的中酸性岩变化的跨越式成分变异趋势。东岭台组中—基性岩是富集Ba、Sr、LREE和K的幔源原始玄武质岩浆在中等压力条件下分离结晶的产物,岩石在成岩过程中受到了下地壳物质的混染。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的粗面岩或英安岩依据地球化学特征分为3大类——富铝钾质粗面岩、富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩与贫铝粗面岩或英安岩。富铝钾质粗面岩是玄武质岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩是内侵的基性岩含水熔融的产物;贫铝粗面岩或英安岩有可能由中—基性岩分异而来,成岩过程中受到围岩混染。东岭台组下部第2岩性段的酸性火山岩形成于下地壳低钾岩石在高氧逸度条件下的低程度部分熔融。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的酸性火山岩中的低硅端元是基性岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;高硅端元由低硅酸性火山岩分离结晶演化而来。燕山早白垩世早、中期大规模高钾钙碱性岩浆活动很可能是幔源岩浆与陆壳发生熔融反应的产物。东岭台组火山岩是早白垩世中期地壳被内侵玄武质岩浆加热,进而导致地温梯度增高的直观表征;地壳深部温度升高和部分熔融直接促使地壳发生侧向韧性流动,致使早白垩世时期的燕山地区由山地演变为高原。 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):475-493
This study reports new geochemical and Sr and Nd isotope data for 11 samples of hynormative late Miocene (～6.5 Ma) basalt, basaltic andesite, and rhyolitic volcanic rocks from Meseta Rio San Juan, located in the states of Hidalgo and Queretaro, Mexico, in the north-central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB). The in situ growth-corrected initial isotopic ratios of these rocks are as follows: 87Sr/86Sr 0.703400-0.709431 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.512524-0.512835. For comparison, the isotopic ratios of basaltic rocks from this area show very narrow ranges as follows: 87Sr/86Sr 0.703400-0.703540 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.512794-0.512835. The available geological, geochemical, and isotopic evidence does not support the generation of the basic and intermediate magmas by direct (slab melting), nor by indirect (fluid transport to the mantle) participation of the subducted Cocos plate. The basaltic magmas instead could have been generated by partial melting of the upper mantle. The evolved basaltic andesite magmas could have originated from such basaltic magmas through assimilation coupled with fractional crystallization. Rhyolitic magmas might represent partial melting of different parts of the underlying heterogeneous crust. Their formation and eruption probably was facilitated by extensional tectonics and upwelling of the underlying mantle. The different petrogenetic processes proposed here for basaltic and basaltic andesite magmas on one hand and rhyolitic magmas on the other might explain the bimodal nature of Meseta Rio San Juan volcanism. Finally, predictions by the author about the behavior of Sr and Nd isotopic compositions for subduction-related magmas is confirmed by published data for the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study is to quantify the crustal differentiation processes and sources responsible for the origin of basaltic
to dacitic volcanic rocks present on Cordón El Guadal in the Tatara-San Pedro Complex (TSPC). This suite is important for
understanding the origin of evolved magmas in the southern Andes because it exhibits the widest compositional range of any
unconformity-bound sequence of lavas in the TSPC. Major element, trace element, and Sr-isotopic data for the Guadal volcanic
rocks provide evidence for complex crustal magmatic histories involving up to six differentiation mechanisms. The petrogenetic
processes for andesitic and dacitic lavas containing undercooled inclusions of basaltic andesitic and andesitic magma include:
(1) assimilation of garnet-bearing, possibly mafic lower continental crust by primary mantle-derived basaltic magmas; (2)
fractionation of olivine + clinopyroxene + Ca-rich plagioclase + Fe-oxides in present non-modal proportions from basaltic
magmas at ∼4–8 kbar to produce high-Al basalt and basaltic andesitic magmas; (3) vapor-undersaturated (i.e., P
H2O<P
TOTAL) partial melting of gabbroic crustal rocks at ∼3–7 kbar to produce dacitic magmas; (4) crystallization of plagioclase-rich
phenocryst assemblages from dacitic magmas in shallow reservoirs; (5) intrusion of basaltic andesitic magmas into shallow
reservoirs containing crystal-rich dacitic magmas and subsequent mixing to produce hybrid basaltic andesitic and andesitic
magmas; and (6)␣formation and disaggregation of undercooled basaltic andesitic and andesitic inclusions during eruption from
shallow chambers to form commingled, mafic inclusion-bearing andesitic and dacitic lavas flows. Collectively, the geochemical
and petrographic features of the Guadal volcanic rocks are interpreted to reflect the development of shallow silicic reservoirs
within a region characterized by high crustal temperatures due to focused basaltic activity and high magma supply rates. On
the periphery of the silicic system where magma supply rates and crustal temperatures were lower, cooling and crystallization
were more important than bulk crustal melting or assimilation.
