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1.
依据前人有关资料,初步研究总结了甘肃北山南带主要岩（矿）石反射波谱曲线特征及地质意义,探讨区内与金矿化密切相关的岩石、构造及热流蚀变带在遥感图像上的主要特征及解译标志,指出该地区ＴＭ图像彩色合成最佳波段组合模式为：ＴＭ７（红）＋ＴＭ５（绿）＋ＴＭ４（蓝）,为进行图像功能处理和计算机提取蚀变信息等遥感技术方法的应用研究提供了依据 相似文献
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新疆北部地区泥盆－石炭纪为地壳拉张期,形成大规模洋壳建造,并形成该地区固体矿产的主要矿源层。本文利用重、磁、波谱资料进一步为此论点提出、佐证。同时,通过对金矿地质体地物波谱的测试和研究,为利用遥感技术直接勘探金矿提出理论依据。 相似文献
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Hassan Mohamed Hakim Saibi Mohand Bersi Sami Abdelnabi Baher Geith Hamdy Ismaeil Thomas Tindell Hideki Mizunaga 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(21):674
The Um Salatit is a gold occurrence situated in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The studied area is characterized by an intensive imbrication zone of serpentinites and metavolcanic rocks. The integrated use of aeromagnetic and spectral reflectance remote sensing data has proved effective for mapping geology related to ore deposits. Spectral reflectance maps have been produced to discriminate various rocks, such as serpentinites, gabbros, and metavolcanic rocks. 3-D inversion of aeromagnetic data acquired over the Um Salatit study area produced a 3-D magnetic susceptibility model showing magnetic bodies surrounded by less magnetic host rock. The magnetic features are elongated ENE-WSW parallel to the major thrust fault and mapped the Um Salatit serpentinized rocks. Remote sensing data allow investigating surficial geological features and mapping the mineralized areas. Remote results, in conjunction with 3-D inversion of aeromagnetic data, demonstrate that gold occurrence in the study area was effectively restricted to the highly magnetic zone interpreted as host rocks. 相似文献
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Imaging spectrometry for geological remote sensing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Without use of imaging spectrometry, imaging of the Earth's surface from aircraft and from spacecraft is hampered by the low spectral resolution and limited number of spectral bands, typically less than 10 bands of 100 to 200 nm width. Imaging spectrometry in remote sensing concerns the acquisition of image data in many narrow (< 40 nm wide) contiguous spectral bands with the ultimate goal of producing detailed spectral reflectance curves for each pixel in the image. Many minerals and rocks have unique spectral signatures with characteristic absorption features that are 20 to 40 nm wide. Imaging spectrometers allow to depict these narrow features and thus map surface mineralogy based on spectral image characterization. This paper gives a review of imaging spectrometry and addresses the following topics: airborne and spaceborne systems available, spectral and geometric data pre-processing, atmospheric correction, techniques for thematic data analysis, and applications in the field of geological remote sensing. In the final section a case study is described where imaging spectrometer data is used for mapping surface mineralogy in a hydrothermal alteration system, thus guiding gold exploration. 相似文献
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油砂作为21世纪以来世界能源的重要组成部分,已经有大量的地质工作者对其形成的地质特征、成矿带分布特征等进行了详细研究,并取得一定成果,但是对于遥感在油砂勘探中的应用少有研究。遥感技术识别不同地物的理论基础是同一波长位置处的反射率差异及反射率随波长的变化规律,因此本文通过分析油砂的实测光谱数据,得到其反射光谱的特征及规律。为实现在Landsat 8OLI卫星遥感影像上对油砂的识别,根据油砂实测光谱的研究,分别提出基于油砂光谱特征和相关性分析的Landsat 8遥感影像油砂识别模式,并将其应用在柴达木盆地冷湖和马海两个研究区。结果表明:利用遥感影像进行油砂找矿靶区圈定是可行的;本文总结出的基于相关性分析的油砂提取模式优于光谱特征分析模式;冷湖地区用比值方法进行油砂遥感信息增强效果较好,马海地区则差值方法较好。 相似文献
