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本文提出几种不同的实验条件对中国对虾存活、生长和蜕皮的影响;连续测量了中国对虾各期溞状幼虫和糠虾幼虫蜕皮间期的体长变化。实验数据经数理统计,主要结果如下:1、不同的饲养密度、投饵量和换水率对中国对虾的存活有显著的影响(α=0.05)。较高的密度、投饵过量和换水不足的综合效应导致水体中溶解氧含量下降,氨氮和pH超出允许的范围。2、水体溶解氧含量降至临界水平是对虾大量死亡的主要原因,溶解氧含量是影响对虾存活的限制因子。3、当摄食不足时,中国对虾会表现出蜕皮后零生长、负生长。4、第一、二、三期溞状幼虫在蜕皮间期内身体分别能延长12％,11％和7％。本文还提出了一些关于加强对虾养成期管理的建议;讨论了对虾蜕皮后体长不增加或体长缩短这一现象、机理以及该现象在对虾养成管理中的意义。 相似文献
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哈氏仿对虾 (Parapenaeopsishardwikii)的C、N和H含量的平均值分别为 40 .0 2 %± 1 .2 2 %、1 0 .0 4%± 0 .42 %和 5 .5 4%± 0 .2 0 % ;哈氏仿对虾的C含量有明显的季节变化 ,同样体长的雌虾春季的平均C含量较夏季的高。同一季节雌雄虾体平均C含量大致相同。而且它们的C含量变化与性产物的量有一定的关系。哈氏仿对虾产卵期的C∶N和C∶H的元素比率较产卵前和产卵后为高。哈氏仿对虾的C含量较长毛对虾 (Penaeuspenicillatus)和日本对虾 (P .japenicus)的低 ,而比刀额新对虾 (Metapenaeusensis)稍高 ;其N、H含量均比这 3种对虾略低。 相似文献
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中国对虾体内钴镍含量及其变化规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钻(Co)和镍(Ni)是动物生长发育必需的微量元素[1],它们与动物体内许多酶的活性与功能具有密切的联系[2].缺Co将影响维生素B12的合成速度和丙酸的代谢过程;缺Ni则使淀粉酶与肝脏脱氢酶的活性降低,从而影响氨基酸的代谢[3].关于中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)在生长过程中Co,Ni的含量与变化规律及其相互关系,国内外尚未见报道.笔者采用原子吸收分光光度计测定不同体长的天然对虾和养殖对虾体内Co,Ni的含量,并通过多元分析方法揭示中国对虾在不同生长阶段Co和Ni的变化规律以及它们之间、它们与其体长之间的相互关系. 相似文献
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1989年6～9月,采用高效液相色谱法对天然中国对虾与唐海县十里海养殖场养殖对虾体内的维生素含量进行了定期系统地对比研究。结果表明,天然对虾与养殖对虾腹部的维生素C含量差异极显著(P<0.01),前者比后者平均高出81.9%;随着天然对虾体长的增加,其头胸部的维生素C含量也不断上升,而自8月10日以后,养殖对虾头胸部的维生素C含量却随体长的增加而大幅度下降。但二者体内的B1、B2、B6、菸酸(NAc)、菸酰胺(NAm)和叶酸(FAc)含量并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,维生素C可能是人工养殖的中国对虾生长发育的主要限制因子之一。 相似文献
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中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）维生素营养的研究──Ⅴ．中国对虾维生素C营养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出以稳定态的ＬＡＰＰ代替一般维生素Ｃ添加在配合饲料中饲喂对虾，指出：在１００ｇ饲料中含ＬＡＰＰ４００ｍｇ时，其体长增长率和体重增重率最高，存活率最佳．饲料中ＬＡＰＰ浓度大小影响对虾的蜕壳频率和蜕壳周期，当饲料中ＬＡＰＰ缺乏时，对虾的蜕壳频率降低，蜕壳周期延长；过量的ＬＡＰＰ也会使对虾的蜕壳频率相对降低，但比缺乏或不足的要高。维生素Ｃ在对虾肝胰脏中的积累以ＬＡＰＰ含量４００ｍｇ／１００ｇ饲料组为最高。 相似文献
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通过多年生产性试验及测量对虾体长和对虾投饵量的记录,整理出不同体长每万尾对虾投饵量的计算式:Q=1/a+be~(-l)=1/0.6245+42.2379e~(-l) 相似文献
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甜菜渣对中国对虾消化酶的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于１９９６年１０月在中国科学院海洋研究所选取人工养殖中国对虾（平均体长９．０２ｃｍ），以双缩脲法测定消化器官的蛋白含量；福林一酚试剂法测定蛋白酶活力；Ｓｏｍｏｇｙｉ比色法糖法测定淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力，同时研究中国对虾配合饵料中添加１０％的甜菜渣或１０％经不同方法处理的甜菜渣时，对消化器官蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶活力变化的影响。结果表明，在饵料中添加１０％甜菜渣 经不同方法处理的甜菜渣饲喂中国对虾， 相似文献
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无特定病原中国对虾种群选育的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
报道了无特定病原中国对虾种群（SPF）选育的结果，主要介绍1999－2000年选育子3代和子4代的养殖结果。1999年选育对虾子3代养殖平均1788kg/ha，对虾平均体长13．69cm。而对照池中暂养池对虾体长3－4cm发病死亡，养殖池对虾体长6cm发病死亡；2000年选育对虾子4代养殖平均3168kg/ha，对虾平均体长15．00cm；对照池产量为3450kg/ha，对虾平均体长13．30cm。说明经过连续几代的人工选育，对虾生长速度明显加快。 相似文献
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用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 等8 种重金属含量, 并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明: 不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05), 各群体中Pb 含量均超过标准, 厦门海门岛群体中Cd 含量超标; 厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高, 所有采样点底泥中Cu 含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd 含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类; 可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe 的富集系数均小于1, 对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb 和As 的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小; 可口革囊星虫中的Fe 和As 含量与底泥中的Fe 和As 含量高度正相关, Zn 和Hg 含量的相关性次之, 其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。 相似文献
