共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Yongjun Zhang Binghua HuJianqing Zhang 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(5):700-707
In digital photogrammetry, corresponding points have been widely used as the basic source of information to determine the relative orientation parameters among adjacent images. Sometimes, though, the conventional relative orientation process cannot be precisely implemented due to the accumulation of random errors or in the case of inadequate corresponding points. A new relative orientation approach with multiple types of corresponding features, including points, straight lines, and circular curves, is proposed in this paper. The origin of the model coordinate system is set at the projection center of the first image of a strip, and all of the exterior orientation parameters, except φ and ω of the first image, are set at zero. The basic models of relative orientation with corresponding points, straight lines, and circular curves are discussed, and the general form of a least squares adjustment model for relative orientation based on multi-features is established. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible and can achieve more reliable relative orientation results than the conventional approach based on corresponding points only. 相似文献
2.
附约束条件的立体相机标定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在计算机视觉和摄影测量领域,经常应用立体相机对场景进行高精度的三维重建,其中立体相机的内参数和相机间的固定相对关系的高精度标定是关键的环节。本文推导了立体相机系统的两个相机间之间固定相对关系的六个独立约束条件,并利用这些约束关系按照附有限制条件的间接平差模型进行自检校光束法整体平差解算,从而实现立体相机的标定。最后的模拟数据和实际数据试验说明固定相对关系约束条件的引入,能够有效增加平差系统的多余观测数,提高标定的精度和稳健性。此方法能够方便地推广到多个相机组成的多相机立体量测系统的标定中。 相似文献
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4.
《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2002,56(3):195-209
The paper reviews at first some aspects of the generalised Procrustes analysis (GP) and outlines the analogies with the block adjustment by independent models. On this basis, an innovative solution of the block adjustment problem by Procrustes algorithms and the related computer program implementation are presented and discussed.The main advantage of the new proposed method is that it avoids the conventional least squares solution. For this reason, linearisation algorithms and the knowledge of a priori approximate values for the unknown parameters are not required. Once the model coordinates of the tie points are available and at least three control points are known, the Procrustes algorithms can directly provide, without further information, the tie point ground coordinates and the exterior orientation parameters.Furthermore, some numerical block adjustment solutions obtained by the new method in different areas of North Italy are compared to the conventional solution. The very simple data input process, the less memory requirements, the low computing time and the same level of accuracy that characterise the new algorithm with respect to a conventional one are verified with these tests.A block adjustment of 11 models, with 44 tie points and 14 control points, takes just a few seconds on an Intel PIII 400 MHz computer, and the total data memory required is less than twice the allocated space for the input data. This is because most of the computations are carried out on data matrices of limited size, typically 3×3. 相似文献
5.
Improving the orbit estimates of GPS satellites 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The Extended Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Orbit Model, an empirical orbit model proposed by Beutler and
colleagues in 1994, has been tested extensively since January 1996. Apart from six osculating Keplerian elements, this orbit
model consists of nine (instead of the conventional two) parameters to take into account the deterministic part of the force
field acting on the satellites. Based on the test results an improved orbit parameterization is proposed. The new orbit parameterization
consists of the conventional two parameters plus three additional parameters, a constant and two periodic terms (a cosine
and a sine term), in the X-direction to model the effects of the solar radiation pressure. Results based on one full year of routine orbit estimation,
using the original and the new orbit parameterization, are presented to demonstrate the superiority of the new approach. An
improvement of the orbit estimates with at least a factor of two is observed!
Received: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 30 November 1998 相似文献
6.
传统的后方交会最小二乘解法需要良好的外方位元素初值。在无初值或者初值不够精确的情况下,最小二乘迭代不容易收敛。在近景摄影测量或者计算机视觉等领域,往往不提供良好的初值,无法适用传统的后方交会解法。针对上述情况,本文提出了一种基于单应性矩阵的后方交会直接解法,在不需要初值的情况下,获取外方位元素的直接解。该方法根据单应性矩阵所描述的平面几何关系,利用单应性矩阵内在的约束条件,将后方交会问题转换为一个二元二次方程组的求解问题。该方法受舍入误差影响小,在无偶然误差的情况下,解算精度能达到10–9量级,能够避免传统直接解法计算复杂的问题,为传统的平差迭代解法提供良好的初值。此外,在多个控制点共面的情况下,该方法能够直接获得外方位元素的精确解。实验结果表明:在各种不同倾角拍摄的情况下,该方法均能够获得稳定的外方位元素,为后续的后方交会最小二乘算法提供良好的初值。采用本文方法计算的初值参与平差,能够达到与人工给定初值平差一致的精度,且迭代收敛速度是人工给定初值平差的2倍以上。在控制点共面的情况下,该方法的反投影精度能够达到亚像素级,且精度优于大部分主流的直接解法。 相似文献
7.
