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1.
1 Introduction The major cities of North China are located in the warm extra-tropical belt and the semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone. Geographically, the Taihang Mountain to the northwest is a shield against invasion of cold air, although it is … 相似文献
2.
Western North Pacific Subtropical High is a very important atmospheric circulation system influencing the summer climate over
eastern China. Its interdecadal change is analyzed in this study. There is a significant decadal shift in about 1979/1980.
Since 1980, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High has enlarged, intensified, and shifted southwestward. This change gives
rise to an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the South China Sea to western Pacific and thus causes wet
anomalies over the Yangtze River valley. During the summers of 1980–1999, the precipitation is 63.9 mm above normal, while
during 1958–1979 it is 27.3 mm below normal. The difference is significant at the 99% confidence level as at-test shown. The southwestward expanding of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High also leads to a significant warming
in southern China, during 1980–1999 the summer mean temperature is 0.37°C warmer than that of the period 1958–1979. The strong
warming is primarily due to the clearer skies associated with the stronger downward air motion as the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High expanding to the west and controlling southern China. It is also found that the relative percentage of tropical
cyclones in the regions south of 20°N is decreasing since the 1980s, but in the regions north of 20°N that is increasing at
the same time. The Western North Pacific Subtropical High responds significantly to sea surface temperature of the tropical
eastern Pacific with a lag of one-two seasons and simultaneously to sea surface temperature of the tropical Indian Ocean.
The changes in the sea surface temperatures are mainly responsible for the interdecadal variability of the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High. 相似文献
3.
西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化 及其气候影响 总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45
西北太平洋副热带高压是影响我国夏季气候的一个非常重要的环流系统，本文主要分析了其年代际尺度的变化。发现在１９７９／１９８０年前后，其强度和范围发生了一次明显的年代际尺度的变化。１９８０年代以来，副高明显偏强，范围向西向南显著扩展。副高的年代际变化也对我国东部地区的气候产生了显著的影响。主要表现在近２０多年来长江中下游地区夏季降水显著增加，华南地区夏季气温显著偏高，以及西太平洋２０°Ｎ以南台风活动相对偏弱而２０°Ｎ以北洋面台风活动相对增强。副高的年代际变化与冬、春季赤道太平洋海表温度及同期热带印度洋海温有密切联系。 相似文献
4.
中国西北地区大范围极端高温事件的大气环流异常特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国西北5省(区)90个台站1961—2005年的逐日气温资料,分析了西北五省(区)发生大范围极端高温事件时的大气环流异常特征。结果表明,当出现大范围极端高温事件时,100 hPa南亚高压强度偏强并北移至西北地区上空,副高脊线偏北,同时500 hPa高度场上有一与温度暖中心相匹配的闭合高压单体控制着西北地区,西北地区上空大气高(中低)层为负(正)温度距平。此外,西北地区上空下沉气流强度明显偏强,下沉运动加强中心在300 hPa高度左右。与此同时,除了新疆西南部,西北其他地区的散度场形势都是大气上层辐合,下层辐散,并且辐合辐散强度都偏强,其中的辐合带主要位于150～300 hPa高度,辐合中心及其加强中心在200 hPa高度左右。 相似文献
5.
华北主要城市夏季高温气候特征及评估方法 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
利用我国华北地区1961~2000年夏季6~8月高温资料,探讨了华北地区主要城市高温过程,建立该地区强高温过程较完整的序列。分析华北主要城市北京、天津、石家庄、济南、太原市等夏季危害性高温气候特征。给出了东亚副热带高压和大陆变性高压的活动特点。观测结果表明,东亚副热带高压和大陆变性高压对华北地区主要城市夏季危害性高温在各地有很大差异,与相对湿度大小有密切关系。东亚副热带高压和大陆变性高压的活动是造成华北地区城市夏季危害性高温的主要影响系统。在此基础上建立了华北主要城市夏季危害性高温候、旬、月评估方法。其结果表明该方法对华北地区主要城市夏季危害性高温影响评估有应用价值。 相似文献
6.