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遥感岩性识别研究的发展趋势--遥感与航空放射性信息集成 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
张万良 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(1):88-91
岩石的吸收光谱主要是由杂质、包体、蚀变及替代成分产生的,每种岩石都难以形成象它的组成成分那样具有可分辨的很清晰的光谱特征;不同类型的岩石放射性元素的含量和分布特征是不同的,岩石放射性信息是岩性识别研究的重要判据。遥感与航空放射性信息的集成．既能提取光谱图像中的光语信息和空间纹理信息。又可利用航空放射性信息常常具有的甚至是诊断性的岩性识别能谱标志。能明显提高识别岩性的精度,更重要的是能谱不受值被的影响,有利于识别植被覆盖区的岩性。因此,这可能是遥感岩性识别研究的发展趋势之一。 相似文献
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四川甲基卡矿田是中国乃至于世界上锂矿资源最集中的地区之一,目前运用遥感技术开展甲基卡型锂矿的研究工作尚较为薄弱,文章运用遥感技术在甲基卡特殊地貌区开展找矿填图应用研究,建立了研究区典型岩石及矿物的波谱数据库,总结了研究区黑云母片岩、十字石片岩、十字石堇青石片岩、角岩、二云母花岗岩、含锂辉石伟晶岩、无矿伟晶岩、石英脉、长石斑晶、锂辉石单晶、云母、绿柱石的波谱特征;之后分别基于中等分辨率遥感数据Landsat 8和高空间分辨率遥感数据Geoeye-1进行图像处理和信息提取,开展了地质填图应用初步研究。研究结果表明遥感技术作为一种新兴的技术手段,对甲基卡型锂矿的填图及找矿具有重要的指导意义,可以作为今后地质找矿工作的"先头兵"。 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿蚀变岩石的光谱特征及其意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
地物的光谱特征是遥感识别地物的主要依据,不同地物的反射光谱具有其特定的吸收特征谱带。利用ASD和PIMA反射光谱测试仪对新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿Ⅱ号、Ⅴ号斑岩铜矿岩体的蚀变围岩(地表采样与钻井采样)进行测试,并对结果进行分析总结。根据反射光谱特征谱带获得蚀变矿物的种类,确定了岩体的蚀变矿物组合,得到反射光谱的吸收谷在ASTER数据中所处的波段;对反射光谱曲线进行数学积分,获得ASTER数据中的强吸收波段。将以上2种分析得到的吸收性波段组合应用于蚀变遥感异常信息提取,结果表明蚀变遥感异常与野外地质特征吻合程度较高。反射光谱分析表明确定岩石矿物的反射光谱特征谱带是进行遥感信息提取工作的前提,波段组合选取对提取蚀变遥感异常信息非常重要。 相似文献
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遥感岩石学的研究及其进展 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
结合近几年来的研究实践以及国内外大量研究成果的分析，提出了遥感地质学中的一个重要分支科学－－“遥感岩石学”的概念及定义，介绍了遥感岩石学的三个重要研究内容：（１）岩石，矿物的光谱特征研究；（２）机载遥感数据的岩石信息提取与识别；（３）星载遥感数据的岩石信息提取与识别，并对遥感岩石学的未来发展作了展望。 相似文献
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川西甲基卡锂矿基地典型岩石及矿物反射波谱特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
四川甲基卡矿田是中国乃至于世界上锂矿资源最集中的地区之一,目前对甲基卡锂矿床的光谱学认识还很欠缺。本文运用地物波谱仪对甲基卡地区野外采集的典型岩石及矿物开展波谱测试,建立了研究区样品的波谱数据库,总结了黑云母片岩、十字石片岩、十字石堇青石片岩、角岩、二云母花岗岩、含锂辉石伟晶岩、不含锂辉石伟晶岩、石英脉、长石斑晶、锂辉石、云母、绿柱石的波谱特征。研究结果表明:围岩与岩体波谱特征差异较大,围岩反射率一般在0. 2以下,吸收特征不明显,岩体反射率一般在0. 5以下,具有1413 nm、1911 nm、2197 nm三处不同程度的吸收特征;其中含矿伟晶岩、不含矿伟晶岩及花岗岩可以通过1413 nm及2197 nm等处的吸收特征进行区分;锂辉石及绿柱石具有独特的波谱特征,可以直接用于找矿。本文开展的甲基卡型锂矿地面波谱研究,对其高光谱遥感填图及地质找矿具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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地物波谱信息是多光谱遥感的基础、光谱信息所具有的特征反映了地物本身的存在、变化和差异。作为花岗岩岩石物理特性研究的一部分，笔者选择了广东早古生代两类花岗岩为研究对象测定并分析了两类花岗石及其围岩的反射光谱特征，并且依据它们光谱特性的差异。确定了遥感图象处理的技术和方法，为下一步该地区遥感图象识别花岗岩奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用TM数据进行金矿化蚀变信息提取方法探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用ＴＭ数据进行金矿蚀变信息提取时在以下几方面应予以考虑：不同研究区金矿床可能有不同的蚀变组合类型，进而有不同的波谱响应特征；如何有效剔除植被干扰因素的影响同时又不致于漏失植被发育区的蚀变信息；如何有效剔除与金矿成矿作用无关的地质单元和其他非地质干扰因素的影响，以冀北张家口金矿化集中区的一段作为研究区，在典型金矿地物波谱测试的基础上，通过波段比值分析，图象掩膜处理，Ｋ－Ｌ变换，２值化处理等步骤对上 相似文献
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Platinum-group elements in Cu-sulphide ores at Carolusberg and East Okiep, Namaqualand, South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. D. Maier 《Mineralium Deposita》2000,35(5):422-429
Cu-sulphide ores at Carolusberg and East Okiep have Cu/Ni ratios of up to 80, an order of magnitude higher than most magmatic
sulphide ores elsewhere. In contrast, Se/S ratios (500–1700 × 10−6) and PGE tenors (up to 5 ppm) of the sulphides are in the range of more typical magmatic sulphide ores. The observed metal
patterns may be explained by a process of monosulphide solid solution (mss) fractionation of a magmatic sulphide melt at depth,
but this model is currently considered unlikely, due to the paucity of refractory ores in the district. Assimilation of Cu-rich
