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1.
Doklady Earth Sciences - Using satellite data on the sea surface temperature since 1985 (with a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°) and the sea surface wind since 1992 (on a grid of... 相似文献
2.
Soil aggregate stability has been known as one of the most important soil properties which is influenced by cultivation system. This study investigates the effect of different cultivation systems on aggregate stability indices in two statuses of dry (DSA?>?0.25 mm) and wet (WSA?>?0.25 mm). The study was done in six cultivation systems consisting wheat, barley, maize, alfalfa, fallow, and plowed farms. The results showed that aggregate stability indices affected significantly by the type of cultivation system. In contrast, no meaningful effect of soil depth (0–10 and 10–20 cm) on selected soil properties was observed. In addition, soil primary particles as well as organic carbon differed significantly between the cultivation systems. Wheat and alfalfa farms consisted of larger aggregates, while water-stable aggregate for wheat found to be in a greater degree. Moreover, wheat and barley showed the highest contents of organic carbon. The results of WSA?>?0.25 mm indicated that the correlation coefficients for sand, silt, clay, and organic carbon contents were ?0.67, 0.74, 0.12, and 0.70, respectively. Compared to the DSA?>?0.25 mm, the effect of soil organic carbon on the WSA?>?0.25 mm was arisen while the influence of clay fraction reduced. 相似文献
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末次冰期间冰阶晚期长江中游风尘堆积及环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
定山砂山剖面的下层灰黄色土-淤泥沉积，为末次冰期间冰阶（40～22kaBP）区域降尘堆积。灰黄色土层与淤泥为同源异相沉积，粒度组合基本相同，无特征性差异。频数曲线都以双峰为特征，第一峰为主峰，众值8～32 μm；第二为次峰，众值250～500μm。9.75±0.25Φ~4.25±0.25Φ(1 ~62.5μm)在垂向上具有相似的线形变化，组成第一峰态，各粒级垂向上的含量变化是区域冬季风强弱变化的敏感指标；2.25±0.25Φ ~-0.75±0.25Φ (180~2000 μm)具有相似的线形，组成第二峰态，各粒级剖面含量变化则揭示了冬半年环境干湿状况与局地尘暴事件。在对应区域降尘堆积较弱的两个时段，存在局地尘暴的增强事件，指示局地冬半年环境干燥。 相似文献
5.
由滨海盐渍土的盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化引起的土的低强度和大变形问题,可通过麦秸秆加筋的方法予以应对。加筋土的抗压强度及应力应变特性与麦秸秆的加筋长度、加筋率和土的含水率有关。加筋土的抗压强度试验结果证实：0.25%加筋率的加筋土抗压强度最大,0.20%和0.30%的次之;50 mm加筋长度加筋土的抗压强度最大,70 mm的最小。0.25%加筋率的加筋土应力应变曲线的峰值最大;随加筋长度的增加,加筋率对应力应变的影响程度降低。随加筋长度的增加,加筋土的应力应变曲线由应变软化型渐变为应变硬化型,以70 mm加筋长度的最为明显。低于最优含水率,应力应变曲线存在峰值;高于最优含水率,加筋土逐渐转向塑性变形。总结麦秸秆加筋土的抗压强度和应力应变的变化规律,为后期的三轴抗剪强度及其偏应力应变特性研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
6.
基于可拓评判法的黑土肥力质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据黑土肥力的实验特点及前人研究成果,选取与养分和理化性质相关的10个评价指标,包括有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、酸碱度(pH)、容重(BD)、黏粒(CP)、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体(WSA>0.25)和分散率(DR),通过这些指标建立了新的黑土肥力质量评价体系。以该评价体系为参照,采用主成分分析法确定权重,运用可拓学理论对吉林省农业黑土的肥力质量进行综合评判。结果表明:WSA>0.25、BD和AP 3项指标权重最大,说明黑土肥力的主要限制因子可能为土壤的物理性质及有效磷肥含量;吉林省农业黑土的肥力质量以中等为主,占整个样品数的73%。 相似文献
7.
