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1.
Ron Johnston 《GeoJournal》2009,74(4):347-362
English-language geographical magazines present very different geographical imaginations to their readers than those portrayed
by academic geographers, with whom the editors and publishers of those magazines have very little contact. There is a mutual
lack of appreciation—which could have substantial consequences for the academic discipline. To increase academic geographers’
appreciation of the popular geographies being portrayed, the contents of recent volumes of three magazines—National Geographic, Geographical, and New Zealand Geographic—are distilled, with their major themes identified. One clear conclusion is that there is virtually no contact between the
two imaginations: popular geographical magazines almost entirely ignore the work of academic geographers. 相似文献
2.
Food commodities, geographical knowledges and the reconnection of production and consumption: The case of naturally embedded food products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper focuses on a particular group of food commodities, associated with the wider turn to ‘alternative food networks’, that are described as ‘naturally embedded food products’ (NEFPs). These are commodities (specifically meats and cheeses) that utilise grassland biodiversity as an input into production to positively influence, in various ways, the final qualities of the commodity. Building on the geographical literature on commodity circuits and analysing data derived from NEFP promotional materials and focus groups with urban and rural residents in the UK, the paper interrogates the geographical knowledges that are deployed by producers in the promotion of NEFPs and how these knowledges are accommodated and contested by consumers as they bring their own geographical knowledges to the interpretation of these commodities. The paper undertakes this task in order to problematise the extent to which alternative food networks in general and NEFPs in particular are bringing about a reconnection of producers and consumers and, concomitantly, a defetishisation of food, as is claimed for them by many of their policy and academic proponents. In the process the paper reveals how the food commodities associated with alternative food networks entail the creation of new and rival fetishes paradoxically as a result of efforts to ‘thicken connections’ between the production and consumption of food. 相似文献
3.
Patricia Noxolo 《Geoforum》2009,40(1):55-65
This article asks the question: what are my responsibilities as a postcolonial geographical writer? It takes as its starting point three extracts from texts written by the writer on their journey towards becoming an academic: a catalyst moment, a moment of self-production as an academic, and a moment of (failed) academic production. This journey raises a problematic around the ways in which the body speaks in academic writing, and the remainder of the piece reviews the geographical literature on materiality in relation to the body, arguing that Deleuzian views of matter as agentic and creative are particularly helpful in comprehending and engaging responsibly with the indeterminate but insistent ways in which the body speaks in postcolonial academic writing. 相似文献
4.
《Geoforum》2017
Context is generally overlooked when selecting measures to define geographical mobility in mobility and migration research. This paper contributes to a discussion on the importance of context when defining geographical mobility and draws on examples from higher education in Sweden. Using binary logistic regression, statistical outcomes are compared when different measures of mobility to and mobility from higher education are employed. The measures produce different statistical outcomes, and these differences are illuminated when comparing results of common measures of mobility (e.g. crossing administrative boundaries or moving a certain distance) against two measures constructed specifically for Swedish higher education-related mobility. The results indicate that using municipality boundaries for measuring mobility in the Swedish higher education context is particularly inappropriate because the measure does not differentiate commuters from movers. This challenge surfaces because mobility must be determined in relation to the locations of students’ higher education institutions since administratively registered moves are unreliable in the educational context. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the geographical locations and characteristics of higher education institutions in addition to feasible commuting possibilities in research on higher education-related mobility. The two measures developed for the Swedish higher education context are identified as most appropriate because they center on the geographical distribution of higher education, and this distribution is perceived as having an important role in influencing mobility in this context. Consequently, this study accentuates the need for considering the geographical arrangement of resources (e.g. schools, hospitals) relevant to the context under investigation when determining measures to define mobility. 相似文献
5.
《Geoforum》2002,33(2):153-164
The new `geographical economics' introduced by Paul Krugman and others has been dismissed by geographers for a number of reasons, ranging from (mis)treatment of externalities to reliance on formal modelling. These criticisms may be appropriate, but they miss some underlying unit assumptions that cause geographical economics to deal poorly with issues of scale and space. The theories produced by Krugman and others rely on the economic units of the firm, industry and economy for analysis. In contrast, geographers often use spatial units which not only reveal different processes, but can also delimit the economic units. Acknowledgement of the difference in the assumed units of analysis between geographical economics and economic geography is necessary before any useful discourse between the two fields can occur. 相似文献
6.
7.
