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随着城市化进程的持续推进,城市地下空间开发利用的重要性日益凸显。但各城市地下空间资源开发存在盲目性,未能与城市规划要求充分对接,亟须构建面向城市地下空间开发的适宜性评价体系。本文阐述了城市规划与地下空间开发间的关系,提出在城市规划指导下进行地下空间开发的重要性。针对不同的城市类型,需要采取针对性的探测技术,评价地质、环境、资源和技术经济等方面,并根据评价结果划分开发适宜性等级。研究认为,在城市规划指导下,运用开发适宜性评价体系,可以实现地下空间的有序可持续利用。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(4):101385
Accurate modeling of urban climate is essential to predict potential environmental risks in cities. Urban datasets, such as urban land use and urban canopy parameters (UCPs), are key input data for urban climate models and largely affect their performance. However, access to reliable urban datasets is a challenge, especially in fast urbanizing countries. In this study, we developed a high-resolution national urban dataset in China (NUDC) for the WRF/urban modeling system and evaluated its effect on urban climate modeling. Specifically, an optimization method based on building morphology was proposed to classify urban land use types. The key UCPs, including building height and width, street width, surface imperviousness, and anthropogenic heat flux, were calculated for both single-layer Urban Canopy Model (UCM) and multiple-layer Building Energy Parameterization (BEP). The results show that the derived morphological-based urban land use classification could better reflect the urban characteristics, compared to the socioeconomic-function-based classification. The UCPs varied largely in spatial within and across the cities. The integration of the developed urban land use and UCPs datasets significantly improved the representation of urban canopy characteristics, contributing to a more accurate modeling of near-surface air temperature, humidity, and wind in urban areas. The UCM performed better in the modeling of air temperature and humidity, while the BEP performed better in the modeling of wind speed. The newly developed NUDC can advance the study of urban climate and improve the prediction of potential urban environmental risks in China. 相似文献
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城市地质有近百年的研究历史,学科研究取得了很大的进展,但是总体上看,学科性质存在较多的争论,城市地质学基础理论难于满足现代城市管理的需求,无法为城市高质量发展提供系统完整的地学解决方案。本文系统梳理了国内外城市地质的发展历程和研究进展,进一步明确了城市地质学的学科性质,运用系统理论提出城市地质系统的概念,并基于这一概念,清晰地界定了城市地质学的研究对象,阐述了现代城市地质学的研究内容和技术框架,为今后形成完善的城市地质学理论体系提供研究基础。 相似文献
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Bohra DM 《GeoJournal》1979,3(1):63-68
In this research paper attempts have been made to analyze the distribution of 68 urban settlements in 14 regions of the country.
The value of near-neighbour statistic (R) shows nearly random pattern of urban settlements in some regions and approachingly
uniform distribution of urban settlements in other regions. Regional distribution of urban settlements and their growth have
been explained in context of region's geographical, economic and industrial frameworks. 相似文献
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B. Ayeni 《GeoJournal》1978,2(5):393-402
Urban systems modelling in Nigeria is an innovation having both relevance and utility for urban analysts and urban planners. A review of urban modelling in Nigeria demonstrates the use of entrapy maximizing models in analysing impacts of government policies and metropolitan planning. Planning to solve urban problems in Nigeria must be based on unambigous understanding of the urban system. Models, as simplified versions of reality, constitute mechanisms for understanding city systems and for designing the city of the future. 相似文献
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以受山洪灾害影响突出的云南文山城区为研究区,从承灾体属性特征和社会承灾能力二个方面探讨了城市山洪灾害易损性分析的方法;利用高分辨率遥感卫星影像为数据源完成城市土地覆盖类型解译,在此基础上应用GIS定量分析城市山洪灾害易损性。对承灾体属性特征定量分析结果表明,文山城区50年一遇山洪淹没范围内的承灾体中城市房屋建筑的易损性最大。对易损性要素中的社会承灾能力分析认为,由于文山城区段防洪河道行洪能力低,蓄滞洪能力弱。山洪灾害的易损性仍然较高,山洪对文山城威胁形势严峻。 相似文献
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Urban geochemistry is a unique discipline that is distinguished from general geochemistry by the complex infrastructure and intense human activities associated with concentrated population centers. As stated by Thornton (1991) “This subject is concerned with the complex interactions and relationships between chemical elements and their compounds in the urban environment, the influence of past and present human and industrial activities on these, and the impacts or effects of geochemical parameters in urban areas on plant, animal and human health.” Urban areas present special challenges to geochemists attempting to understand geochemical states and fluxes. On the 5–6 of August, 2014, the first meeting of the reorganized Urban Geochemistry Working Group of the International Association of GeoChemistry (IAGC) was held in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Two goals of the meeting were to develop the overall scope, and a general definition of urban geochemistry. Five grand themes were developed: 1) recognizing the urban geochemical signature; 2) recognizing the legacy of altered hydrologic and geochemical cycles in urban environments; 3) measuring the urban geochemical signature; 4) understanding