G. El Diwani Ph.D. S. El Rafie Ph.D. S. Hawash Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(3):369-378
Residue of methanolic extract of Egyptian Jatropha curcas contains bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds, which succeeded to be used as natural antioxidants for the protection of oils and their corresponding biodiesel against oxidative deterioration. In the present work, the residue of Jatropha roots were extracted with methanol and resulting residues, were investigated regarding their content of total phenolic compounds by folin-Cioalteau assay. Further, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were characterized by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical method and proved remarkable results. Oxidation stability of Jatropha oil, used fried oil and olive oil and their corresponding biodiesel obtained by conventional transesterification were tested using thermal oxidation. Natural antioxidants such as (α-trocopherol), synthetic antioxidants as butylated hydroxytoluene and natural Jatropha root extract were used in the present study in comparison to investigate their addition effect on the oxidative stability of oils and their corresponding biodiesel. In the rapied thermal treatment test, results showed that addition of butylated hydroxytoluene 0.25 % was able to stabilize Jatropha oil 6 h, but poorly stabiliz biodiesel. Addition of 0.25 % α-trocopherol to Jatropha oil showed less oxidation stability after 2 h thermal treatment. Crude root extract addition at 0.25% to Jatropha oil showed good stability up to 4 h thermal treatment while addition of root extract at 0.25 % to biodiesel showed better stability up to 6 h thermal treatment. Besides addition of 220 ppm crude root extract to biodiesel was enough sufficient to occure oxidative stabilization. Also Jatropha root residue addition at 400 ppm was effective antioxidant for fresh Jatropha oil. 相似文献
8.
粗粒料所处的应力状态具有随时间和空间而变的特点,往往处于较复杂的三维应力状态下。通过粗粒料大型真三轴各向等压固结等比例加载试验,研究了不同中主应力系数条件下粗粒料的强度特性。试验结果表明：中主应力对粗粒料的强度有重要影响,三维应力状态下,粗粒料的强度比常规三轴应力状态下有较大提高,大小主应力之差与大主应变关系曲线也更加陡峭;中主应力系数b从0增大到0.25时,破坏时大小主应力之差增加了39%～50%;摩尔–库仑强度参数咬合力c和内摩擦角? 均随着中主应力系数b的增大而增大,其中咬合力c的增长较为显著,特别是b从0增大到0.25时;相同小主应力条件下,b = 0时,破坏偏应力与球应力之比最小,b = 0.25时,破坏应力比达到最大值,随着b的增大破坏应力比又有所减小;相同中主应力系数条件下,随着小主应力的增大,破坏应力比逐渐减小。 相似文献
9.
Lars B. Clemmensen Lars Nielsen Mette Bendixen Andrew Murray 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(3):422-434
Flakket on the island of Anholt in Denmark is a cuspate foreland facing the microtidal Kattegat sea. It is composed of a number of beach ridges typically covered by dune sand and separated by swales and wetlands. OSL dating indicates that the evolution of Flakket began c. AD 1000. Foreland growth was punctuated by a major episode of coastal reorganization leading to coastal retreat c. AD 1800. Coastal retreat led to the formation of an erosion surface that separates older and higher‐lying beach‐ridge and swale deposits from younger and lower‐lying deposits. The palaeo‐sea level is deduced from the architecture of the deposits, and interpretation of ground‐penetrating radar data and geomophological observations indicates that relative sea level was about 1.90±0.25 m above present sea level c. AD 1000, but about 0.00±0.25 m relative to present sea level c. AD 1830 and c. AD 1870. Anholt is situated at the margin of the uplifted Fennoscandian area; assuming uplift to be about 1.2 mm a?1 it follows that absolute sea level was about +0.70±0.25 m at AD 1000, but around ?0.22±0.25 m at AD 1830 and around ?0.17±0.25 m at AD 1870. Within the uncertainties of the age control, the sea‐level indicators mapped by ground‐penetrating radar reflections and the variability of estimates of uplift found in the literature, the result obtained for AD 1000 is consistent with findings from the Stockholm area in Sweden and with a recently published global sea‐level curve. 相似文献
10.
