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时间域电磁响应的正演计算多是由频率域响应经逆Laplace变换而得到.逆Laplace变换的计算精度和效率是时间域电磁响应计算中方法选择的重要指标.论文分析了几种逆Laplace变换的算法机制,并优选出Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源层状模型的时间域电磁响应.逆Laplace变换常用的算法有折线法、数字滤波算法和Gaver-Stehfest算法(简称G-S算法).折线法需要精细地确定分割步长以提高精度,数字滤波算法系数很多,适应频率范围受计算问题所限,而G-S算法受计算机字长和问题对象的影响大.本文在64位计算平台中计算比较了G-S算法、Euler算法和Talbot算法的节点数对于精度的影响,发现Talbot算法受节点数影响小,计算精度高,适应频率范围宽.最后利用21点Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源轴向偶极装置均匀大地模型径向电场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,计算精度及响应时间范围均优于G-S算法.计算了水平电偶源赤道偶极装置均匀大地模型垂直磁场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,冲激响应峰值时刻对于电阻率的变化响应灵敏,与轴向偶极径向电场响应能力相当,但垂直磁场随收发距增大,衰减较快.根据层状模型阶跃响应晚期渐近值计算的视电阻率,水平电偶源轴向偶极径向电场有能力发现大埋深高阻或低阻薄层,收发距应大于中间目标层埋深的5~6倍方可完整探测,类似的,采用水平电偶源赤道偶极装置测量垂直磁场也能达到与之相当的探测能力.计算结果证实了21点Talbot算法适应不同地电模型、不同观测方式的时间域电磁响应计算. 相似文献
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时间域航空电磁系统的探测深度是一项关键技术参数,在系统研制设计和资料解释中都有重要作用.当目标层与围岩电性差异不大或目标层引起的异常响应不明显时,常规的估算探测深度方法不再适用,为克服这种缺陷,本文提出了一种系统探测深度的估算方法,该方法通过模拟电场在均匀半空间模型和层状模型中的扩散过程,记录电场最大幅值在地下的瞬时位置,将系统的探测深度定义为观测到的响应值等于给定的噪声水平时,对应时刻的地下介质中感应电场幅度的最大值对应的深度.论文以我国自主研制的直升机时间域航空电磁系统CHTEM-I为例,根据对不同条件下的计算结果的分析,给出了探测深度与模型电导率、飞行高度和噪声水平之间的关系曲线,并总结出一些能够提高系统探测深度的建议.结果表明半空间模型电导率在0.000295~0.0422S/m范围内,CHTEM-I系统可以在噪声水平与t-0.5成正比条件下达到300m的探测深度.本文方法的估算结果不受模型层厚薄,或目标层与围岩电性差异小等因素影响,因而具有较高的实用性.文中的结论对时间域航空电磁系统设计有理论指导意义,也可用于其它时间域电磁勘探系统探测深度的估算. 相似文献
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时间域航空电磁系统的探测深度是一项关键技术参数,在系统研制设计和资料解释中都有重要作用.当目标层与围岩电性差异不大或目标层引起的异常响应不明显时,常规的估算探测深度方法不再适用,为克服这种缺陷,本文提出了一种系统探测深度的估算方法,该方法通过模拟电场在均匀半空间模型和层状模型中的扩散过程,记录电场最大幅值在地下的瞬时位置,将系统的探测深度定义为观测到的响应值等于给定的噪声水平时,对应时刻的地下介质中感应电场幅度的最大值对应的深度.论文以我国自主研制的直升机时间域航空电磁系统CHTEM-I为例,根据对不同条件下的计算结果的分析,给出了探测深度与模型电导率、飞行高度和噪声水平之间的关系曲线,并总结出一些能够提高系统探测深度的建议.结果表明半空间模型电导率在0.000295~0.0422 S/m范围内,CHTEM-I系统可以在噪声水平与t－0.5成正比条件下达到300 m的探测深度.本文方法的估算结果不受模型层厚薄,或目标层与围岩电性差异小等因素影响,因而具有较高的实用性.文中的结论对时间域航空电磁系统设计有理论指导意义,也可用于其它时间域电磁勘探系统探测深度的估算. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
频率域航空电磁响应计算中,如何计算积分方程是频率域航空电磁法正演计算的难点,本文把电磁响应计算公式分解成汉克尔变换式和普通积分或者超几何函数的两项之和,然后分析核函数中反射系数的衰减规律,通过对比线性滤波算法和直接数值积分法的积分效果,选择了120点线性滤波算法计算汉克尔变换,采用高密度方法在确保计算精度的条件下显著提高了频率域航空电磁响应计算效率.针对强磁性区域频率域航空电磁法反演问题,在传统相位矢量图只包含电阻率和飞行高度两个参数的基础上,添加了磁导率的计算,绘制了包含磁导率、电阻率、飞机飞行高度三个参数的三维相位矢量图,计算结果表明,三维相位矢量图插值可以用于简单的一维模型,反演速度快、效率高,有助于提高磁性区域地下目标体的探测准确率,对于强磁性区域航空电磁法视电阻率填图是一种行之有效的勘探方法. 相似文献
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航空电磁法的探测能力受飞行高度、发射波形、发射磁矩和发射基频等因素的影响,致使不同分量间的勘探能力存在差异.航空电磁如对所有磁场和磁感应分量、on-和off-time数据进行观测和解释,不仅数据量大、耗时长,而且出现大量冗余数据.目前国内针对此问题尚无系统解决方法.本文针对吊舱式直升机航空电磁系统,采用积分方程法求解频率域响应,经汉克尔变换转换到时间域,计算了地下三维目标体的B和dB/dt时间域响应.利用异常体响应与背景场响应作比值,并通过设定响应阀值定义最大勘探深度,进而分析不同发射波形、不同分量以及on-和off-time期间的航空电磁系统的探测能力.基于本文分析手段,可根据实际勘探目标,确定一套探测能力较强的航空电磁最佳参数组合,为野外测量和数据处理提供技术指导,高效完成勘探任务. 相似文献
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固定翼时间域航空电磁探测系统在实际飞行测量过程中,发射线圈、接收线圈姿态和吊舱摆动状态不断变化,在测量数据中引入如发射磁矩方向、接收分量方向以及系统收发距等参数的误差,影响数据反演成像效果.本文基于固定翼时间域航空电磁正演理论,利用姿态变换,引入发射线圈、接收线圈双旋转矩阵;根据发射、接收线圈相对位置的几何关系,求得摆动格林张量;推导了任意姿态角度以及任意摆动角度情况下的固定翼航空电磁响应三分量计算表达式.通过层状大地模型的仿真计算,分别研究了发射、接收线圈各姿态以及吊舱摆动状态对航空电磁响应的影响,得出发射线圈、接收线圈俯仰旋转和吊舱同向摆动对系统电磁响应影响最强;仿真分析了实际测量中,三种角度同时存在情况下,航空电磁响应的定量变化规律.在此基础上,讨论了响应系数与大地电导率的关系,同时给出基于响应系数的固定翼航空电磁系统线圈姿态和摆动状态校正方法,准二维层状大地模型反演结果表明,校正后数据的反演精度提高了33.1%. 相似文献
