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1.
东亚夏季气溶胶—云—降水分布特征及其相互影响的资料分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东亚季风气候受到自然因素和人类活动的共同影响,而人类活动因子中气溶胶的作用尤为关键,采用诊断分析的手段研究东亚地区气溶胶的特征及其与云和降水的相互关系具有重要的科学意义。本文利用MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer)气溶胶和云资料以及TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)降水数据,分析了东亚夏季气溶胶、云、降水的时空分布特征,研究了气溶胶与云和降水的相互关系。结果表明:中国四个典型地区(珠三角、长三角、四川盆地、京津唐)2001～2011年夏季(6～8月)平均气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)变化范围为0.40～0.68,云光学厚度平均值为18.7～23.6,水云云滴有效粒子半径在20.2～25.6 μm,冰云有效粒子半径在12.9～15.3 μm,云水路径为222.2～243.8 g m-2,降水强度平均值3.6～8.6 mm d-1;珠三角气溶胶光学厚度有显著降低趋势,年倾向为-3.31%,四川盆地云滴有效粒子半径(冰云、水云)和云水路径年变化趋势为-0.42%、-0.49%和-1.26%,京津唐夏季降水量年增幅为3.24%。气溶胶光学厚度和云光学厚度呈正相关,相关系数最大为0.77;在相对湿度较低(30%～50%)情况下,气溶胶光学厚度与云滴有效粒子半径呈负相关;气溶胶光学厚度与云水路径呈正相关,相关系数最大为0.92;相对于低污染情况(AOD<0.5),高污染情况(AOD>0.5)下出现大雨(>10 mm d-1)的频率增加了6.6%～19.1%,小雨(<1 mm d-1)的频率减少了0.72%～7.3%。在水汽含量较少的情况下,气溶胶的增加导致云滴有效粒子半径的减少;气溶胶增强了南方地区的对流性降水,抑制了北方地区层云降水。 相似文献
2.
《干旱气象》2020,(4)
利用2014—2015年的云和地球辐射能量系统CERES Aqua Edition 4A SSF的云产品以及地面小时降水数据,对辽宁地区(38.5°N—43.5°N、118.5°E—126°E)云宏微观特征参量的时空分布进行分析,并研究各参数与降水的相关性,建立基于云光学厚度(COD)与云水路径(CWP)的降水云识别指标。结果表明,夏季云层发展旺盛,云量(CF)、COD、云顶高度(CTH)以及CWP值均较高,平均值分别为62.7%、17.9、6.5 km和252.1 g·m~(-2),而冬季云参数的值最低,分别为48.3%、7.0、3.4 km和106.2 g·m~(-2),仅云粒子有效半径(ER)显著高于其他季节。受地形影响,西部地区(122°E以西)的成云条件较东部差,除CTH较高外,其他云参量均较东部偏低。除云顶气压(CTP)和云顶温度(CTT)外,CF、COD、CWP和ER均随降水强度的增加而增加,说明云层越深厚降水强度越大,云含水量越高,粒子尺度越大。筛选出的与降水强度相关性最高的COD与CWP作为降水云识别因子,利用TS评分及HSS评分方法,选取评分值最高时对应的COD和CWP作为降水云的识别阈值,分别为35和415 g·m~(-2)。 相似文献
3.
结合Cloud Sat对云的主动观测和MODIS(MODerate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)对气溶胶的被动反演,研究了典型站点气溶胶对云的宏观、微观和辐射特性的影响。结果表明,气溶胶对大陆性和海洋性站点的云均有显著影响。1)随气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)增加,水汽含量较弱站点的低层(高层)云量呈减小(增加)趋势,而水汽条件较强站点的各层云量均增大,且具有较高(较低)云顶的云层发生概率在各个站点都呈增加(减小)趋势。2)AOD的增大导致各站点云滴和冰晶粒子的有效半径均减小、大气层顶的短波和长波云辐射强迫均增强、短波云辐射强迫绝对值的加强更显著、长波云辐射强迫增加的幅度相对更大。3)气象要素在AOD大(小)值情况下的变化表明,大尺度动力条件并不能解释云的上述特性随AOD的显著改变。 相似文献
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6.