This paper presents an analysis of the mechanisms and impacts of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on the summer
precipitation in China, using RegCM3 version 3.1 model simulations. Comparisons of simulations vs. observations show that
RegCM3 well captures these impacts. Results indicate that in a more-snow year with deep frozen soil there will be more precipitation
in the Yangtze River Basin and central Northwest China, western Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, but less precipitation in
Northeast China, North China, South China, and most of Southwest China. In a less-snow year with deep frozen soil, however,
there will be more precipitation in Northeast China, North China, and southern South China, but less precipitation in the Yangtze
River Basin and in northern South China. Such differences may be attributed to different combination patterns of melting snow
and thawing frozen soil on the Plateau, which may change soil moisture as well as cause differences in energy absorption in the
phase change processes of snow cover and frozen soil. These factors may produce more surface sensible heat in more-snow years
when the frozen soil is deep than when the frozen soil is shallow. The higher surface sensible heat may lead to a stronger updraft
over the Plateau, eventually contributing to a stronger South Asia High and West Pacific Subtropical High. Due to different values
of the wind fields at 850 hPa, a convergence zone will form over the Yangtze River Basin, which may produce more summer precipitation
in the basin area but less precipitation in North China and South China. However, because soil moisture depends on ice
content, in less-snow years with deep frozen soil, the soil moisture will be higher. The combination of higher frozen soil moisture
with latent heat absorption in the phase change process may generate less surface sensible heat and consequently a weaker updraft
motion over the Plateau. As a result, both the South Asia High and the West Pacific Subtropical High will be weaker, hence causing
more summer precipitation in northern China but less in southern China. 相似文献
7.
利用华北地区85个气象站1961—2017年逐日最高气温资料，统计分析了华北地区高温日数及高温热浪（频次、持续时间、强度）的时空变化特征。结果表明：① 华北地区年高温日数整体呈增加趋势，自20世纪90年代中期之后年均高温日数明显增多；高温多出现在华北地区的南部和西部，华北地区大部分站点的高温日数呈增加趋势。② 就气候平均态而言，高温初日有略提前趋势，高温终日则明显推迟；空间上，绝大多数台站的高温终日呈推迟的趋势，其中京津冀中北部地区尤为明显。③ 累计高温热浪次数、轻度和中度热浪次数均整体增加，并在1990年左右明显由少变多，重度热浪次数增加趋势更为显著；1987年之后，平均每次高温热浪事件的高温有效积温明显增加，表明高温热浪的平均强度增大。④ 不同等级高温热浪总频次的空间分布特征相近，高频次区域均集中在内蒙古西部、山西西南部和河北南部；热浪累计频次的变化趋势在内蒙和山西以增多为主，在京津冀地区以减少为主。除山西南部和河北南部的个别站点以外，绝大多数站点的热浪平均持续天数和平均高温有效积温的变化呈增多增强趋势。总体来看，华北大部分区域自20世纪90年代以来，高温日数及热浪事件明显增强，同时存在明显的空间差异，研究结果将有助于进一步认识华北高温的区域性特征。 相似文献
8.
2012年7月下旬河套地区4次切变暴雨的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用日常预报业务中可以方便使用的常规观测资料、数值预报产品、卫星云图、加密自动站观测资料以及雷达资料等,从环流背景、流型配置、物理机制等方面对比分析了河套地区4次暴雨过程,旨在提高对暴雨的短期预报预测能力及短时强降水的临近预警能力。分析发现：（1）副热带高压西侧的偏南气流以及来自孟加拉湾的暖湿偏南气流在35°—40°N与来自高纬度的干冷的偏北气流多次交汇,水汽在该带中明显辐合,为河套地区持续性暴雨发生发展提供源源不断的水汽,提供水汽辐合上升动力条件;（2）暴雨落区与低层的显著流线出口区或急流出口区的位置、切变线的位置密切相关,暴雨一般落在高空急流的右侧、低空急流的左侧;（3）暴雨天气出现前一般会出现500 hPa以下θ随高度的增加而减少的特征;（4）暴雨天气出现前一般都会出现风随高度顺转的特征;（5）暴雨过程中地面辐合线起到动力抬升作用,触发中小尺度系统的生成和发展;（6）抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度都比较低,利于水汽凝结,而平衡高度较高,利于能量的积累,对于对流天气的预报有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
9.
