共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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On the transition between 2D and 3D dunes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sediment transport in sand-bedded alluvial channels is strongly conditioned by bedforms, the planimetric morphology of which can be either two- or three-dimensional. Experiments were undertaken to examine the processes that transform the bed configuration from two-dimensional (2D) dunes to three-dimensional (3D) dunes. A narrowly graded, 500 μm size sand was subjected to a 0·15 m deep, non-varying mean flow ranging from 0·30 to 0·55 m sec−1 in a 1 m wide flume. Changes in the planimetric configuration of the bed were monitored using a high-resolution video camera that produced a series of 10 sec time-lapsed digital images. Image analysis was used to define a critical value of the non-dimensional span (sinuosity) of the bedform crestlines that divides 2D forms from 3D forms. Significant variation in the non-dimensional span is observed that cannot be linked to properties of the flow or bedforms and thus appears random. Images also reveal that, once 2D bedforms are established, minor, transient excesses or deficiencies of sand are passed from one bedform to another. The bedform field appears capable of absorbing a small number of such defects but, as the number grows with time, the resulting morphological perturbations produce a transition in bed state to 3D forms that continue to evolve, but are pattern-stable. The 3D pattern is maintained by the constant rearrangement of crestlines through lobe extension and starving downstream bedforms of sediment, which leads to bifurcation. The experiments demonstrate that 2D bedforms are not stable in this calibre sand and call into question the reliability of bedform phase diagrams that use crestline shape as a discriminator. 相似文献
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二维与三维边坡稳定性分析得到的安全系数存在着差异,讨论这种差异与滑体几何尺寸及土体强度参数间的变化规律及其形成机制,可为合理地评价边坡稳定性分析提供理论依据。针对均质三维边坡,利用基于滑面正应力修正模式的极限平衡法分析程序,定性地讨论滑体形态、长高比、坡比、土体强度参数等指标对二维与三维安全系数计算结果差异(以F3/F2表示)的影响,总结F3/F2与影响指标间的变化规律,分析变化规律形成的内在机制。从工程应用的角度,给出需要考虑该差异影响的分界标准。研究表明,F3/F2随着长高比L/H、内摩擦角?及坡比m的增大逐渐减小,随着黏聚力c的增大逐渐增大;对于满足下列条件之一的边坡,宜采用三维安全系数来评价其稳定性,(1) L/H ≤ 5的滑坡体;(2) 5< L/H ≤ 10且 c > 25 kPa(或? < 15°,或m < 1.0) 的滑坡体。研究成果可为合理评价边坡稳定性分析方法提供参考。 相似文献
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三维地质填图为我国启动的新一轮地质调查项目,为提高重磁资料在三维地质填图中的应用效果,笔者提出重磁资料2.5D/3D相互约束重磁反演技术方案:利用重磁资料2.5D剖面反演结果、3D物性反演结果作为彼此反演约束条件,并通过了理论模型试验。试验结果表明,该技术方案使反演结果中物性参数、空间位置更接近理论模型体。通过对本溪—临江地区思山岭铁矿磁异常及酸性岩体重力异常进行反演实践——估算磁异常铁矿资源量、研究酸性侵入岩深部展布形态的效果良好,可为大面积三维填图提供有效途径。 相似文献
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An integrated approach of improved pseudo color image enhancement (IPCE) method and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology is proposed. The evolution characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spatial cracks in X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of sandstones subjected to triaxial compression with confining pressure of 10, 20, and 30 MPa are investigated. The equations of crack width, length, and dip angle are established based on the proposed digital damage ratio. Based on the pseudo color images, point cloud maps with roughness and spatial images of cracks are investigated. The numerical results show that this proposed method is effective to study and understand the fracturing properties of rocks. 相似文献