《湖北气象》2015,(4)
利用2000年4月—2013年9月搭载于Aqua和Terra卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)遥感资料,首先分析上海及周边地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的长期统计特性,而后配合地面自动气象站降水资料,分析气溶胶与不同类型云的特征参数和地面降水之间的关系,研究该地区气溶胶与云和降水的相互作用。结果表明:上海及周边地区AOD年均值从2000—2009年和2011—2013年分别呈现增强、减弱趋势,而2010年出现明显低值。随着气溶胶增多,该地区浅薄水云的发生频率减少15.5%~32.4%,而深厚混合云的发生频率增加2.1%~10.0%。气溶胶增多对水云云滴粒子有效半径变化的影响受环境水汽条件影响很大,当水汽条件充分(不足)时,气溶胶增多会导致水云云滴粒子有效半径增加(减弱)。深厚混合云的云顶温度随AOD增加而显著减少。气溶胶较多时,降雨量小于1.0 mm·h-1的较弱降水发生频率减少,而降雨量大于等于1.0 mm·h-1的较强降水发生频率增加,说明气溶胶增多会抑制弱降水发生而加强强降水发生。 相似文献
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沙尘气溶胶作为地球大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对全球气候、生态环境和人体健康都有重要影响。厘清青藏高原地区的沙尘气溶胶时空分布变化,对研究青藏高原沙尘气溶胶气候环境效应有重要意义。利用风云卫星遥感资料、再分析资料等多源数据,统计分析了1999-2020年青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征。高原沙尘活动强度在季风期明显高于非季风期,沙尘气溶胶光学厚度（Dust Optical Depth, DOD）在春、夏、秋、冬季的多年平均分别为0.176、 0.064、 0.032、 0.060,气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）为0.223、 0.118、 0.069、 0.117。柴达木盆地是青藏高原地区沙尘活动最活跃的区域,在高原西部和南部监测到零星沙尘活动。2018-2020年,青藏高原上空发生沙尘事件的天数分别为：192天、 218天和212天。东亚地区沙尘源地（约62%）与中东、中亚地区沙尘源地（约30%）分别是高原北部和南部沙尘气溶胶的主要来源,源自北非地区的沙尘主要影响高原南部的高海拔地区。青藏高原地区沙尘活动在2000-2012年强度较高,201... 相似文献
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于志翔 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(2):128-136
利用中分辨率成像光谱仪（Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS）大气气溶胶光学厚度产品数据，采用三角剖分算法、最近邻点搜索、插值法和趋势分析法，分析新疆气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD）时空变化。结果表明：（1）新疆AOD总体呈下降趋势且地域差异明显，南疆AOD明显高于北疆，高值区主要集中在塔里木盆地边缘和天山北坡经济带。（2）北疆AOD年际变化不明显。2014年最高，2005年最低，年均值在0.15～0.18。南疆则呈明显的年际变化。最高值出现在2006年，为0.42；最低值出现在2017年，为0.22。（3）新疆AOD呈明显季节变化特征。春季最大，秋季最小。（4）2003—2019年南疆环塔里木盆地北部、东南边缘和北疆沿天山北坡经济带AOD增量明显。 相似文献
9.
中国西南地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用MODIS卫星遥感产品研究西南地区气溶胶季节变化,并对成都和香格里拉两站2008年的太阳光度计观测资料进行分析。结果表明西南地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD Aerosol Optical Depth)全年呈西低东高的地理分布特征,但东西部季节变化特征不同:西南地区东部AOD有春季最大,秋冬次之,夏季最小的演变特征,并且在四川盆地,黔、渝、湘交界和广西中部有三个明显的AOD高值区。西南地区西部AOD有春季最大,夏秋次之,冬季最小的演变特征,无明显高值区。太阳光度计资料分析表明,成都地区AOD日变化呈准双峰型,香格里拉AOD日变化呈上升趋势。 相似文献
10.