Xiangyang Chang Shanming Fu Hui Liu Nan Chen Xiaofeng Zhao Bingquan Zhu Xianglin Tu 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(1):138-144
The protection system of products of geographical origin has become one hot subject with which various countries throughout the world are concerned. Results of element-Pb isotope geochemical mapping indicate that there emerge a number of famous-brand high-quality product groups of geographical origin in China. The environment of production of China’s famous-brand white spirits of geographical origin at the Sichuan-Guizhou border is still a mystery to be solved. China has two main communities of white spirits of geographical origin, i.e., the most famous are Moutai and Wuliangye spirits. By element-Pb isotope geochemical tracing, we can establish the natural background geological, geographical and geochemical scientific data mark ers in close relation with source areas. Research on the product of geographical origin, named Kaempferia galangal L. in the Shuangjiao district, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, showed that the trace elements have an excellent heritance between Kaempferia galangal L. and soil in this area, and the trace elements are highly effective for tracing the origin. 相似文献
8.
地面沉降危险性评估对受地面沉降灾害影响的城市有着重要的参考意义。目前应用较广泛的因子叠加模型和模糊层次分析模型存在着评估指标权重的确定人工干预较强,影响评估结果的问题。本文采用地理探测器分别对因子叠加模型和模糊层次分析模型进行改进,根据各评估因子的分布与沉降分布的关联性定量地计算各项评估指标的权重。本文利用改进后的三个模型:地理探测器--最大值因子叠加模型、地理探测器--加权因子叠加模型以及地理探测器--模糊层次分析模型分别进行地面沉降危险性评估,并与最大值因子叠加模型、加权因子叠加模型、模糊层次分析模型进行对比,结果表明:改进后的模型总体评估准确度分别为75.23%、89.56%、76.38%,均高于未改进模型的60.51%、53.73%、65.05%。 相似文献
9.
Monitoring of the ecological as well as economical aspects of the planet Earth will in future require more sophisticated data obtaining systems (e. g. satellites) and data processing devices (e. g. GIS). In order to process the great amount of data, detailed information on geographical databases has to be provided in an easy way. In this paper a concept of an information system on geographical databases is presented which encompasses a centrally managed international directory with summary information as well as local information interfaces geographical databases. An information interface provides detailed information on the extent, structure and geographical meaning of the data stored in the geographical database belonging to it. To describe this information a conceptual scheme, based on an object oriented approach, is developed. 相似文献
10.
A specific geographical structure identified at the junction point of the borders of three countries is characterized by a radial symmetry in the distribution of areas with varying degrees of nature management restrictions, which get tougher closer to the junction. The special protection areas are located in the junction point of the borders. 相似文献
11.
The geographical tasks of the Programme are determined by the essence of the geographical approach to the study of global changes of the geosphere-biosphere system. In a generalized form this approach aims at the resolving of two types of questions: a) what local and regional processes and phenomena, in which way and in what degree influence the global geosphere-biosphere system: b) in what regions the current or expected global changes will most likely manifest themselves and what will be the consequences. These questions can be solved by geographers because geographers accumulated empirical and theoretical concepts on the spatial and temporal structure of the geosphere system, which is the focus of the interaction between atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and human society with its economic activity.The present paper is a result of team work. The authors therefore would like to extent their sincere thanks to Yu. P. Badenkov, A. A. Velichko, A. N. Gennadiev, N. F. Glasowski, S. P. Gorshkov, O. V. Gritsai, R. I. Zlotin, G. V. Ioffe, N. S. Kasimov, A. N. Krenke, A. F. Manych, S. M. Myagkov, V. S. Preobrazhensky, Yu. G. Puzachenko, A. B. Savchenko and G. V. Sdasyuk for their contribution to that paper. 相似文献
12.
IJ Van der Merve 《GeoJournal》1995,37(4):513-523
In the changing multi-ethnic South African society of the nineties, language planning has become a top priority on the national agenda of reform. Comprehension of the territorial dimensions of language is crucial if we are to penetrate its true cultural, economic and political effect. South Africa's language policy, as defined in the interim constitution, focuses mainly on the fact that in future the country will accommodate eleven official languages with equal status. Obviously, the nine provinces do not each have eleven official languages. A provincial legislative may, by a two-thirds majority vote, declare any of the national languages a provincial official language for the whole province or a part thereof. In the light of this it is of vital importance that the country's regional language patterns be analysed on a geographical basis. A visual and statistical representation of the geolinguistic realities in South Africa could support the planning and transformation process currently taking place at all levels of government in this multilingual country. The aim of this paper is to address the following geolinguistic issues on a national scale:
- The spatial identification of the official language distribution on a macro level;
- The time-space pattern of language change between 1980 and 1991;
- The demographic and socio-economic profile of language speakers;
- The consequences of the findings for ethno-linguistic restructuring in a post-apartheid South Africa.