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以TGP超前地质预报理论和实际工程资料为基础,运用信息化逻辑方法对TGP二维与三维地质预报成果进行分析对比,主要从预报地质构造的位置、规模、围岩级别和产状四个成果比较二者的相同和不同之处。结果表明,对于隧道前方岩性无明显差异的围岩,二维与三维的地质预报结果基本相同;对于与隧道斜交的地质构造,二维与三维地质预报在构造产状预报结果上相近,但二维地质预报在围岩级别预测方面有利,三维地质预报在规模和位置的预报方面有利;对于与隧道激发炮孔连线一侧边墙不相交的地质构造,二维与三维地质预报结果基本不同,且三维比二维的地质预报结果有利。 相似文献
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Jean Kormann Juan E. Rodríguez Miguel Ferrer Albert Farrés Natalia Gutiérrez Josep de la Puente Mauricio Hanzich José M. Cela 《Computational Geosciences》2017,21(1):31-45
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is one of the most challenging procedures to obtain quantitative information of the subsurface. For elastic inversions, when both compressional and shear velocities have to be inverted, the algorithmic issue becomes also a computational challenge due to the high cost related to modelling elastic rather than acoustic waves. This shortcoming has been moderately mitigated by using high-performance computing to accelerate 3D elastic FWI kernels. Nevertheless, there is room in the FWI workflows for obtaining large speedups at the cost of proper grid pre-processing and data decimation techniques. In the present work, we show how by making full use of frequency-adapted grids, composite shot lists and a novel dynamic offset control strategy, we can reduce by several orders of magnitude the compute time while improving the convergence of the method in the studied cases, regardless of the forward and adjoint compute kernels used. 相似文献
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作为煤矿安全高效地质保障系统的核心技术之一,我国煤田地震勘探技术已经形成了从一维地震(1D)、二维地震(2D)到三维地震(3D)的技术系列,实现了从资源勘探向采区勘探、从构造勘探向岩性勘探的技术进步,而四维地震(4D)将进一步实现地震勘探从静态探测到动态探测的技术跨越。基于空间-时间维度的概念,在1D到4D地震勘探4个发展阶段的基础上,提出了1.5D(如非零偏移距VSP)、2.5D(如宽线二维地震)和3.5D(如三维地震动态解释)等3个过渡阶段,给出了1D与1.5D、2D与2.5D、3D与3.5D以及4D等7个不同阶段的时间-空间特征。研究发现:(1)煤田地震勘探从低维到高维、从空间维到时空维的维度增加,使得地震勘探所获地下信息量出现指数级增长,地震勘探解决地质问题的精度相应得到了显著的提高,这是煤田地震勘探技术不断进步的内在引擎;(2)基础理论研究的厚积薄发、地震勘探仪器的升级换代和煤矿开采技术的需求驱动,是煤田地震勘探技术持续进步的外部驱动力;(3)跨学科、跨行业和跨部门的学科交叉与技术融合,加速了煤田地震勘探技术的迭代升级。 相似文献
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边坡变形特征在稳定性预测中尤为重要,已有文献往往只局限于二维或三维分析,没有对两者加以比较,导致模型选择与分析的问题不一致,浪费了时间和金钱。针对这个问题,课题组以某黄土边坡加固为例,运用ADINA软件建立二维和三维模型进行模拟,并与现场实际对照。结果表明：两种模型对边坡变形趋势的分析结果一致;三维模型变形预测值大于二维模型的30％～100％,分别得出定性和定量的结果,三维模型更符合实际变形;两种模型预测出的最薄弱部位和现场实际一致,具有实用性。这些结论为黄土边坡的变形预测和加固分析模型的选择提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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This article presents a comparison between two two-dimensional finite volume flood propagation models: SRH-2D and Hydro_AS-2D. The models are compared using an experimental dam-break test case provided by Soares-Frazão (J Hydraul Res, 2007. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2007.9521829). Four progressively refined meshes are used, and both models react adequately to mesh and time step refinement. Hydro_AS-2D shows some unphysical oscillations with the finest mesh and a certain loss of accuracy. For that test case, Hydro_AS-2D is more accurate for all meshes and generally faster than SRH-2D. Hydro_AS-2D reacts well to automatic calibration with PEST, whereas SRH-2D has some difficulties in retrieving the suggested Manning’s roughness coefficient. 相似文献
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这里主要研究地震采集观测系统设计和图形绘制的计算机软件实现问题。到目前为止,许多的地震数据处理软件包以及专门的观测系统设计软件等都能够实现观测系统图形的显示与输出。但这些观测系统图形基本上是极为简单的显示,对图形不能进行一些个性化的设置,而能够真正用于野外队绘制观测系统成果图的软件却没有,观测系统图形仍然处于手工绘制的阶段。鉴于这种情况,利用VISUAL C 6.0研制了一个观测系统设计和图形绘制软件。该软件绘制的图形不但能基本满足目前观测系统的成图规范,还能根据需要进行合理化的设置。从而可以将观测系统图形的手工绘制转为计算机绘制,并方便地利用打印机或用绘图仪输出,大大提高了绘制观测系统的效率和准确性。经实际应用效果较好。 相似文献