利用2017年成都市彭州地区CE318型太阳分光光度计的观测数据,反演了该地区的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)、Angstr?m指数(α)和大气浑浊度(β),分析了AOD与α、β以及可吸入颗粒物(PM10、PM_(2. 5))之间的关系。结果表明:AOD表现出冬季>春季>夏季>秋季的季节变化特征,高值主要出现在冬、春季,低值主要出现在夏、秋季。Angstr?m指数在全年的波动不大,月平均值为1. 22±0. 19,低值出现在春季,高值出现在夏季。除了冬季,在其他季节观察到和Angstr?m指数具有相同的月变化趋势。AOD与β之间具有较强的相关性,但与PM10、PM_(2. 5)的正相关关系表现偏弱。该地区气溶胶光学特性受北方沙尘的影响并不明显,但受到人类活动的影响显著,该地区主控态气溶胶是以细粒子为主的城市—工业型气溶胶类型。 相似文献
11.
Inter-annual and regional variations in aerosol and cloud characteristics, water vapor and rainfall over six homogeneous rainfall zones in India during the core monsoon month of July from 2000 to 2010, and their correlations are analyzed. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorbing index (AAI) in July 2002, a drought year are higher over India when compared to normal monsoon years. The drier conditions that existed due to deficient rainfall in July 2002 could be responsible for raising more dust and smoke resulting in higher AODs over India. In addition, over India precipitation is not uniform and large-scale interruptions occur during the monsoon season. During these interruptions aerosols can build up over a region and contribute to an increase in AODs. This finding is supported by the occurrence of higher anomalies in AOD, AAI and rainfall over India in July 2002. Aerosol characteristics and rainfall exhibit large regional variations. Cloud effective radius (CER), cloud optical thickness and columnar water vapor over India are the lowest in July 2002. CER decreases as AOD and AAI increase, providing an observational evidence for the indirect effect of aerosols. Eighty percent of CER in northwest India, and 30% of CER over All India in July 2002 are <14 μm, the precipitation threshold critical cloud effective radius. Northeast India shows contrasting features of correlation among aerosols, clouds and rainfall when compared to other regions. These results will be important while examining the inter-annual variation in aerosols, cloud characteristics, rainfall and their trends. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of cloud water path(CWP)data over China available from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project(ISCCP)are performed for the period 1984-2004.Combined with GPCP precipitation data,cloud water cycle index(CWCI)is also calculated.The climatic distributions of CWP are found to be dependent on large-scale circulation,topographical features,water vapor transport and similar distribution features which are found in CWCI except in the Sichuan Basin.Influenced by the Asia monsoon,CWP over China exhibits very large seasonal variations in different regions.The seasonal cycles of CWCI in different regions are consistent and the largest CWCI occurs in July.The long-term trends of CWP and CWCI are investigated,too.Increasing trends of CWP are found during the period with the largest increase found in winter.The decreasing trends of CWCI dominate most regions of China.The differences in long-term trends between CWP and CWCI suggest that CWP only can influence the variation of CWCI to a certain extent and that other factors need to be involved in cloud water cycle researches.This phenomenon reveals the complexity of the hydrological cycle related to cloud water. 相似文献
13.