country rocks during ascent of the Koperberg magmas proved difficult to test with the available data, but this provides no
explanation for the common high-grade metamorphic setting of similar ores elsewhere. A restitic origin of the pyroxenites
appears to explain many of the observed ore features and is presently favoured here. Desulphidization of a primary magmatic
sulphide ore could not have yielded the observed metal patterns and is therefore considered to be of relatively minor importance
in ore genesis.
Received: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 27 November 1999 相似文献
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W. D. Maier S.-J. Barnes G. Chinyepi J. M. BartonJr B. Eglington I. Setshedi 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(1):37-60
We studied a number of magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposits in two distinct belts in eastern Botswana. The Tati belt contains
several relatively small deposits (up to 4.5 Mt of ore at 2.05% Ni and 0.85% Cu) at Phoenix, Selkirk and Tekwane. The deposits
are hosted by ca 2.7 Ga, low- to medium-grade metamorphosed gabbroic–troctolitic intrusions situated within or at the periphery
of a greenstone belt. The deposits of the Selebi-Phikwe belt are larger in size (up to 31 Mt of ore grade). They are hosted
by high-grade metamorphosed gabbronorites, pyroxenites and peridotites believed to be older than ca 2.0 Ga that intruded gneisses
of the Central Zone of the Limpopo metamorphic belt. The composition of the sulfide mineralisation in the two belts shows
systematic variation. Most of the mineralisation in the Tati belt contains 2–9% Ni and 0.05–4% Cu (Cu/Cu + Ni = 0.4–0.7),
whereas most of the mineralisation in the Selebi-Phikwe belt contains 1–3% Ni and 0.1–4% Cu (Cu/Cu + Ni = 0.4–0.9). The Cu–Ni
tenors of the ores in both belts are consistent with crystallization from a basaltic magma. The Tati ores contain mostly >3 ppm
Pt + Pd (Pt/Pd 0.1–1), with Pd/Ir = 100–1,000, indicative of a differentiated basaltic magma that remained S-undersaturated
before emplacement. Most of the Selebi-Phikwe ores have <0.5 ppm Pt + Pd (Pt/Pd < 0.1–1), with Pd/Ir = 10–500. This suggests
a relatively less differentiated magma that reached S saturation before emplacement. The Tati rocks show flat mantle-normalised
incompatible trace element patterns (average Th/YbN = 1.57), except for strong enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, K). Such patterns are characteristic
of relatively uncontaminated oceanic arc magmas and suggest that the Tati intrusions were emplaced in a destructive plate
margin setting. Most of the Selebi-Phikwe rocks (notably Dikoloti) have more fractionated trace element signatures (average
Th/YbN = 4.22), possibly indicating digestion of upper crustal material during magma emplacement. However, as there are also samples
that have oceanic arc-like signatures, an alternative possibility is that the composition of most Selebi-Phikwe rocks reflects
tectonic mingling of the intrusive rocks with the country rocks. The implication is that orogenic belts may have a higher
prospectivity for magmatic Ni–Cu ores than presently recognised. The trigger mechanism for sulfide saturation and segregation
in all intrusions remains unclear. Whereas the host rocks to the intrusions appear to be relatively sulfur poor, addition
of crustal S to the magmas is suggested by low Se/S ratios in some of the ores (notably at Selebi-Phikwe). External S sources