Received: 2 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 November 1997 相似文献
13.
Harangi Szabolcs; Downes Hilary; Thirlwall Matthew; Gmeling Katalin 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(12):2261-2287
We report major and trace element abundances and Sr, Nd andPb isotopic data for Miocene (16·5–11 Ma) calc-alkalinevolcanic rocks from the western segment of the Carpathian arc.This volcanic suite consists mostly of andesites and dacites;basalts and basaltic andesites as well as rhyolites are rareand occur only at a late stage. Amphibole fractionation bothat high and low pressure played a significant role in magmaticdifferentiation, accompanied by high-pressure garnet fractionationduring the early stages. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic dataindicate a major role for crustal materials in the petrogenesisof the magmas. The parental mafic magmas could have been generatedfrom an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB)-type mantlesource, previously metasomatized by fluids derived from subductedsediment. Initially, the mafic magmas ponded beneath the thickcontinental crust and initiated melting in the lower crust.Mixing of mafic magmas with silicic melts from metasedimentarylower crust resulted in relatively Al-rich hybrid dacitic magmas,from which almandine could crystallize at high pressure. Theamount of crustal involvement in the petrogenesis of the magmasdecreased with time as the continental crust thinned. A strikingchange of mantle source occurred at about 13 Ma. The basalticmagmas generated during the later stages of the calc-alkalinemagmatism were derived from a more enriched mantle source, akinto FOZO. An upwelling mantle plume is unlikely to be presentin this area; therefore this mantle component probably residesin the heterogeneous upper mantle. Following the calc-alkalinemagmatism, alkaline mafic magmas erupted that were also generatedfrom an enriched asthenospheric source. We propose that bothtypes of magmatism were related in some way to lithosphericextension of the Pannonian Basin and that subduction playedonly an indirect role in generation of the calc-alkaline magmatism.The calc-alkaline magmas were formed during the peak phase ofextension by melting of metasomatized, enriched lithosphericmantle and were contaminated by various crustal materials, whereasthe alkaline mafic magmas were generated during the post-extensionalstage by low-degree melting of the shallow asthenosphere. Thewestern Carpathian volcanic areas provide an example of long-lastingmagmatism in which magma compositions changed continuously inresponse to changing geodynamic setting. KEY WORDS: Carpathian–Pannonian region; calc-alkaline magmatism; Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes; subduction; lithospheric extension 相似文献
14.
北京西山东岭台组粗面质火山岩地球化学:下地壳熔融成因 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
北京西山东岭台组粗面岩表现出LREE富集和HREE平坦的稀土配分型式 ,富集LILE (Ba、K和Sr)、和亏损Nb Ta、Th U和Ti,Sr Nd同位素组成富集 (87Sr/ 86Sr(t) =0 .70 6 38～ 0 .70 6 72 ,Nd(t) = 1 6 .3～ - 1 5 .7)。结合所表现出的明显Nb/Ta分馏和高的Zr/Sm比值 ,认为它们来源于大陆下地壳含石榴子石的角闪岩部分熔融作用而成 ,主要的残留相为石榴子石 +斜长石±角闪石±辉石。根据地壳岩石熔融实验研究结果 ,西山地区东岭台组粗面岩的熔融要求有外来的热源参与 ,与区域上同时代发生的玄武岩浆底侵作用具时空上的密切联系 ;这些岩石所显示的高Sr和Ba特征也暗示至少有部分底侵的玄武质岩石参与了部分熔融作用 相似文献
15.