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The major and minor element compositions of a suite of abyssal sea-floor ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the eastern central Pacific have been used to examine inter-element relationships and the mineralogy of the nodules, the relationship between the composition of nodules and their associated sediments and regional variations in composition with respect to likely modes of formation of such deposits. Apart from Mn and Fe, significant proportions of the total Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Ba, Sr, Th and Y and almost all the P, As, Ce, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr are present in the oxide fractions of the nodules. The Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni and Zn contents are significantly correlated with the Mn content, while Ti, P, As, Pb, Sr, Y and Zr are similarly correlated with the total Fe content.Nodules from the northeastern tropical Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios higher than those in the oxide fractions of their associated sediments, todorokite as the principal Mn phase and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Mn. Nodules from the south central Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios similar to those in the oxide fractions of the associated sediments, δ-MnO2 as the only Mn-phase, and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Fe. There appears to be a smooth gradation in composition in the tropical Pacific between these two end members.The regional compositional variation is interpreted as a reflection of different sources of metals for, and different growth mechanisms of, sea-floor nodules. The oxide precipitate from sea water consists of δ-MnO2, has a relatively low Mn/Fe ratio and minor element contents related to the total Fe and Mn(δ-MnO2) content. The oxide precipitate forming in areas of very low sedimentation as a result of diagenetic remobilisation in the surface sediment consists of todorokite, and has a high Mn/Fe ratio and enhanced metal content in the Mn-(todorokite)phase. Available information on the morphology and compositional variation of individual nodules from the tropical Pacific corroborates these contrasting metal sources and suggests that they can be resolved on the scale of an individual oxide concretion. 相似文献
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为评估马氏珠母贝金黄壳色选育群体与养殖群体不同组织中矿物质元素的异同,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对以上2个群体的5个组织(外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌、足和性腺-内脏团)中钙(Ca)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)和锌(Zn)含量进行检测分析,并比较2个群体矿物质元素含量的差异及马氏珠母贝各组织间含量的差异。结果发现:(1)外套膜的Ca含量显著高于性腺-内脏团和闭壳肌;足的Cu含量显著高于闭壳肌和外套膜;在外套膜和鳃上的Mg含量显著高于足、性腺-内脏团和闭壳肌;性腺-内脏团和足上的Mn含量显著高于闭壳肌、鳃和外套膜;性腺-内脏团上的Fe和Zn含量显著高于足、鳃和闭壳肌。(2)闭壳肌中Ca、Mn和Zn在金黄壳色选育群体中含量显著高于养殖群体,Cu、Fe和Mg含量在2个群体间不存在显著性差异。(3)性腺-内脏团和足中Zn在金黄壳色选育群体中含量均显著高于养殖群体,Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg和Mn含量在2个群体间均不存在显著性差异。(4)鳃中各矿物质元素含量在2个群体间不存在显著性差异。(5)外套膜中Fe、Mn和Zn在金黄壳色选育群体的含量显著高于养殖群体,Cu在养殖群体含量显著高于金黄壳色选育群体,Ca和Mg含量在2个群体间不存在显著性差异。结果表明,马氏珠母贝金黄壳色选育群体与养殖群体之间在部分矿物质元素含量上已表现出分化,这为马氏珠母贝壳色新品系选育提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