地图数字化数据坐标变换的相关性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将用于求定地图数字化坐标转换参数的已知点的地面坐标和数字化坐标都当作观测值，用随有参数的条件平差求定转换参数，对采用4个已知点、9个已知点分别进行相似与仿射变换进行了分析，计算了格网点之间的相关系数，进一步分析了格网点间相关系数的分布规律，对转换后的坐标相关性进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
目前对单位四元数描述空间旋转的应用,基本上是将其转换成旋转矩阵的形式,而忽略了单位四元数描述空间向量旋转具有描述几何关系的直观性以及运算简洁的优势。基于此提出一种基于单位四元数的单独像对相对定向法,方法首先采用向量描述同名光线,然后利用单位四元数描述立体像对中左右影像同名光线的变换关系,建立单位四元数共面条件方程模型,再按照带有约束条件的间接平差原理进行最小二乘平差,确定相对定向元素。针对RC30航空影像和低空无人机影像采用单位四元数法分别进行单独像对相对定向实验,结果表明单位四元数相对定向方法计算精度较高,为解决摄影测量中坐标变换问题提供更多选择。 相似文献
9.
提出了一种基于相交直线的相对定向方法,提取同名相交直线特征,根据相交条件方程获得相对定向元素。该方法完全不需要同名点数据,能够解决因同名点不足而无法准确定向的问题。通过航空影像、近景影像和倾斜影像的实验表明,该方法能够获得稳定的相对定向结果。采用本文提出的算法与传统的相对定向方法进行联合平差,能够进一步提高相对定向结果的精度和稳定性。 相似文献
10.
异轨遥感立体像对外方位元素的求解算法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在对异轨遥感立体像对外方位元素求解的基本模型进行系统阐述的基础上 ,讨论了基于共面条件的后方交会模型改化方法及其和基于共线方程的后方交会模型的融合。给出了外方位元素初值求解的实用算法 ,并利用实测立体像对数据进行了联合平差计算 ,取得了较好的结果 相似文献
11.
从独立法相对定向和连续法相对定向的数学模型出发,分析并得到在独立法相对定向和连续法相对定向中分别作为基准坐标系的基线坐标系与左方像空间坐标系间的转换关系,进而推导并给出独立法和连续法相对定向元素的直接转换的具体方法。仿真数据与真实数据实验结果表明:基于传统算法解算得到的独立(连续)法相对定向元素,可使用本文算法转换为连续(独立)法相对定向元素,且其相对定向精度指标与传统算法解算得到的连续(独立)法相对定向元素精度指标相当,满足实际生产精度要求。 相似文献
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T. A. Khlebnikova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):43-48
The author feels that the present methods for the determination of relative orientation elements on aerial photographs are not generally effective. She has conducted an experimental investigation and obtained a high degree of accuracy in the determination of these elements using a new algorithm and successive approximation. The author presents a general solution to the problem of relative orientation where approximate values of unknowns are no longer needed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1983, No. 11, pp. 29-32. 相似文献
14.
Total least squares adjustment in partial errors-in-variables models: algorithm and statistical analysis 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
The weighted total least squares (TLS) method has been developed to deal with observation equations, which are functions of both unknown parameters of interest and other measured data contaminated with random errors. Such an observation model is well known as an errors-in-variables (EIV) model and almost always solved as a nonlinear equality-constrained adjustment problem. We reformulate it as a nonlinear adjustment model without constraints and further extend it to a partial EIV model, in which not all the elements of the design matrix are random. As a result, the total number of unknowns in the normal equations has been significantly reduced. We derive a set of formulae for algorithmic implementation to numerically estimate the unknown model parameters. Since little statistical results about the TLS estimator in the case of finite samples are available, we investigate the statistical consequences of nonlinearity on the nonlinear TLS estimate, including the first order approximation of accuracy, nonlinear confidence region and bias of the nonlinear TLS estimate, and use the bias-corrected residuals to estimate the variance of unit weight. 相似文献
15.