Adakitic火成岩对大陆地壳增厚过程的指示:以青藏北部火山岩为例 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
Adakitic火成岩可以通过几种不同的岩浆作用方式产生,其中下地壳镁铁质岩石的直接部分熔融和拆沉下地壳的部分熔融可能是两种重要的adakitic火成岩形成方式。在一个大陆厚地壳背景,adakitic火成岩的产生指示了它们的岩浆源区位于大于40 km的下地壳之中,因此,暗示该大陆地壳的最小厚度超过40 km。青藏高原腹地的羌塘地区分布有40 Ma左右的“低镁”和“高镁”adakitic安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩,它们应分别是青藏高原厚大陆地壳下部镁铁质岩石直接部分熔融和拆沉的下地壳脱水熔融的产物。这套adakitic火山岩的厘定指示出在40 Ma左右时,青藏羌塘地区或更大范围的大陆地壳已经加厚到超过40 km,其地表在当时或稍后可能已经开始了隆升。 相似文献
16.
The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar, Xinjiang 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Han Baofu 《《地质学报》英文版》1992,66(2):141-153
The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern area of East Junggar, located between the Ertix andUlungur rivers of northern Xinjiang, may be divided into basic and acid ones. It is evident that a compositionalgap exists between the two groups so that the volcanic rocks are not in line with a calc-alkaline series becausethe intermediate rocks are absent in the area. The fact shows that the volcanic rocks are a typical bimodal asso-ciation. The formation of the bimodal association of volcanic rocks in the area was closely related to continen-tal rifting or continental extension in the Middle Devonian. In such a tectonic setting, magmas were first pro-duced by partial melting of the mantle. Where crustal thinning was greater, the magmas ascended and eruptedon the surface directly so that the basic volcanic rocks formed, but olivine and/or partial pyroxenefractionation occurred in the magmas during their ascent through the thinning crust. On the other hand, wherecrustal thinning was less, ascending mantle-derived magmas reached the lower crust and accumulated there, re-sulting in partial melting of the lower crust and thus giving rise to the contaminated magma which was consoli-dated as acid volcanic rocks on the surface. 相似文献
17.
浙东早白垩世火山岩组合的地球化学及其成因研究 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：25
浙东早白垩世含中性岩的火山岩组合和双峰式火山岩组合的主量元素和微量元素特征对比研究表明，中性火山岩的地球化学特征明显受到伴生的基性和酸性火山岩的影响。它们的微量元素协变关系证实：中性火山岩是由基性岩浆和酸性岩浆混合形成的。双峰式火山岩具有与含中性岩的火山岩组合相类似的主量元素特征，但两者的微量元素特征相差较大。根据东南沿海在早白垩世时期的构造背景是由挤压向伸展拉张转变，以及各种元素具有不同的扩散速度，提出了浙东早白垩世火山岩组合的形成模式：若基性岩浆和酸性岩浆仅进行了部分微量元素的交换，没有来得及发生主量元素的交换，就在伸展拉张的构造背景下喷出地表，则形成双峰式火山岩组合；若基性岩浆与酸性岩浆在地壳深处共存的时间较长，发生一定程度的主量元素交换，则形成偏基性和偏酸性的中性岩浆，若进一步发生化学成分的交换，则可形成典型的安山质岩浆，喷出地表就形成含中性岩的火山岩组合。 相似文献
18.
辽西北票蓝旗组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
辽西北票常河营子地区有中生代蓝旗组火山岩分布,其中上部安山质角砾熔岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄分析结果表明,其结晶年龄为159.4±3.4Ma,属晚侏罗世.锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值介于0.282098～0.282789之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-20.4～+4.1,主体分布在华北克拉通地壳演化线之上,位于古元古代地壳演化范围内,所给出的亏损地幔年龄(t_(DM))和平均地壳模式年龄(t_(crust))分别为0.7～1.6Ga和0.9～2.5Ga.结合已发表蓝旗组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,我们认为安山质火山岩源于古老(如晚太古代)下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,其形成过程可能与中生代幔源岩浆底侵作用有关. 相似文献
19.
Felsic igneous rocks are of widespread magma types in continental orogenic belt, the petrologic genesis of which provides very important indication for understanding crustal evolution and melting geodynamic process within orogenic belt. Because of the differences of meltingdynamic condition, e.g. (1) composition of source rock; (2) physical chemistry conditions such as temperature, pressure etc.; (3) composition of residual phases and so on, felsic igneous rocks exhibit distinctly diverse petro… 相似文献