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红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。 相似文献
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Shizuko Hirata 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(1):23-46
Phosphorus and metals bound to organic matter were separated from coastal sediments of Harima Sound in Seto Inland Sea, Japan by extraction with NaOH and fractionated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Phosphorus and metals were determined in the eluates by a multi-channel, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Phosphorus and Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti bound to organic matter with high molecular weights (OMHMW) (MW ? 5000) were found to be present in the sediments, but no Mo or V were found. The technique provides minimum estimates of the amounts of P and metals bound to organic matter. These organic complexes show surface enrichment in a sediment core (0–20 cm) and their contents decrease with depth. Also, the amounts of eighteen elements, namely: P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Si, Al, Ti, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Na, K, Ca and Mg, in H2O, ammonium acetate at pH 7 and 5, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrogen fluoric acid soluble fractions have been determined with a selective chemical leaching technique for the 210Pb-dated sediment core sample. Considerable amounts of P (6–19%) and Cu (5–21%) were associated with organic matter, in contrast to other metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti which were associated with sulfide and silicate. 相似文献
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为探究大洋富钴结壳的元素地球化学特征和赋存状态,以西太平洋麦哲伦海山群5个富钴结壳样品为研究对象,通过X射线衍射法、等离子体发射光谱法、等离子体质谱法及相态分析手段,分析了富钴结壳的矿物组成、主量元素和稀土元素含量。结果表明,富钴结壳样品主要结晶矿物为水羟锰矿,次要矿物包括石英、斜长石和钾长石,同时含有大量非晶态铁氧/氢氧化物。富钴结壳样品中Mn和Fe含量最高, Mn为16.87%～26.55%, Fe为14.34%～18.08%。富钴结壳明显富集稀土元素,其稀土总量为1 287～2 000μg/g,Ce含量为632～946μg/g,约占稀土总量的50%;轻稀土含量为1 037～1 604μg/g,重稀土含量为249～395μg/g,轻稀土元素明显高于重稀土元素。稀土元素配分模式呈现Ce正异常而Eu无异常,具有Ce富集特征。麦哲伦海山群富钴结壳是水成沉积成因,基本没有受到海底热液活动和成岩作用的影响。元素赋存状态与其矿物相密切相关, Na、K、Ca、Mg和Sr主要赋存于碳酸盐相, Mn、Ba、Co和Ni主要赋存于锰氧化物相, Fe、Al、P、Ti、Cu、Pb、V、Zn、Zr和REE主要... 相似文献
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１９８９年５月及１０月测定青海湖主要经济鱼类青海湖裸鲤Ｇｙｍｎｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ ｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉ ｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉ（Ｋｅｓｓｌｌｅｒ）不同性别，９种组织中的人体及动物必需常量元素６种，微量元素１０种的含量。存在不同组织、性别、季节及年份的差异。雌鱼常量元素总量是骨＞鳞＞鳃＞肝＞肌肉＞肠＞心＞卵巢＞皮；微量元素总量肠＞鳞＞心＞鳃＞骨＞肝＞皮＞卵巢＜肌肉。雄鱼常量元素总量是骨＞鳞＞鳃＞皮＞精 相似文献
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Metal accumulation by Juncus maritimus and the effect this plant might have on the physico-chemical composition of sediments, from Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were investigated through one year of plant's life. The contents of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in sediments, rhizosediments (those among plant roots and rhizomes) and different tissues of J. maritimus. Two estuarine sites with different characteristics were studied, one a sandy sediment with relatively low organic matter content, the other a muddy site. The role of the plant seemed to be markedly dependent on the sediment composition. At the