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磁偶极子的航空频率域电磁法仪器在飞行测量的过程中由于仪器偏置的存在,且仪器偏置会随着外部气压、温度等环境因素以及收发线圈晃动的影响而呈现非线性变化,使得观测数据出现误差,因此需要对仪器偏置进行校正.而传统的在测线飞行前后将仪器抬至高空的"零场值"标定方法具有成本高、受测区环境影响大以及采用线性插值获取测线飞行过程中仪器偏置的精度低等缺点.本文根据仪器偏置与仪器姿态角变化无关的特性,通过测得仪器的姿态角信息,在满足重叠偶极子模型的条件下,实现对仪器偏置的高精度实时校正.模型仿真结果表明,在30m常规飞行高度下,该方法实时测得的仪器偏置精度接近于110m高空测得的精度;校正后仪器偏置的绝对误差与理论二次场的比值即相对误差小于5%,满足反演大地电导率的精度要求.该方法不仅减少了飞行的工作量,降低了飞行成本和飞行难度,而且可更加精确地获得测线飞行过程中仪器偏置的非线性变化值,提高航测数据的观测精度. 相似文献
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多辐射源地空瞬变电磁响应三维数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地空瞬变电磁法结合地面和航空电磁法的优点,可实现探测深度和工作效率的平衡.当前地空瞬变电磁法采用单一线源激发电磁辐射场,仅能从一个侧面与地质体耦合,难以获得地质体的全息影像.采用多辐射源是解决这一问题的途径.本文采用三维矢量有限元法对两个不同地质体多个辐射源情况下的地空瞬变电磁响应开展了模拟研究,分析了多辐射源在不同辐射方向、不同飞行高度电磁响应的分布特征.研究表明,由多辐射场源作为地空电磁法的发射源,通过分散布设的线源,可以在地下激发与地质体多方位耦合的电磁场,能够获得地下地质体多方位不同高度情况下的耦合信息.同时,多辐射场源能够增强源电磁场的辐射强度,减少单一线源体积效应影响,飞行高度较低时可获得较强的响应幅值,研究结果为多辐射地空瞬变电磁法深部精细探测提供理论依据. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(2):158-175
The interpretation of airborne VLF data represents an important aspect of geophysical mapping of the upper few hundred meters of the Earth's crust, especially in areas with crystalline rocks. We have examined the ability of the single frequency VLF method to provide quantitative subsurface resistivity information using two generic models and standard airborne parameters with a flight altitude of 70 m and a frequency of 16 kHz. The models are long thin conductor (10 m thick, 10 Ω m resistivity and 1 km long) and a wider buried conductive dike (100 Ω m resistivity and 500 m wide). Using standard regularized inversion it turned out that for both models the conductivity of the conductors are underestimated and the vertical resolution is rather poor. The lateral positions of the minimum of the resistivity distributions coincide well with the true positions of the shallow conductors. For deeper conductors the position of the minimum resistivity moves from the edges of the conductor into the conductor. The depth to the minimum of the resistivity anomalies correlates well with the true depth to the top of the conductors although the latter is always smaller than the former.Interpretation of field airborne data collected at 70 m flight height resolved both small scale and large scale near surface conductors (conductance ∼1 S). Deeper conductors show up in the VLF data as very long wavelength anomalies that are particularly powerful in delineating the lateral boundaries of the conductors. Many of the VLF anomalies in the Stockholm area are dominated by these deep conductor responses with some near surface conductors superimposed. The deep conductors often follow topographic lows coinciding with metasediments. We interpret the frequent absence of near surface responses at 70 m flight height as a result of weak coupling between the primary VLF wave and the small scale (in all three dimensions) near-surface conductors.Radio magnetotelluric (RMT) ground measurements were carried out along a short profile coinciding with part of an airborne profile. Using data at 9 frequencies (14–250 kHz) small scale conductors in the upper few tens of meters, not identified from the airborne data, could be well resolved. Large scale deeper conductors could be identified by both methods at nearly the same positions. 相似文献