我国69个城市地下水有机污染特征研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
全国31个省的69个城市地下水有机污染检测结果表明,在检测的791个样品中有383个至少有一项有机污染组分被检出,检出率为48.42％;有18个样品的单项有机污染组分超标,除苯并[a]芘外,超标组分全部为挥发性有机物,其超标率由高到低分别为:四氯化碳0.75％、苯0.5％、氯仿0.25％、1,2-二氯乙烷0.25％、三... 相似文献
11.
安徽淮北平原上新世—全新世岩石地层划分及其年龄 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽淮北平原５．０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来的地层名称较多，在各种地质文献中引用比较混乱，组的含义也不清楚。本文根据地层指南的要求，将地层单位厘定为常胜沟组、桃园组、潘集组、茆塘组和蚌埠组。通过古地磁、古生物、地层测年等研究，底界年龄分别为４．５、２．５、１．０、０．２５和０．０１ＭａＢ．Ｐ．左右。 相似文献
12.
Marcin Frankowski Anetta Zioła-Frankowska Artur Kowalski Jerzy Siepak 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(6):1165-1178
The study presents the results of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe determination in the samples of bottom sediments collected from the
Oder and Warta rivers. The sequential extraction of metals in the samples of bottom sediments was performed after introducing
the modification of the extraction scheme suggested by Tessier et al. (Anal Chem 51(7):844–851, 1979). The extraction times
of particular stages were optimised. The fifth stage was altered by introducing the new methods of performing extraction.
The samples of bottom sediments submitted the following granulometric analyses: dry, wet and wet with (HMP) dispersing reagent.
Seven granulometric fractions with the following grain sizes were isolated: >2.0, 2.0–1.0, 1.0–0.5, 0.5–0.25, 0.25–0.1, 0.1–0.063
and <0.063 mm. The sequential extraction of particular granulometric fractions was performed. The concentration of metals
variability was analysed depending on the method of sample preparation for the chemical analysis, granulometric fraction of
sediments subjected to the analysis, extraction conditions and the site of samples collection. The lack of linearity between
the metal concentration and the size of granulometric fraction was observed. The highest concentrations of metals were observed
in fractions >2.0, 2.0–1.0 and 0.1–0.063 and <0.063 mm while the lowest concentrations occurred in fractions 1.0–0.5, 0.5–0.25,
and 0.25–0.1 mm. The atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomisation (F-AAS) was used for the determination of the investigated
elements. 相似文献
13.
重庆溶洼—丘峰区土地利用类型对土壤抗蚀性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以重庆鸡公山耕地、果园、撂荒地、灌草坡和林地5种土地利用类型为研究对象,通过野外采样调查与室内分析,采用主成分分析法对与土壤抗蚀性密切相关的11个常用指标进行筛选和综合评价,探讨不同土地利用类型下土壤抗蚀性能的变化状况和差异性。结果表明:研究区表征土壤抗侵蚀能力最优指标为:>0.25 mm团聚体破坏率、>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、团聚度、<0.01 mm物理性黏粒含量、结构性颗粒指数和<0.001 mm黏粒含量。依据提炼出的3个主成分,建立土壤抗蚀性综合评价模型,即Y（综合指数）=0.712Y1+0.157Y2+0.131Y3,由此计算出土壤抗蚀性由强到弱为:林地> 灌草坡>撂荒地>果园>耕地。建议区内适当退耕还林还草,减少人为扰动,以利于提高土壤的抗蚀性能和水土保持能力。 相似文献
14.