sandy site, significant variations throughout the year (a decrease from winter to summer and an increase in autumn) either in rhizosediment and sediment or in J. maritimus roots were only observed in Cd and Cu levels. These variations were the same in both compartments, probably caused by tidal water movements and the activity of the plant. At the muddy site, variations throughout the year were observed for all studied elements but Pb. Changes in the Cd and Zn contents of roots were opposite to those in the rhizosediment (uptake of Cd and Zn by J. maritimus roots in summer may have caused a decrease in rhizosediment levels). Fe and Mn showed similar patterns of variation in both roots and rhizosediment (contents significantly increasing in summer). Higher contents of Fe and Mn in roots in summer could be related to changes in mass, higher availability of the elements, or accumulation at the surface of the root in (hydr)oxides forms. For the remaining elements no significant correlations between rhizosediment and roots variations were observed, indicating that their uptake and release by roots were not based on single exchanges with the sediment. J. maritimus showed capacity to accumulate Cu, Zn and particularly Cd, thus appearing to be useful for the phytostabilization of these metals. 相似文献
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In 1984, on a transect covering the whole Baltic Sea and parts of the adjacent North Sea, 160 water samples were taken and analysed for their concentrations of particulate and dissolved metals. In addition, the suspended materials were investigated for their elemental bulk composition.The particulate fractions represented from about 5% (Cd, Cu and Ni) to 50% (Fe and Pb) of the total (particulate plus dissolved) concentrations. For some elements (Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn), the particulate matter from the surface microlayer was enriched with respect to those suspended materials taken from 0.2 m depth. This could reflect the atmospheric input of metal-rich aerosols. In anoxic deep waters, maximum contents of Zn (6400 μg g−1), Cu (1330 μg g−1) and Cd (12 μg g−1) were observed in the particulate matter, indicating sulphidic forms. On the other hand, under oxic conditions the distribution coefficients (Kd) decreased with the water depth (Cd, Fe and Pb).Relative to global background levels, the particulate matter contained metal “excesses” amounting to more than 90% of the total contents (Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn). Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) revealed that the elemental composition of sediments is mainly governed by post-depositional processes of early diagenesis and is only weakly related to the composition of suspended matter in the overlying water body. For instance, in relation to surface mud sediments of the central Baltic net-sedimentation basins, Zn, Cd, Cu and Mn had 30–100% higher levels in the suspended materials. The general pattern of metal contents of particulate matter taken from 10 m depth on a transect between the Bothnian Bay and the North Sea were—possibly as a result of anthropogenic inputs—rather similar for Pb, Zn and Cu. For Fe and Mn, the distribution patterns along the transect were probably governed by the natural loading characteristics and by the biogeochemistry of those elements. 相似文献