The direct and semi-direct radiative effects of anthropogenic aerosols on the radiative transfer and cloud fields in the Western United States (WUS) according to seasonal aerosol optical depth (AOD) and regional climate are examined using a regional climate model (RCM) in conjunction with the aerosol fields from a GEOS-Chem chemical-transport model (CTM) simulation. The two radiative effects cannot be separated within the experimental design in this study, thus the combined direct- and semi-direct effects are called radiative effects hereafter. The CTM shows that the AOD associated with the anthropogenic aerosols is chiefly due to sulfates with minor contributions from black carbon (BC) and that the AOD of the anthropogenic aerosol varies according to local emissions and the seasonal low-level winds. The RCM-simulated anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects vary according to the characteristics of regional climate, in addition to the AOD. The effects on the top of the atmosphere (TOA) outgoing shortwave radiation (OSRT) range from ?0.2?Wm?2 to ?1?Wm?2. In Northwestern US (NWUS), the maximum and minimum impact of anthropogenic aerosols on OSRT occurs in summer and winter, respectively, following the seasonal AOD. In Arizona-New Mexico (AZNM), the effect of anthropogenic sulfates on OSRT shows a bimodal distribution with winter/summer minima and spring/fall maxima, while the effect of anthropogenic BC shows a single peak in summer. The anthropogenic aerosols affect surface insolation range from ?0.6?Wm?2 to ?2.4?Wm?2, with similar variations found for the effects on OSRT except that the radiative effects of anthropogenic BC over AZNM show a bimodal distribution with spring/fall maxima and summer/winter minima. The radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfates on TOA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the surface downward longwave radiation (DLRS) are notable only in summer and are characterized by strong geographical contrasts; the summer OLR in NWUS (AZNM) is reduced (enhanced) by 0.52?Wm?2 (1.14?Wm?2). The anthropogenic sulfates enhance (reduce) summer DLRS by 0.2?Wm?2 (0.65?Wm?2) in NWUS (AZNM). The anthropogenic BC affect DLRS noticeably only in AZNM during summer. The anthropogenic aerosols affect the cloud water path (CWP) and the radiative transfer noticeably only in summer when convective clouds are dominant. Primarily shortwave-reflecting anthropogenic sulfates decrease and increase CWP in AZNM and NWUS, respectively, however, the shortwave-absorbing anthropogenic BC reduces CWP in both regions. Due to strong feedback via convective clouds, the radiative effects of anthropogenic aerosols on the summer radiation field are more closely correlated with the changes in CWP than the AOD. The radiative effect of the total anthropogenic aerosols is dominated by the anthropogenic sulfates that contribute more than 80% of the total AOD associated with the anthropogenic aerosols. 相似文献
14.
地表太阳总辐射具有较大的时空变化特征,不同地区的影响因素也存在显著差异。本文利用1961—2016年青藏高原与华北地区的地表太阳总辐射资料,在进行严格的质量控制和均一化处理的基础上,深入分析了两个地区总辐射的年际变化趋势,同时结合云量和气溶胶光学厚度观测资料,探讨了两个地区总辐射变化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)1961—2016年青藏高原和华北地区总辐射总体呈下降趋势,但2008年后青藏高原西部和东部地区总辐射变化趋势相反,而华北地区站点总辐射均呈上升趋势。(2)青藏高原西部地区总辐射的下降主要受到云量变化的影响,而东部地区低云量和气溶胶的下降是总辐射上升的重要原因。(3)在2006—2016年,华北地区总辐射的变化受气溶胶的影响更加显著。 相似文献
15.
降水云是人工增雨作业的主要对象,了解降水云系的垂直结构对于人工增雨可播条件的选择至关重要。利用Cloudsat卫星2008年3月—2009年2月资料,首先通过大量个例分析并结合地面降水量观测验证Cloudsat卫星识别降水云方法的合理性,在此基础上,统计分析了华北和江淮地区降水云与非降水云的垂直结构特征。统计结果表明:降水云与非降水云垂直结构存在明显差异, 两地区降水云云底高度都在2 km以下,非降水云的云底高度以高于2 km为主。两地区单层降水云云厚以大于6 km为主,多层降水云云厚以2~4 km为主,非降水云云厚以小于2 km为主。两地区降水云夹层厚度集中于1~2 km,非降水云夹层厚度集中在4 km以上。江淮地区多层云降水频率略高于华北地区。 相似文献
16.