Northward-shift of temperature zones in China’s eco-geographical study under future climate scenario
Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species’ ranges, eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in China with diverse climate and ecosystems. Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over China using projected future climate scenario. Projected climate data with high resolution during 1961–2080 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS. The number of days with mean daily temperature above 10℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones, which are sensitive to climate change. Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period (1961–1990). Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical, Subtropical, Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate, Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced. Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century. North borderlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change, especially in East China. Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate, Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1°, 5.3° and 6.6° latitude respectively. Moreover, northward shift would be more notably in northern China as future temperature increased. 相似文献
10.
东北气候和生态过渡区近50年来降水和温度概率分布特征变化 总被引：18，自引：11，他引：7
文章从中国160个站的观测资料中选取位于东北气候和生态过渡区内9个测站的冬、夏季降水和温度资料,分析该地区近50年来冬夏季降水和温度的年际变化及其概率分布特征,结果表明,东北气候和生态过渡区的冬夏季降水和温度有明显的年代际变化特征,在不同的年代际变化阶段,降水和温度的总体概率分布特征差异较大,这种概率分布形式的差异与高温、干旱等极端天气气候事件的频繁发生具有密切关系。20世纪80年代以来降水处于平均值减小的总体分布中,温度则处于平均值增加的总体分布中,因此该地区冬季发生暖冬和少雨(雪)的机会增大,夏季出现严重干旱和高温的可能性增大。 相似文献
11.
未来气候情景下中国生态地理区域系统温度带的北移(英文) 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species' ranges,eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in China with diverse climate and ecosystems.Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over China using projected future climate scenario.Projected climate data with high resolution during 1961-2080 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS.The number of days with mean daily temperature above 10℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones,which are sensitive to climate change.Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period(1961-1990).Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical,Subtropical,Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate,Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced.Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century.North borderlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change,especially in East China.Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate,Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1°,5.3° and 6.6° latitude respectively.Moreover,northward shift would be more notably in northern China as future temperature increased. 相似文献
12.
13.
In this paper, the characteristics of meteorological variables are statistically correlated with icing events (i.e., glaze and rime) in China, using daily observations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and weather phenomena from 700 stations in China from 1954 to 2008. The weather conditions most favorable for icing events are investigated and two statistical models are developed to discriminate potential freezing days. Low air temperature, high relative humidity, and low wind speed are shown to be important conditions for occurrence of icing events; also, the favorable daily mean air temperature is shown to have a decreasing trend from north to south in China, while the favorable relative humidity and wind speed varies little across the country. The statistical model developed with the daily mean temperature combined with precipitation, fog, and mist weather phenomena proved to be well able to determine the possible occurrence of freezing days. The accuracy of model outputs is well above 60% for northwestern Yunnan, Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southern Hunan, and southern Jiangxi, among other regions where icing events are more frequent, and the average false alarms are few. Using observations or forecast products of conventional meteorological variables, this model has high performance and is practical and applicable for early warning and monitoring of icing events. 相似文献
14.
西北东部气候异常特征及其对冬季高原感热的响应 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
利用1960—2000年西北东部100个测站,经过面积权重区域平均的降水、气温资料,对该区域气候异常进行分析。结果表明：①对异常旱涝年,亚洲西风带环流及西太平洋副热带高压的位置最为关键。异常涝年,亚洲地区经向环流占优势,东亚大槽偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏北;异常旱年,亚洲地区纬向环流占优势,东亚大槽偏西,西太平洋副热带高压偏南。②对异常冷暖年,极涡、西风带环流以及西太平洋副热带高压的状况最为关键。气温异常偏高年,北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏弱,欧亚地区盛行纬向环流,西太平洋副热带高压面积偏大,强度明显偏强,西伸脊点明显偏西,位置偏北;气温异常偏低年,北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏强,欧亚地区盛行经向环流,西太平洋副热带高压面积偏小,强度明显偏弱,西伸脊点明显偏东,位置偏南。③冬季高原感热与滞后一个季度的夏季降水、气温的相关较春季的相关更好。 相似文献
15.