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Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(9)
The North China Craton is the oldest continental block, and has suffered from large-scale lithospheric thinning and destruction, which in turn led to gold deposits in northern China. The decratonic gold deposits in the North China Craton became the most important gold deposits in China, and geophysical methods are key means to detect and discover gold deposits there. In this paper, based on the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the North China Craton, the geological model of the decratonic gold deposits is transformed into a geophysical model. At present, two methods of geophysical exploration of decratonic gold deposits are in use: rapid and efficient exploration on the scale of the ore concentration area, and large depth exploration on the scale of the deposit area. In detail, the airborne electromagnetic,magnetic and gravity methods are used to detect the shallow(1,500 m) anomaly area on the scale of the ore concentration area.Through the ground-controlled source electromagnetic and ground magnetotelluric methods, explorations for targets at significant depth(5,000 m) are carried out in the mining area. Then, taking the Liaodong ore concentration area as an example,geophysical methods are used to discover two prospecting areas around the Jianshanzi Fault in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area, Baiyun-Xiaotongjiapuzi deep prospecting area, and Qingchengzi deep prospecting area. Next, three prospecting areas are delineated around the Jixingou Fault in the Wulong mining area, Wulong deep prospecting area, Weishagou deep prospecting area, and Chang'an deep prospecting area. The anomalies in the ore concentration area and mining area are revealed by means of three-dimensional exploration methods, thereby providing technical support for the exploration of metal minerals such as decratonic gold deposits. 相似文献
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Airborne EM skin depths 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Beamish 《Geophysical Prospecting》2004,52(5):439-449
Skin depth is an electromagnetic (EM) scale length that provides a measure of the degree of attenuation experienced by a particular frequency of an EM system. As has been discussed in the literature, skin depth is not a complete measure of the depth of investigation, but the two may be related. Frequency‐domain airborne EM systems employ pairs of transmitter and receiver coils that use a frequency range from several hundred hertz to over 100 kHz. For elevated dipoles, both geometrical and frequency‐dependent attenuation of the induced fields must be considered. For airborne EM systems it is possible to define a skin depth based only on the electric field induced by the transmitter. A vertical decay scale length, here defined from the at‐surface position of maximum electric