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对理论模型合成的稀疏测线数据和面积性数据以及实测单一测线数据进行了三维反演。通过对比分析合成稀疏测线数据和面积性数据的三维反演结果发现,使用4个张量阻抗元素作为反演数据的稀疏测线数据的三维反演结果可以较好地反映三维目标体,虽然效果可能不如面积性数据的三维反演结果。实测单一测线数据的三维反演结果也较好地揭示测线周围地下基岩界面的三维起伏情况。合成数据和实测资料的三维反演结果表明:可以采用三维反演解释的方法对大地电磁稀疏测线资料进行反演解释。同时,从合成数据的三维反演结果分析可以看出,对大地电磁稀疏测线资料进行三维反演,应尽可能反演所有张量数据;对大地电磁面积性资料进行三维反演,可以只使用两个非对角元素数据,但使用所有张量数据的效果更好。 相似文献
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溪洛渡地下洞室群地震响应的二维及三维数值模型比较分析研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
验证了显示有限差分方法进行地震波衍射分析的可行性,并基于此方法分别建立了二维（2D）及三维（3D）数值模型,对溪洛渡地下洞室群的地震安全性进行了分析与讨论。研究表明,在唐山余震天津医院地震波作用下洞室群处于安全状态。对比2D及3D数值计算结果可以发现,2D数值模型计算效率远远高于3D数值计算模型;对于建造于完整性较好、强度较高的岩体介质中地下洞室群而言,可以采用2D数值模型粗略估算洞身部分的地震响应,而洞室端面的动力响应则必须通过建立3D模型来进行分析。 相似文献
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复杂地层建模与三维可视化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种新的复杂地层建模方法。该方法先将离散的钻孔数据点分类,而后将不同类的离散数据点用径向基函数进行拟合;所生成的拟合曲面相交、裁剪得到地层的空间范围;由离散的数据点以及拟合插值点生成地层交界面格网,再经过计算机图形处理生成地层模型的三维图形。利用该方法对复杂地层建模,自动化程度较高、效果较好。 相似文献
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堆石料三维边界面模型在FLAC3D中的开发与验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
堆石料三维边界面模型结合了统一非线性强度准则,可以反映三维应力空间堆石料的应变硬化、软化以及体积收缩和剪胀等传统本构模型难以反映的力学特性。基于三维边界面模型的基本理论,通过FLAC3D提供的二次开发平台,在VC++环境下实现了三维边界面本构模型的二次开发,并给出基于FLAC3D程序的边界面本构模型开发的关键步骤、编程要点和调试方法。利用开发的本构模型,开展了三轴压缩试验的数值模拟计算,并与理论值进行了对比分析。结果表明,嵌入在FLAC3D中的三维边界面本构模型能够较好地反映设定试验条件下的材料性能,而且三维边界面本构模型模型参数简单,都可从常规三轴试验获得,从而验证了三维边界面模型二次开发程序的优越性与合理性。 相似文献
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This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design. 相似文献
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The Kodiak Shelf Basin is one of the undeveloped basins in Alaska. In surrounding areas, hydrocarbon accumulations have been found. It is of interest to investigate whether there might also be hydrocarbons generated in the Kodiak Shelf Basin. Using both one- and two-dimensional fluid flow/compaction models, together with geological, geophysical and geochemical data from the Kodiak Shelf Basin, we simulate the development with time and depth of sedimentary compaction, porosity, permeability, pressure, palaeoheat flux variation and palaeotemperature variation. We then evaluate quantitatively the maturation of organic matter in the basin. The model results indicate that there was only a low likelihood of hydrocarbon generation in the basin due mainly to the combined effects of a cool palaeothermal history and low organic carbon content. 相似文献
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Hydrodynamic flow modeling is carried out using a coupled 1D and 2D hydrodynamic flow model in northern India where an industrial plant is proposed. Two flooding scenarios, one considering the flooding source at regional/catchment level and another considering all flooding sources at local level have been simulated. For simulating flooding scenario due to flooding of the upstream catchment, the probable maximum flood (PMF) in the main river is routed and its flooding impact at the plant site is studied, while at the local level flooding, in addition to PMF in the main river, the probable maximum precipitation at the plant site and breaches in the canals near the plant site have been considered. The flood extent, depth, level, duration and maximum flow velocity have been computed. Three parameters namely the flood depth, cross product of flood depth and velocity and flood duration have been used for assessing the flood hazard, and a flood hazard classification scheme has been proposed. Flood hazard assessment for flooding due to upstream catchment and study on local scale facilitates determination of plinth level for the plant site and helps in identifying the flood protection measures. 相似文献