the urban influence on geochemical cycles from the continuous development and erosion of physical infrastructure and episodic perturbations; and 5) relating urban geochemistry to human and environmental health and policy. After synthesizing the discussion of these themes we offer the following perspective on the science of urban geochemistry building on the work of Thornton (1991): Urban geochemistry as a scientific discipline provides valuable information on the chemical composition of environments that support large populations and are critical to human health and well-being. Research into urban geochemistry seeks to 1) elucidate and quantify the sources, transport, transformations, and fate of chemicals in the urban environment, 2) recognize the spatial and temporal (including legacies) variability in these processes, and 3) integrate urban studies into global perspectives on climate change, biogeochemical cycles, and human and ecosystem health. We hope that this discussion will encourage other geochemists to engage in challenges unique to urban systems, as well as provide a framework for the future of urban geochemistry research. 相似文献
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The urban centres of developing countries lack basic and adequate traffic data for urban transport studies. This paper builds a model for generating the required traffic data and calibrates the model with data from Barnsley, U.K., a medium-sized urban centre in the developed environment. The result indicates a good fit for intersection flow prediction and a rather poor fit for link flow prediction. Some methods of improving the fit are identified, and the usefulness of the model in intra-urban traffic studies is discussed. 相似文献
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Claudio 《Geoforum》2001,32(4)
This paper describes key urban development strategies pursued during the last seven years by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city in Brazil. It discloses internal processes, organisational restructuring of the municipality and institutional changes geared to increase effective urban management and resource mobilisation required to implement multiple sector programmes and key projects in several locations in the city like Favela Bairro and Rio Cidade Programmes, The Rio Strategic Plan, etc. It is argued that the formation of interdepartmental working groups for better horizontal articulation of policy making and implementation, the creation of the financial and accounting unit, the decentralisation of authority towards sub-municipality levels, and capacity strengthening of its personnel – among other things – have made a positive impact on the performance of local government. The paper further highlights a significant change towards policies of urban consolidation and revitalisation of declined areas of the city supported by heavy public investments and the effort towards broader civil society involvement in municipal projects. Municipal autonomy, problem-solving and result-oriented type of planning and management and organisational change are some of the lessons pinpointed by the paper for a city of that size and complexity. 相似文献
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关于当前我国城市地质研究的认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进入21世纪，保护和合理利用资源环境已成为我国的一个重大战略问题。城市地质以调查研究和解决与城市建设及发展有关的各种资源、环境等地质问题为其基本任务。随时代发展和国家需要，它的侧重点也有所不同。当前我国处于城市化高速发展的历史阶段，城市地质主要任务更是要强调环境问题，即城市地质着重解决城市环境岩土工程和地质灾害问题，或者说是解决城市安全特别是城市土工安全问题，为城市防灾减灾与城市生态建设和城市可持续发展服务。 相似文献
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B. Merenne-Schoumaker 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):97-98
Conclusions In order to end the unstructured development of industrial building and working class housing, many countries promoted a multiplication of industrial zones and estates in the outskirts of urban centers. At the same time the difficulties faced by industries implanted in the urban network resulted in the management of many companies leaving the towns and setting up their plants on these new sites.There exists a widespread tendency to de-urbanize industry which is causing big changes in the heart of built-up areas — not always on the positive side. Consequently, a new policy is gradually being developed to aim at a better integration of industrial activities with urban areas.Undoubtedly, industrial areas should be restricted to the outskirts for heavy industry with its harmful effects of space requirement. The present migration of many industrial concerns should be halted if a true re-organization of existing urban areas is desired.In order to achieve this, town planning policies should be reviewed and certain formulas elaborated to enable a true integration of industrial functions with other functions.The location of industrial activities, therefore, seems to have reached a new turning-point in its history. Careful consideration in all urban areas, whether they be new towns or other areas, is absolutely necessary to achieve a better organization of space, which is the ultimate aim of Applied Geography. 相似文献