L.-X. Chen B. Zhang W.-Q. Zhu X.-J. Zhou Y.-F. Luo Z.-J. Zhou J.-H. He 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,96(1-2):191-199
Understanding the role of aerosols in global and regional climate change requires the long-term measurements of aerosol optical properties. We use an indirect method to infer aerosol optical depths (AODs) based on atmospheric visibility and water vapor pressure measured at 504 key climate stations in eastern China (east of 100° E) over 1951–2002. Inferred AODs are compared with the MODIS satellite measurements for year of 2002. Results show that AODs averaged over 1951–2000 exhibit large values in Sichuan Basin and Changjiang River Delta, and there are two belts of high AODs, one from Beijing to South China by the middle reaches of Changjiang River and the other from Beijing to Changjiang Delta. Inferred AODs in eastern China show the lowest value in 1960s, increase dramatically in 1980s, and reach maximum in 1990s. The ratios of the regional and decadal mean AOD in 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s to that in 1960s are 1.085, 1.0, 1.066, 1.195, and 1.22, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that variations in AODs correlate with the changes in precipitation and air temperature in eastern China over the past 50 years. Correlation coefficients between annual mean AOD and precipitation are 0.39, 0.37, and 0.57 in the upper (Sichuan Basin), middle, and lower reaches of the Changjiang River, respectively. In the Sichuan Basin, the increase in annual mean AOD correlates with the reduction in air temperature with a correlation coefficient of ?0.33 at 95% confidence level. 相似文献
17.
Due to increase in population and economic development, the mega-cities are facing increased haze events which are causing important effects on the regional environment and climate. In order to understand these effects, we require an in-depth knowledge of optical and physical properties of aerosols in intense haze conditions. In this paper an effort has been made to analyze the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols during intense haze event over mega-city of Lahore by using remote sensing data obtained from satellites (Terra/Aqua Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)) and ground based instrument (AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)) during 6-14 October 2013. The instantaneous highest value of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is observed to be 3.70 on 9 October 2013 followed by 3.12 on 8 October 2013. The primary cause of such high values is large scale crop residue burning and urban-industrial emissions in the study region. AERONET observations show daily mean AOD of 2.36 which is eight times higher than the observed values on normal day. The observed fine mode volume concentration is more than 1.5 times greater than the coarse mode volume concentration on the high aerosol burden day. We also find high values (~0.95) of Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) on 9 October 2013. Scatter-plot between AOD (500 nm) and Angstrom exponent (440-870 nm) reveals that biomass burning/urban-industrial aerosols are the dominant aerosol type on the heavy aerosol loading day over Lahore. MODIS fire activity image suggests that the areas in the southeast of Lahore across the border with India are dominated by biomass burning activities. A Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model backward trajectory showed that the winds at 1000 m above the ground are responsible for transport from southeast region of biomass burning to Lahore. CALIPSO derived sub-types of aerosols with vertical profile taken on 10 October 2013 segregates the wide spread aerosol burden as smoke, polluted continental and dust aerosols. 相似文献
18.
基于模板匹配的云底高度估计 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本文提出一种将主动卫星遥感云底高数据扩展到被动遥感卫星视场的新方法。在分析云顶高度(CTH)和云水路径(CWP)对云垂直分布影响的基础上,提出用CTH和CWP两项参数为基的模板匹配法,结合加权最近邻插值估计云层厚度,并用成熟的CTH反演产品减去云层厚度,得到云底高度(CBH)。然后引入小波去噪的方法抑制对云底高度估计的局部高频涨落。与基于云类型的估计方法相比,该方法在20~300km范围内与其估计效果相当,且在170~240km范围内误差更小。考虑到基于云类型的估计方法在CloudSat卫星和MODIS云分类结果上存在差异,本文方法的适用性更好。 相似文献
19.
利用MODIS卫星资料对中国中东部和印度次大陆气溶胶特性的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用Terra和Aqua卫星上的MODIS探测反演气溶胶产品,比较分析了中国中东部和印度次大陆地区的气溶胶物理特性的异同。研究结果表明:中国中东部气溶胶类型以烟尘为主,印度次大陆地区东、西部分别以烟尘和沙尘为主。两地气溶胶光学厚度均有明显的年际变化,冬季低,夏季高。在夏季,两地烟尘所占比例都很大,且光学厚度也大,故两地污染状况都比较严重。总体来说,中国中东部地区污染程度要高于印度次大陆地区。 相似文献