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1.
Summary The area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was characterized by generally high heat flow ranging from 60 to 120 mWm–2, mean 82±16 mWm–2, which has been difficult to explain. Therefore all published data on the heat flow in this region (n=37) were summarized and re-evaluated. Special attention was paid to the detailed assessment of the lithological structure and the contribution of the individual rock types to the characteristic in-situ thermal conductivity. Also the thermal conductivity of the coal bearing layers was estimated and its effect on the temperature-depth distribution was investigated. The application of the data obtained for the representative thermal conductivity profiles of the whole drilled section considerably reduced the mean heat flow to 70±8 mWm–2. The latter value is fully compatible with the tectonic structure of the northern part of the Carpathian Frontal Foredeep. Slightly increased geothermal activity compared with the heat flow field of the adjacent part of the Bohemian Massif corresponds to certain deep geological rejuvenation during the creation of the Western Carpathians.
a -uu aa aamum nu uuau mn nma (m 60 ¶rt; 120 m.–2 nu ¶rt; 82±16 m. –2), m ¶rt;a ¶rt u. m u u nm a nua ¶rt;a mn nma (n=37) ¶rt; ¶rt;a ua. ua ¶rt; ¶rt;ma aau umuu aa u u mnn¶rt;mu in situ ¶rt; a¶rt; muna n¶rt;. a a mnn¶rt;m m, a ma, a ma u¶rt;aa an¶rt;u mnam nu. nau n mam ¶rt; nuau mnn¶rt;mu m u amu aa nu am uum ¶rt;u mn nm ¶rt; 70±8 m.–2. a uua n mam mmu u amu anam a nua. m uumu amumu n au mn n nuaa amu aua mmmmuuau amuuauu nu uauu um ana¶rdt; anam.
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2.
Summary The changes in the anisotropy of initial susceptibility of haematite ores, induced by a D.C. magnetic field are studied. After applying stronger magnetic fields, the changes in the anisotropy parameters are considerable and depend on the manner in which the basal planes of the haematite grains are arranged in the samples. The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of the single-domain theory. The proposed simple model of induced anisotropy is based on the relation between the directional susceptibility of the sample and the preferred orientation of the magnetic moments of the grains in polycrystalline haematite.
am uu aumnuu aa nuuumuamum ¶rt;, a nm aum n. nuu u aum n uu aumnuu aam u aum m na n¶rt;u nmamum aa. numa. ¶rt;a umnmua unau ¶rt;¶rt; muu. ¶rt;a nma ¶rt; a aumnuu aa a auumu u nuuumu m umauu aum m nuumauamum.

Presented at the 5th Scientific Assembly of IAGA in Prague 1985.  相似文献   

3.
Summary A system of 8 seismically active fracture zones was delineated on the basis of the distribution of earthquake foci in the continental lithosphere of Ecuador. The position and width of the outcrop, thickness, dip and maximum depth of the individual fracture zones were estimated and correlated with surface geological and tectonic phenomena, volcanism and hydrothermal manifestations. The existence and strike of the fracture zones was independently confirmed by the occurrence of historical disastrous earthquakes.
uma 8 uu amu a a aa a auu an¶rt;u a mu muma um a¶rt;a. u n¶rt; nu u uua a nmu, mua, u auaaua m¶rt; a . mau mu auu n¶rt;m¶rt;am a¶rt;u umuu aum mu u nmau nmu, mmu, au uu¶rt;mau nuu.

Visiting professors at Instituto Geofísico and Facultad de Geología, Minas y Petróleos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito (Ecuador).  相似文献   

4.
Summary Tests on the vertical vibrating table in the frequency range of70–110 Hz indicate that quartz gravity meters are10–100 times more sensitive at some frequencies than under low-frequency excitation. At high frequencies, the reading beam is at rest and deflected from the correct position. Slow fluctuations of amplitude and frequency near resonance could cause slow irregular motion of the beam with absence of low-frequency ground motion of sufficient intensity.
unmauaum a mua um¶rt; ¶rt;uana amm 70–110u mam, m a m ammaaum 10–100 a mum nu uamm au. u amm au u a¶rt;um n m mu m nu. ¶rt; auauu anum¶rt; u amm au uu aa m am uamm u ua ¶rt;a mmmm uamm au n ¶rt;mam umumu.
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5.
a aam u¶rt;au m ua aum aauu nu¶rt;u ¶rt; u anam a ¶rt;mu uu mu amuma n nu aum nuuumu num a¶rt;a uu ma¶rt;uuma, a m um ¶rt;u n u-a nummu ¶rt;¶rt;. num naau, m mua n¶rt;um nu¶rt; u ma aamam. a n¶rt;a umnmau aauuu u a mumuu m auu,¶rt; umuu n aaumu u mu n¶rt;umu m uam au u a mam ¶rt;u n n¶rt;a.  相似文献   