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Francis Leo Collins 《Geoforum》2010,41(6):940-950
This paper discusses connections between the internationalisation of education, and in particular the growth in international students, and processes of urban transformation. The research is centred in Auckland, New Zealand, a city where the number of international students has grown rapidly over the last decade leading to significant impacts on the urban form and experience of the city’s CBD. This includes growth in educational services such as language schools and other private training establishments, new residential geographies characterised by low-cost and low-quality high-rise developments, and new ethnic economies of food, service and entertainment businesses that explicitly target international students. The paper draws on research with South Korean international students and a range of secondary materials to interrogate the connections between student mobilities and changing urban form. In doing so the paper contributes to emerging scholarship on student geographies and the role of students as urban agents through the inclusion of an international dimension that has largely been absent in the extant literature. The findings illustrate that while international students themselves clearly play a significant role in the transformation of urban spaces their influence cannot easily be separated from the contribution of a range of other actors including educational businesses, property developers, transnational migrants and local and national state actors. 相似文献
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In poor health: Supermarket redlining and urban nutrition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elizabeth Eisenhauer 《GeoJournal》2001,53(2):125-133
Over the past 100 years, ethnic minorities and the poor have become increasingly concentrated and isolated in low-income urban neighborhoods. While the demographic changes in cities are well documented, the parallel history of urban retailing is less well known. Little research has been done on changes in urban food retailing, particularly as they concern the urban poor. As the residential character of urban neighborhoods changed during the 20th century, so did the amenities available in those neighborhoods. The low point for urban retailing was in the 1980s, when cities experienced a net loss of supermarkets even as, nationally, store openings exceeded closings. The trend toward fewer, bigger stores located outside cities has continued to the present. Some critics have referred to this disinclination of large chains to locate in cities as `supermarket redlining'. Changes in food availability are a key element in the changing social conditions of the urban poor and, as good nutrition is critical for good health, a contributing factor in the decline of urban health. This paper will examine changes in urban retail food availability, the impact these changes have had on the health status of the urban poor, strategies utilized by the urban poor to address inadequate access to quality food sources, and the role of supermarkets in distressed communities. 相似文献
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Conclusion Many elements contributed to the urban expansion of Shanghai, but port expansion, industrial growth, population change and construction of new housing quarters were the main. Moreover, they were interdependent and interactive. This article summarizes these influences, on urban spatial expansion in Shanghai. It will be helpful in further approaches to this issue. 相似文献
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Narushige Shiode 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):263-269
This paper reports on recent developments in the visualisation of urban landscapes. There is a growing interest in the contstruction
of 3D models of urban and built environment for which a host of digital mapping and rendering techniques are being developed.
This paper extracts some of the cases that we came across during worldwide interviews carried out in March 2000. Building
on this review, we identify the range of data and techniques adopted for the development of 3D contents and how they could
contribute to geographical analysis and planning of urban environment. A particular focus is given on the effectiveness of
GIS and its related methods for their capacity to accommodate the demands for visual representation of urban environment as
well as the basis for analysis and simulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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国内外城市环境地质工作进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城市化是世界各国发展的共同趋势，是人类文明和进步的标志。论文简述了国内外城市环境地质工作的历史发展，着重论述了城市地质工作的内容，指出我国城市环境地质中存在的问题。如地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷等地质灾害及水资源短缺、城市废弃物处置以及特殊岩土环境问题。为了提高城市规划和确保城市可持续发展，仅从以下5个方面提出了我国城市地质工作的方向：(1)城市地质环境条件、地质资源综合调查评价；(2)城市主要环境地质问题调查；(3)城市群、城市密集区环境地质适宜性综合评价；(4)城市环境地质综合研究；(5)城市环境地质信息系统建设。 相似文献