13.
Innovative landslide susceptibility mapping supported by geomorphon and geographical detector methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Landslides are among the most common and dangerous natural hazards in mountainous regions that can cause damage to properties and loss of lives. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is a critical tool for preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of landslides. Although many previous studies have employed various statistical methods to produce quantitative maps of the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) based on inventories of past landslides and contributing factors, they are mostly ad hoc to a specific area and their success has been hindered by the lack of a methodology that could produce the right mapping units at proper scale and by the lack of a general framework for objectively accounting for the differing contribution of various preparatory factors. This paper addresses these issues by integrating the geomorphon and geographical detector methods into LSM to improve its performance. The geomorphon method, an innovative pattern recognition approach for identifying landform elements based on the line of sight concept, is adapted to delineate ridge lines and valley lines to form slope units at self-adjusted spatial scale suitable for LSM. The geographical detector method, a spatial variance analysis method, is integrated to objectively assign the weights of contributing factors for LSM. Applying the new integrated approach to I-Lan, Taiwan produced very significant improvement in LSI mapping performance than a previous model, especially in highly susceptible areas. The new method offers a general framework for better mapping landslide susceptibility and mitigating its negative impacts. 相似文献
14.
There is a widespread belief that poverty leads to the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, intra-country comparisons of the phenomenon have been limited. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the relationship between poverty and HIV prevalence amongst the 10 administrative regions of Ghana. Based on the available data for poverty and HIV, certain distinct patterns emerge. For example, poverty levels are the highest in the three northern regions (Upper East, Upper West and Northern region) even though their HIV prevalence is one of the lowest. It clearly follows that there are more complex forces at work than just the effects of poverty alone. To unravel some of these puzzles, the paper proposes a key role for culture, globalization and geographical accessibility. In addition, it is suggested that local level studies in a multivariate framework have much to contribute to the identification and quantification of relevant relationships. 相似文献
15.
Zhongshu Zhao 《GeoJournal》1992,26(2):149-152
Round sky and square earth is a basic concept in the tradition of ancient Chinese geography. It appeared at least two thousand years ago and has influenced Chinese geography significantly — both for good and for ill. As an academic subject in China, the history of geographical thought is new. It has become the center of geographical history (Yang 1989, p. 7; Wang 1982, p. 4). This transformation began in the 1980s. Earlier studies of the history of ancient Chinese geography paid more attention to the history of exploration, cartography, and geographers themselves. It neglected serious study of the concept and influence of the idea of round sky and square earth. This paper discusses this concept, its influence on ancient Chinese cartography, and its significance in early geographical literature, specifically the Geographical Society Yu Gong (Tribute of Yu). 相似文献
16.
Over the past few years, political systems have changed in several countries of the Middle East as a result of citizen revolutions on the ruling regimes. These geopolitical changes have had effects on the names of artificial geographical features, such as roads and schools. Many of the names, especially those that were associated with previous regimes, were changed to become associated with the revolutions, their dates, their leaders, or their martyrs. The recent change in the paradigm of Web use towards data sharing and crowd-sourcing in the Web 2.0 provides new opportunities to get insight into a local community’s perception of political events. Crowd-sourced spatial data, often referred to as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), can be contributed and accessed through various websites and data repositories. These data can supplement traditional data sources, such as road maps hosted by governmental offices. Libya’s governmental maps of urban infrastructure are scarce and incomplete. This provides an incentive for citizens and grassroots groups to collect and generate spatial data on their own and to express changed realities of feature names by the means of crowd-sourced mapping. Using two districts in Libya this study evaluates for five Web 2.0 platforms (OpenStreetMap, Wikimapia, Google Map Maker, Panoramio, and Flickr) to which extent VGI reflects name changes of geographical features as a result of the revolution in 2011. Other data sources, such as school directories posted by teachers on Facebook, serve as additional information for feature name change detection. Results show that the extent to which VGI reflects name changes based on the 2011 revolution in Libya varies strongly between VGI data sources. VGI provides a useful supplement to limited governmental resources to better understand how names of artificial geographical features are affected by changes in political systems. 相似文献
17.