6.
Summary The algorithm of iterative geophysical tomography is presented. The medium is approximated smoothly by means of B-splines. The tww-point problem of ray computation is solved with the aid of paraxial approximation. The parameters of the medium are obtained from the iterative algorithm of minimizing the quadratic form. Two numerical 2-D examples are given.
u¶rt; au umamuuu mauu. ¶rt;a annuuaa n nu nu -na. ma na aa a nu nu naaua annuauu. aam ¶rt; n a umamu aua uuauauu a¶rt;amu . am nu¶rt; ¶rt;a 2-D u nua.
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7.
u nu m¶rt;a a u ¶rt; u amu ¶rt; au amm u a m amuu ma. ¶rt; au mam ¶rt; nma a¶rt;au.  相似文献   

8.
am mam mauau m amaua aaum CG-2¶rt;u muna No; 174-G, 181-G u 228-G nuu m¶rt;a aa. mama mauau aum, m num mum mm 1. 10–4 u n¶rt;um um a. a a¶rt;a ¶rt; a auum ama uum mauaum m mnam.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Some regularization approaches to downward heat flow continuation from the Earth's surface to the depth of interest are presented, provided the heat transfer is described by the homogeneous steady-state equation. The Fourier transform of horizontal coordinates is used and the relation between the regularization of the heat flow spectrum and the regularization of the heat flow in the spatial domain are discussed. The utilization of an a priori information about the subsurface heat flow is mentioned.
¶rt; m zuau n¶rt;¶rt; n¶rt;u u nmz mnz nma n¶rt;nuu, m n mna nuam ¶rt;¶rt; maua au (au anaa). na naau zuma ¶rt;uam u ama ¶rt; zuau mnz nma u uau z nma. nma m nuu anu u n¶rt;nmz mnz nma.
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10.
Summary Eight models of the ionosphere in the MHD approximation over the whole range of required heights(50–3000 km) are synthesized on the basis of other theoretical studies and a number of empirical methods for the purposes of modelling the ionospheric filtration of the natural micropulsation (Pc1) signal. The models represent a vertically inhomogeneous and dissipative daytime and nighttime ionosphere of higher latitudes in two regions (L=3 and L=5) of the Northern Hemisphere in summer under low (F 10.7 =70) and high (F 10.7 =200) solar activity. The higher ionosphere (h>200 km) is approximated by a quasineutral oxygen-hydrogen plasma(O +,H +) taking into account the wave-dissipating effects of the neutral component(O, He). The procedure of computing the physical parameters, locally characterizing the medium of the ionosphere, is demonstrated.
a ¶rt;a mmuu am u a nuuu m¶rt; ¶rt;a um u ¶rt; u ( nuuuu) n a m (50–3000 ), m ¶rt; ¶rt;uau u umauu mm unau (1) uaa. ¶rt;u n¶rt;mam m-¶rt; ¶rt;, na ¶rt; u m u u um ¶rt; am (L=3 u L=5) n, uu nu u, (F 10,7 =70), (F 10,7 =200) amumu. a ua (h>200 ) n¶rt;maa nuuuu auma u¶rt;-¶rt; ¶rt;(O +,H +) na, uau nuuam nu u-a ma maQu(O, He). aa m¶rt; uu uuu naam, m aamuu u ¶rt;.
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11.
Summary Secular non-tidal variations of geopotential and gravity are estimated due to secular decrease of the second zonal geopotential harmonic, secular polar motion and deceleration of the Earth's rotation.
am a nuu uunmuaa u u u mmu, a u m aauunmuaa, ¶rt;uu n u u mu au u.
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12.
Summary The present paper is an attempt to demonstrate the fact that misleading information about the thermodynamic structure of shallow cumulus fields is obtained when standard isobaric level (SIL) data input is used. The 1-D cumulus model serves as the main tool of examination and the reference input data are those of significant levels (SL) in soundings. The computed cloud tops (SIL) exceeded (SL) tops in nearly 80% of the cases and the excesses are more than 1 kilometre in 25% of the cases. Some discrepancies were also found in potential stability analysis. The local changes in equivalent potential temperature may be seriously affected and even falsified. The important role of high resolution in studies of mesoscale phenomena was again accentuated.
mam mum ¶rt;aam, m u am u¶rt; ¶rt;a unam ¶rt;a ma¶rt;am uauu (SIL), m num uauu m¶rt;uau mm mu n. ¶rt;m, una nu u¶rt;auu, m ¶rt;a ¶rt; aa, a am n ¶rt; au unm ¶rt;a au ¶rt;aa. auma u a ¶rt; SIL n¶rt;m n au 80% a, a 25% a ¶rt;a a 1 . au ma ma nu aau nmua mumu. aQj uu uam nmua mnam m m aum ua. n¶rt;uam aa aua nmu nu uuu u a.
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13.
Summary Radiation absorption by water vapour plays an important role in the physics of the atmosphere. The calculation of the absorbed radiation energy by water vapour requires the amount of precipitable water in the atmosphere to be known. Actinometric and aerological measurements were used to establish the relation between vapour pressure and absorbed solar radiation.
u a¶rt;uauu ¶rt; nam uam a amu uuu am. uu n a¶rt;uauu ¶rt; na a¶rt; am m a¶rt; ¶rt; am. u¶rt; mu ¶rt; ¶rt;au ¶rt; naa u n a¶rt;uau a amu muu u auu uu.
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14.
Summary The four primary geodetic parameters defining the geodetic reference system are discussed from the point of view of their physical meaning and current estimation of their actual accuracy. The geopotential scale factor has been treated as the primary geodetic parameter defining the Earth's dimensions.
¶rt;am m nu¶rt;uu naama, n¶rt;u¶rt;u um mumu, mu u uu a u mmu. ama amnmuaa ¶rt;am am nu¶rt;u naama, n¶rt; a u.
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15.
Summary Based on the relation between the relative sunspot number R, the number of sunspot groups f 0 generated per unit time on the Sun as a whole and their average lifetime T 0 , and on the extrapolation of time behaviour of f 0 and T 0 , it is proved that abnormally high solar activity may be expected in the first half of the 21st century. At this time, the maximum annual relative sunspot numbers RM of the 11-year cycles should reach values of about 300 units. This abnormally high solar activity in the next century can be understood as the antipole of the Maunderean minimum. This forecast is used to discuss some of the possible consequences of this abnormally high solar activity for the processes on the Earth: changes of climate (heat waves and draughts in Central Europe), in the higher layers of the Earth's atmosphere (anomalous propagation of radio waves, increased effect of the density of the upper atmosphere on the orbits of man-made satellites), in seismicity (increased seismic activity in Europe and Southeast Asia), for technical devices (induced electric currents), in the biosphere. etc.
a mu ¶rt; uau a R nm, unn nm f 0 uu ¶rt;uu u a ë u u ¶rt; n¶rt;ummu uu 0 , u a manuu ¶rt;a f 0 u 0 , naa, m n nu ¶rt; 21 a u¶rt;am uum amum. aua¶rt;u ua a R m¶rt; 11-mu ua m u ¶rt;muam au 300 ¶rt;uu. m uum amum ¶rt; nuam a amun¶rt; a¶rt; uua. a m na ¶rt;am m n¶rt;mu m uum amumu a n nmau a : a uu uama (aa u a n¶rt;a ¶rt; n), a u u am u (aa anmau a¶rt;u, uu n nmmu u am a ¶rt;uu um m), a um (na ua amum n u -m uu), a muu mma (u¶rt;ua muu mu), a u u ma ¶rt;a.
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16.
Summary An algorithm is presented for solving the problem of electromagnetic induction in a halspace with a 3-D perturbing body under a harmonically variable exciting field. There are analysed properties of the Green's tensor function elements as well as their integrals in elementary prismatic volumes into which the body is divided. The results, obtained from numerical computations, are given for a long highly conducting prism, which is one of the models in the COMMEMI project.
¶rt; azum u a¶rt;au mazum u¶rt;uu ¶rt; zauu nz ¶rt;az n nnmam m au m. ¶rt;a ma m m uu n ma a, a m a¶rt; a m. nu uu mam mm nm, n¶rt; nu, ¶rt; u ¶rt; nma COMMEMI.
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17.
Summary Some phenomena, recorded during pressure tests of quartz gravity meters, are studied theoretically using a model of the visco-elastic continuum. Expressions, describing the response of the measuring system as a function of the time variation of pressure disturbances, are derived by solving the appropriate rheological equations.
n ¶rt;u n uu u¶rt; u, uu uu unu ¶rt;u u. u u uu u ¶rt; u nuu u uu u uuu ¶rt; u ¶rt;u.
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18.
nua m¶rt; nma aaua a, umua m nma, m n¶rt;um umau nuau un nmam. m¶rt; annua aaum nauu Pi2 u Pc3 u amu u u ¶rt;. ¶rt;a ma m ¶rt; nmam nuau aamumu u u auum m aum amumu.  相似文献   