Witold Prószyński 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(1):89-99
The paper presents an approach to internal reliability analysis of observation systems known as Errors-in-Variables (EIV) models with parameters estimated by the method of least squares. Such problems are routinely treated by total least squares adjustment, or orthogonal regression. To create a suitable environment for derivations in the analysis, a general nonlinear form of such EIV models is assumed, based on a traditional adjustment method of condition equations with unknowns, also known as the Gauss–Helmert model. However, in order to apply the method of reliability analysis based on the approach to response assessment in systems with correlated observations, presented in the earlier work of this author, it was necessary to confine the considerations to a quasi-linear form of the Gauss–Helmert model, representing quasi-linear EIV models. This made it possible to obtain a linear disturbance/response relationship needed in that approach. Several specific cases of quasi-linear EIV models are discussed. The derived formulas are consistent with those already functioning for standard least squares adjustment problems. The analysis shows that, as could be expected, the average level of response-based reliability for such EIV models under investigation is lower than that for the corresponding standard linear models. For EIV models with homoscedastic and uncorrelated observations, the relationship between the average reliability indices for the independent and the dependent variables is formulated for multiple regression and coordinate transformations. Numerical examples for these two applications are provided to illustrate this analysis. 相似文献
16.
A Bayesian method for linear, inequality-constrained adjustment and its application to GPS positioning 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
One of the typical approaches to linear, inequality-constrained adjustment (LICA) is to solve a least-squares (LS) problem subject to the linear inequality constraints. The main disadvantage of this approach is that the statistical properties of the estimate are not easily determined and thus no general conclusions about the superiority of the estimate can be made. A new approach to solving the LICA problem is proposed. The linear inequality constraints are converted into prior information on the parameters with a uniform distribution, and consequently the LICA problem is reformulated into a Bayesian estimation problem. It is shown that the LS estimate of the LICA problem is identical to the Bayesian estimate based on the mode of the posterior distribution. Finally, the Bayesian method is applied to GPS positioning. Results for four field tests show that, when height information is used, the GPS phase ambiguity resolution can be improved significantly and the new approach is feasible. 相似文献
17.
基于对偶四元数可统一描述位置与姿态的特点,提出了利用对偶四元数求解线阵卫星遥感影像外方位元素的方法。该方法使用对偶四元数的实部描述传感器的姿态,并利用对偶部和实部共同描述成像传感器的位置。通过对位置和姿态的内插建立了基于对偶四元数的外方位元素模型。为减少运算,将球面线性插值进行化简,进而建立了基于线性插值的成像几何模型。为求解外方位元素,首先对共线条件方程进行了线性化,然后通过矩阵微分运算推导了线元素的虚拟观测方程,并根据误差传播定律确定其权值,最终采用具有约束条件的参数平差法求解外方位元素。试验结果表明本文方法正确可靠,与采用欧拉角和单位四元数的外方位元素求解方法相比,有更高的参数解算精度,同时也表明了准确的初值和虚拟观测方程对外方位元素求解的必要性。 相似文献
18.
相机的外方位元素是摄影测量立体重建的重要参数。通过3维直接线性变换,利用3维控制场可以很容易地确定相机的外方位元素。文中提出并推导了在2维控制场的条件下,利用2维直接线性变换和共线方程之间的关系分解出相机外方位元素的实用算法。实验结果验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。 相似文献
19.
地面激光扫描多站点云整体定向平差模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了一次性解算多站地面扫描点云坐标转换参数,将各站点云坐标转换成工程测量指定坐标,提出基于光束法区域网平差的数学模型。以扫描站射向标靶中心的光束为单元建立平差方程,并将基于罗德里格矩阵的坐标转换方程作为平差的基础方程;单光束列立附有未知数的条件方程,公共标靶上相交的光束列立附有限制条件的方程。根据观测值选择的不同,可将数学模型分为六种。以“假设指定坐标无误差,扫描坐标为有误差的观测值”的数学模型进行多站点云定向实验,结果表明其外部符合精度达到厘米级,精度明显高于独立模型法;扫描坐标经转换后,能满足1:500地形图测量精度。 相似文献
20.
On the spatial distribution of buildings for map generalization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Information on spatial distribution of buildings must be explored as part of the process of map generalization. A new approach is proposed in this article, which combines building classification and clustering to enable the detection of class differences within a pattern, as well as patterns within a class. To do this, an analysis of existing parameters describing building characteristics is performed via principal component analysis (PCA), and four major parameters (i.e. convex hull area, IPQ compactness, number of edges, and smallest minimum bounding rectangle orientation) are selected for further classification based on similarities between building characteristics. A building clustering method based on minimum spanning tree (MST) considering rivers and roads is then applied. Theory and experiments show that use of a relative neighbor graph (RNG) is more effective in detecting linear building patterns than either a nearest neighbor graph (NNG), an MST, or a Gabriel graph (GssG). Building classification and clustering are therefore conducted separately using experimental data extracted from OpenStreetMap (OSM), and linear patterns are then recognized within resultant clusters. Experimental results show that the approach proposed in this article is both reasonable and efficient for mining information on the spatial distribution of buildings for map generalization. 相似文献