Wilfried Heller 《GeoJournal》2000,50(2-3):151-155
There is no standard model of transformation for post- socialist countries and each country encounters specific problems rooted
in the geographical characteristics of the areas concerned. The human resources are of the greatest importance because it
really matters how people (especially the decision-makers) perceive system change and continually reformulate their expectations
and strategies; so investigations into the views of people caught up in the transformation can provide a deeper understanding
of the background to structural change. Working the national, regional level and local levels in Romania, experts were asked
to consider the advantages and disadvantages arising out of the transformation, the most important problems and constraints
for future rural development and the policies needed. The paper examines the responses on demographic and social issues. It
emerges the most detailed responses were supplied by local-level representatives while respondents at the regional level steered
a middle course between the need to address local problems and the prime importance of stimulating the Romanian economy so
as to generate resources for welfare programmes (with the latter issue the overriding concern of interviewees at national
level). There was general agreement on the importance of foreign investment and European integration for economic development,
with local actors taking only small steps in line with the existing opportunities.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Richard Dame Merryl Alber Dennis Allen Michael Mallin Clay Montague Alan Lewitus Alice Chalmers Robert Gardner Craig Gilman Björn Kjerfve Jay Pinckney Ned Smith 《Estuaries and Coasts》2000,23(6):793-819
Estuaries of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain are dominated by shallow meso-tidal bar-built systems interspersed with shallow sounds and both low flow coastal plain and high flow piedmont riverine systems. Three general geographical areas can be discriminated: the sounds of North Carolina; the alternating series of riverine and ocean dominated bar-built systems of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeast Florida, and the subtropical bar-built estuaries of the Florida southeast coast. The regional climate ranges from temperate to subtropical with sea level rise and hurricanes having a major impact on the region's estuaries because of its low and relatively flat geomorphology. Primary production is highest in the central region. Seagrasses are common in the northern and southern most systems, while intertidal salt marshes composed ofSpartina alterniflora reach their greatest extent and productivity in South Carolina and Georgia. Nuisance blooms (cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and cryptomonads) occur more frequently in the northern and extreme southern parts of the region. Fishery catches are highest in the North Carolina and Florida areas. Human population growth with its associated urbanization reaches a maximum in Florida and it is thought that the long-term sustainability of the Florida coast for human habitation will be lost within the next 25 years. Tidal flushing appears to play an important role in mitigating anthropogenic inputs in systems of moderate to high tidal range, i.e., the South Carolina and Georgia coasts. The most pressing environmental problems for the estuaries of the southeastern Atlantic coast seem to be nutrient loading and poor land use in North Carolina and high human population density and growth in Florida. The future utilization of these estuarine systems and their services will depend on the development of improved management strategies based on improved data quality. 相似文献
19.
Dominique Moran 《GeoJournal》2013,78(2):339-351
This paper suggests that although carceral space seems to be sharply demarcated from the outside world, the prison wall is in fact more porous than might be assumed. The paper critiques Goffman’s theory of the ‘total institution’ by deploying a geographical engagement with liminality to theorise prison visiting rooms as spaces in which prisoners come face-to-face with persons and objects which come from and represent their lives on the ‘outside’. Drawing on a specific empirical example from recent research into imprisonment in the contemporary Russian prison system, it uses the example of visiting suites designed for long term ‘residential’ visits to explore the ways in which visiting spaces act as a space of betweenness where a metaphorical threshold-crossing takes place between outside and inside. The paper specifically explores the expression of that betweenness in the materiality of visiting, and in the destabilisation of rules and identities in visiting space. It contests the sense of linear transformation with which liminal spaces have previously been associated, suggesting that rather than spaces of linear transition from one state to another, liminal spaces can constitute a frustratingly repetitive, static or equilibriating form of transformation which is cumulative rather than immediate, and relates this suggestion to the wider study of prison visitation. 相似文献
20.
With the rise in the number of applications using geospatial data and the number of GIS applications, the number of people who come into contact with geospatial data is increasing, too. Despite many attempts to introduce standardized formats in this area, they are often ignored by software developers as well as the users themselves for various reasons. When creating or exporting geographical data, users choose the format with regard to the software they use, or for which the data are intended. Users then have to deal with conversion of data formats, and considering its use also the issue of their transformation to the appropriate spatial reference system. This work presents findings related to this issue, obtained from several years of operation of an online service for the conversion and transformation of geographical data which is heavily used by users from all over the world. It presents statistics of individual formats use and spatial reference systems of geospatial data use from the point of view of both input and output data. The results, besides other things, are shown in the form of a pie chart map in which various needs of users from a variety of countries can be seen. The results of this work can be used especially by developers of applications which use geospatial data; it will allow them to quickly understand current user needs. 相似文献