may thus remain unidentified due to poor exposure and/or S mobility in response to metamorphism. 相似文献
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本文依据西北某地一次综合性航空遥感试验取得的多光谱图象、热红外扫描图象和微波辐射等遥感资料,结合室内对岩矿测量的反射率、复合介电系数、等效温度等资料,用目视判释法对该区地质问题进行了研究。提出了热红外遥感资料和微波遥感资料对寻找铁和水资源前途,同时对断裂构造的判释也很有意义。 相似文献
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Gilgit-Baltistan region is covering the northern most part of Pakistan where the rocks of the Kohistan-Ladakh island arc and Karakoram plate are exposed. The area has greater potential for precious and base metals deposits which are needed to be explored through spectroscopy and remote sensing techniques. Minerals and rocks can nowadays be identified through the measurement of their absorption and reflectance features by spectroscopic analysis. Spectral reflectance analysis is also very important in selecting the appropriate spectral bands for remote-sensing data analysis of unknown or inaccessible areas. In this study, reflectance spectra in the spectral range of 0.35–2.5 μm of different types of unaltered and altered rocks found in the Machulu and Astor areas of northern Pakistan were obtained using an ASD spectroradiometer. The fresh rock samples showed low spectral reflectance as compared to the altered rock samples. The minerals jarosite, goethite, and hematite showed depth of absorption minima in the range of 0.4–1.15 μm due to the presence of iron (Fe), while jarosite and limonite showed absorption depth at 2.2 μm due to the presence of hydroxyl ions (OH¯). The clay minerals montmorillonite and illite showed absorption depth at 1.93 and 2.1 μm, respectively. Muscovite showed depth of absorption minima at 1.4 and 1.9 μm in some samples. Calcite showed deep absorption minima at 2.32 μm, while anorthite showed absorption features at 1.4, 1.9, 2.24, and 2.33 μm. Olivine showed a slight depressed absorption feature at 1.07 μm. The copper-bearing phases malachite, chrysocolla, and azurite showed, respectively, a broad absorption feature in the range of 0.6–0.9 μm, a small absorption at 1.4 μm, and a deep absorption at 1.93 μm. The unmineralized samples exhibited high reflectance in the wavelength ranges of 0.6–0.8, 1.6–1.9, 2.0–2.3, 2.1–2.25, and 2.4–2.5 μm, respectively, while the mineralized samples showed reflectance bands in the wavelength ranges of 0.4–0.6, 1.3–1.8, and 2.1–2.2 μm. On this basis, the band ratio combinations 7/5–4/3–6/3 and 7/5–6/3–4/3 of Landsat 8 and 4/7–4/3–2/1 for ASTER data were found to be very effective in the lithological differentiation of major rock units. 相似文献
19.
典型地物波谱知识库建库与波谱服务的若干问题 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
地物波谱知识库的建立旨在满足应用需求。为达到数据的共享,波谱知识库应对遥感实验测量的波谱数据和相关信息如观测规范、实验环境有清楚的说明,即要有完备的元数据让用户知道波谱知识库中是什么样的数据。为弥补地面测量数据与用户需要数据的时间空间尺度差异,用于外延观测数据的遥感物理模型必不可少;这要求收集分析遥感物理模型,评价其适用条件并创建模型元数据,使用户了解在其工作条件下有何适用的模型,模型的依据是什么;同时波谱库使用遥感物理解析模型和计算机模拟模型完成植被参数的时间扩展和沿叶片-冠层-像元 3个层次的观测尺度空间扩展,从而产生像元尺度可见光到热红外波段的参考波谱。为实现因特网上的波谱知识共享,需要研究如何组织波谱数据和模型,让用户方便地远程检索实测的典型地物波谱数据,并可以实时获取由遥感物理模型外延的波谱数据。从上述 3个方面归纳了波谱库建设和服务需要解决的 6个问题。 相似文献
20.
辽宁兴城地区岩石光谱测试及特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在辽宁兴城野外实习基地采用ASD光谱仪完成不同岩石样品光谱测试的基础上, 分析了不同类型、不同地质时代的岩浆岩和沉积岩, 及其风化面和新鲜面的光谱曲线特征。兴城野外不同岩浆岩与沉积岩光谱曲线形态相似, 新鲜面和风化面的特征光谱吸收位置相差不大, 但新鲜面的反射率普遍高于风化面的反射率;岩浆岩和沉积岩样品一般在波长为900 nm左右存在铁离子吸收谷;除了在1 400 nm和1 900 nm处有水汽吸收带外, 岩浆岩和沉积岩样品在2 200 nm左右还存在强吸收谷, 而灰岩在2 300 nm左右有比较高的吸收谷, 这也是利用实测光谱进行岩性分类的理论基础。但是, 不同地质年代下的岩石光谱曲线变化并无规律, 更多地与岩石结构、成分和环境因素等相关。这样, 岩石光谱测试及其特征分析可满足研究区岩性识别、矿化蚀变信息提取的需要。 相似文献