为了研究含缺陷胶结充填体的断裂特性,分别设置了裂纹偏置比为0、0.25、0.50、0.75,缝高比为0.10、0.25、0.50的胶结充填体试件进行三点弯曲试验,利用高速摄像机进行裂纹扩展模式全程捕捉,借助二维颗粒流软件PFC2D对充填体裂纹扩展全程、破断方式及断裂机制进行分析。试验结果表明：相同缝高比下,随着裂纹偏置比的增加,断裂峰值荷载越大;当偏置比一定时,随着缝高比的增加,断裂峰值荷载越小;裂纹偏置比在0、0.25和0.50时,裂纹从偏置处扩展,且随着偏置比的增加,偏折角增大;裂纹偏置比在0.75时,裂纹从中心处扩展;断裂裂纹可分为3个阶段,且呈锯齿状扩展并在发育的过程中不断有碎裂状颗粒产生和脱落。利用二维颗粒流模拟充填体试件的力链网络、速度场及破断方式,结合其宏观力学的试验结果进行对比分析,探讨了细观断裂机制,其断裂时的峰值荷载与试验值相差不超过3.8%。 相似文献
15.
V. Bugrov 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1974,3(1):67-75
This paper describes various problems in carrying out geochemical prospecting under the conditions that prevail in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Conclusions are based on four years experience in geochemical exploration in the Eastern Desert, including studies of over 25,000 geochemical samples. In prospecting for ore deposits in stony and sandy deserts, different kinds of geochemical survey techniques can be successfully applied. In carrying out regional geochemical surveys, stream-sediment sampling in combination with panning of heavy concentrates may be used with a considerable degree of success. The method of the cold extraction of metals produces best results when the alluvial silt and argillaceous fraction (minus 0.075 mm) is sampled. Spectrographic analysis, on the other hand, provides dependable data when the minus 1-plus 0.25-mm fractions are sampled. It is established as a fact that sieving-out of the minus 0.25-mm fraction helps to get rid of aeolian sands which otherwise “dilute” anomalies.In the localities where colluvium is mixed with aeolian sand, sampling of the minus 1-plus 0.25-mm fraction considerably increases the contrast of anomalies (by 3.7 times for Sn, 3.8 for Mo, and 1.5 for Cu) and enlarges their size (4 times for Sn, 2.6 for Mo, and 2.5 for Cu). A possibility of forming of “false” anomalies in colluvium, resulting from the secondary concentration of certain heavy minerals resistant to weathering (e.g. Sn, W, Nb, Ta, Zr, etc.) was proven. This should be taken into consideration while carrying out geochemical prospecting in similar conditions. 相似文献
16.
Floods and associated landslides account for the largest number of natural disasters and affect more people than any other
type of natural disaster. With the availability of satellite rainfall analyses at fine time and space resolution, it has also
become possible to mitigate such hazards on a near-global basis. In this article, a framework to detect floods and landslides
related to heavy rain events in near-real-time is proposed. Key components of the framework are: a fine resolution precipitation
acquisition system; a comprehensive land surface database; a hydrological modeling component; and landslide and debris flow
model components. A key precipitation input dataset for the integrated applications is the NASA TRMM-based multi-satellite
precipitation estimates. This dataset provides near real-time precipitation at a spatial-temporal resolution of 3 h and 0.25° × 0.25°.
In combination with global land surface datasets it is now possible to expand regional hazard modeling components into a global
identification/monitoring system for flood/landslide disaster preparedness and mitigation. 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(2):165-176
Mineral and trace element characterization of an Fe-rich precipitate from an acid mine system was accomplished by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential X-ray diffraction, and ICP chemical analysis. A primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of common selective dissolution treatments in determining the association of minerals with potentially toxic trace elements. The precipitate consisted primarily of goethite, a poorly crystalline phase resembling synthetic ferrihydrite, dolomite and gypsum in clay-size fractions. The ammonium oxalate and EDTA treatments, which are thought by some workers to dissolve only poorly crystalline phases, were found to dissolve a significant amount of crystalline goethite. However, the oxalate extraction did dissolve more ferrihydrite than the other treatments tested. A solution of 0.1 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 0.1 M HNO3, which is thought by some to dissolve mostly the highly soluble Mn-oxides was found to also dissolve goethite, as did 0.25 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 25% (v/v) acetic acid, 0.25 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 0.25 M HCI, 0.5 M HCI, and Na-dithionite buffered with Na-citrate and 1.0 M NaHCO3. Both trace and major elements that were extracted with the various treatments were found to vary significantly and non-systematically when compared to the proportion of total extractable Fe. These selective extractions cannot be used to make reliable conclusions about trace metal and mineral associations. Gypsum was identified by XRD in claysize separations from the sample, but this phase was not detected in diffraction scans of the bulk sample. This finding indicates that individual phases can be segregated by particle size. 相似文献
18.