19.
Summary Teleseismic P residuals calculated for waves arriving from various azimuths and angles of incidence, and a 3-D inversion of the residuals provided the basis for characterizing the uppermost mantle structure beneath Bulgaria. The Moesian Platform and the Rhodopean Massif are two different blocks characterized by a lithosphere thickness of about 130–140 km with a zone of lithosphere thinning along their contact. Both units have opposite patterns of the directional dependence of relatively high and low P velocities. This directional dependence is interpreted by dipping anisotropic structures in the subcrustal lithosphere, which probably represent remnants of paleosubductions of an old oceanic lithosphere.
auma u nu¶rt;u n¶rt; au aumau u au. a uu mu ¶rt;am ¶rt; aamuauu mm amuu n¶rt; au. uua nama u ¶rt;nu au, ¶rt;a au a mu um nuuum 130–140 ¶rt; uma m ¶rt; u mama. a a aamua nmun ana auum mum u u mu . ma anaa auum umnmuaa a nu aumn mm amu. mu mm n¶rt;maum a mamu na¶rt;u ma au um.
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20.
Summary A two-dimensional flow model of an incompressible fluid with constant viscosity has been used to study the changes in the large-scale flow pattern (aspect ratio 4). Implications for convection in the Earth's mantle are discussed.
a ¶rt; mn uuu ua u¶rt;mu nm m unm ¶rt; uu uu mu ama¶rt;a. ¶rt;am mam ¶rt; uu amuu u.
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