field, enables the same skin‐depth estimate to be obtained for both cases of vertical and horizontal dipolar excitation. Such dipolar skin depths associated with towed‐bird and fixed‐wing airborne systems are studied in relation to frequency, conductivity and sensor elevation. Dipolar skin depths are found to be much smaller than their plane‐wave counterparts except at high frequency (>50 kHz) and in combination with high conductivity. For the majority of airborne systems the influence of altitude on skin depth is highly significant. Dipolar skin depths increase with increasing sensor elevation. Low frequencies display the greatest sensitivity. At low elevation (<40 m), geometrical attenuation dominates the behaviour of the skin depth. The study indicates that typical low‐altitude airborne surveys provide vertically compact assessments of subsurface conductivity, well suited to near‐surface, environmental applications. 相似文献
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Julian Vrbancich 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(4):633-651
Previous studies using commercial airborne electromagnetic equipment that is not optimized for marine surveying have demonstrated the use of airborne electromagnetic methods for measuring water depth and estimating sediment thickness. A new prototype helicopter time-domain airborne electromagnetic system, SeaTEM(0), is now under development for bathymetric surveying. The first sea trial of the SeaTEM(0) system took place over Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia, in shallow water up to ∼30 m in depth. Broken Bay was chosen because the separate paleodrainage systems for the Hawkesbury River, Brisbane Water and Pittwater, which join in Broken Bay give rise to paleovalleys infilled with unconsolidated sediments, ranging in thickness between 0 m (bedrock outcrop) and ∼200 m. The survey area also included a tombolo with a beach either side, which provided the opportunity to measure water depth through a surf zone. Sediment thickness and water depth is predicted from stitched layered-earth inversion of data based on a simplified two-layer model that represents seawater and sediment overlying a resistive half-space basement (bedrock). The resulting bathymetric profiles show agreement typically to within ∼±1 m and ∼±0.5 m with known water depths in areas less than 20 and 6 m deep respectively. The inverted depth profile of the second (sediment) layer is noisy; however, the profiles reveal coarse topographic features of paleovalleys to depth limits of ∼60 to 80 m below sea level in 20 to 30 m water depth, as well as resolving bedrock ridges and exposed reefs in shallow waters. 相似文献
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以无人飞艇作为载体的时域地空电磁探测系统,具有高效、低成本、勘探深度大和空间分辨率高等优点.本文基于二维有限差分方法,分析了长导线源地空电磁响应的特征和变化规律、以及飞行高度的影响;在此基础上,采用32位Cortex-M3内核处理器,以全差分模拟前端压制电磁干扰,实现了24位低噪声多通道海量电磁数据的同步采样及存储,研制了一套可搭载于无人飞艇的时域电磁接收系统,并基于Wi-Fi Mesh无线多跳网络实现了地面远程监控.通过分析飞艇发动机的电磁噪声特点,采用独立分量分析法进行实测数据的噪声去除.研制的地空电磁接收系统使用无人飞艇搭载,在江苏省南通市如东县和内蒙古巴彦宝力格地区进行了电磁探测实验,地空电磁勘探结果与地面瞬变电磁和大地电磁方法进行了对比,证明了地空电磁探测方法的有效性.无人飞艇时域地空电磁探测系统的成功飞行实验,为在我国草原沙漠地区、海陆交互地带、沼泽地带、无人山区等特殊景观地区开展矿产资源、水资源、地质灾害等电磁探测提供了新方法和新思路. 相似文献