The seismically active Northwest (NW) Himalaya falls within Seismic Zone IV and V of the hazard zonation map of India. The
region has suffered several moderate (~25), large-to-great earthquakes (~4) since Assam earthquake of 1897. In view of the
major advancement made in understanding the seismicity and seismotectonics of this region during the last two decades, an
updated probabilistic seismic hazard map of NW Himalaya and its adjoining areas covering 28–34°N and 74–82°E is prepared.
The northwest Himalaya and its adjoining area is divided into nineteen different seismogenic source zones; and two different
region-specific attenuation relationships have been used for seismic hazard assessment. The peak ground acceleration (PGA)
estimated for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 and 10 years at locations defined in the grid of 0.25 × 0.25°. The computed
seismic hazard map reveals longitudinal variation in hazard level along the NW Himalayan arc. The high hazard potential zones
are centred around Kashmir region (0.70 g/0.35 g), Kangra region (0.50 g/0.020 g), Kaurik-Spitti region (0.45 g/0.20 g), Garhwal
region (0.50 g/0.20 g) and Darchula region (0.50 g/0.20 g) with intervening low hazard area of the order of 0.25 g/0.02 g
for 10% probability in 50 and 10 years in each region respectively. 相似文献
19.
为揭示微尺度膜下滴灌农田土壤水盐的空间变异特性,通过大田试验,采用经典统计和地质统计方法,研究了3种微尺度（0.25 m、1 m和4 m）和不同土层深度棉田土壤水盐的空间变异性,并确定其合理取样数。结果发现,3种微尺度下,土壤含水量的变异强度为中等偏弱,其变异性随尺度增大而增强,随深度增加呈先增强后减弱趋势。土壤含盐量的变异强度为中等偏强,其变异性随尺度增大而增强,随深度增大呈先减弱后增强趋势;3种尺度和不同深度条件下,土壤含水量和含盐量的半方差函数大部分可采用高斯模型模拟,且精度较高;样品的合理取样数为367个。研究结果可为制定膜下滴灌土壤水盐的监测方案和调控措施提供理论指导。 相似文献
20.
黑龙江省小兴安岭北段逊克地区出露大面积的第四纪火山岩,分布面积约3000km~2。岩性主要为玄武安山岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,还有少量的粗面安山岩和安山岩。逊克火山岩的Si O2含量为54.3%~57.4%,MgO含量变化为3.82%~5.80%,镁指数(Mg#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe~(2+))变化于49.6~57.8之间,属于高镁安山岩。逊克高镁安山岩火山口的位置分布在火山岩区的南面,根据火山岩区南高北低的地势,推测北边的火山岩是由南侧的岩浆向北流动形成的。岩浆流动形成了具有特征性的火山地貌,如沿河谷形成数公里长的石垄以及大面积的翻花熔岩形成的石海景观。火山岩的K-Ar测年结果表明,逊克高镁安山岩可以划分为早更新世(1.12~1.00Ma)和中更新世(0.68~0.25Ma)两期。在第四纪熔岩和河湖相沉积之间还夹有薄层火山灰,推测在岩浆溢流形成大面积熔岩之前有小规模岩浆爆发活动。 相似文献