变暖背景下陕西极端气候事件变化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961-2010年陕西省78个气象观测站的逐日最高温度、最低温度、平均温度以及日降水量资料,采用趋势分析方法对该地区极端气候事件的变化进行了分析。结果表明:①近50 a来陕西降水极端事件没有显著的增减变化趋势,但存在明显的阶段性。②近50 a来区域严重干燥事件在显著增加而严重湿润事件趋于减少,2000年以后严重干湿事件均偏多,区域降水有向不均衡、极端化发展的趋势。③区域年极端高（低）温事件在近50 a来呈现显著的增加（减少）趋势,其空间分布具有较好的一致性。极端温度事件的变化在各季节存在差异,冬、春季变暖的趋势比较显著。在显著变暖的20世纪90年代以后,相对于降水极端事件,温度极端事件显现地更为突出。 相似文献
16.
应用高空间分辨率的网格逐日气象数据,根据国家集中供暖有关设计规范定义了集中供暖气候指标,分析了气候变暖对中国集中供暖气候指标的影响。结果表明：近55 a来中国集中供暖初日均呈后延趋势,初日特征线年代际南北移动较小。供暖终日均呈提前趋势,终日特征线在110°E以东地区南北移动较大,2000年以来终日特征线较20世纪60年代北抬了200~300 km。供暖期长度均呈减少趋势,东北、华北地区近55 a减少了10~15 d,西北地区减少了15~20 d;东北、华北、西北地区供暖强度分别减少了12%、20%、15%。从1991~2015年冬季气温变化来看,东北地区最冷冬季与最暖冬季的温度相差可达6.2℃,对供暖强度的影响可达28.9%,华北和西北地区冬季气温最大变幅分别为3.7℃、3.3℃,对供暖强度的影响分别为26.8%和17.6%。气候变暖对中国集中供热气候指标产生了显著的影响。供热部门应该根据天气变化来安排供暖,同时还要注意气候变暖背景下极端冷事件的发生,保证集中供暖安全运行。 相似文献
17.
内蒙古5-9月小时强降水时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于1991-2013年5-9月内蒙古自治区117个气象站逐小时降水量资料,分别定义各站点小时降水量的强降水阈值,揭示强降水事件时空变化特征,同时利用经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法研究小时强降水变化特征。结果表明:第99个百分位阈值、强降水事件发生频率和1 h降水量最大值空间分布基本一致,表现为自内蒙古西部向东部递增,高值区位于阴山山脉南部和大兴安岭山脉东南部的迎风坡,低值区位于内蒙古西部。21世纪以来,内蒙古强降水事件发生频率和强度都呈现增加的趋势。内蒙古强降水事件集中出现在7月中旬到8月上旬,而且午后至傍晚时段最为活跃,内蒙古东部区域的强降水事件有夜发性特点。内蒙古强降水事件持续时间在1～5 h,其中持续时间为2 h所占比例最大,说明强降水事件是由中小尺度天气系统造成的,而且同西太平洋副热带高压关系密切。 相似文献
18.
新疆阿克苏地区50 a来强冰雹天气的气候特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分析了1961—2010年50 a来新疆阿克苏地区强冰雹天气的时间序列变化和空间分布特征,从天气预报的角度对强冰雹天气的影响系统和环流形势进行了分型研究。结果表明,阿克苏地区强冰雹天气呈增多的趋势,局地性强冰雹明显多于系统性强冰雹。强冰雹每年4—10月出现,5—7月为高发时段。将强冰雹天气的影响系统和环流形势分为4类,其中巴尔喀什湖和中亚地区的低值系统是最重要的影响系统。并得出强冰雹的地域分布特征,初步建立了强冰雹天气的探空特征物理量参数的预警指标。 相似文献
19.
北疆地区1961~2010年极端气温事件变化特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据1961~2010年北疆地区34个气象台站逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,定义高温和低温的阈值、频率及其强度,并采用线性趋势、EOF等方法对其研究分析。研究表明：① 北疆地区的高温阈值研究发现空间分布变化特征基本呈现从东南向西北规律变化趋势。时间变化趋势分析发现该地区高温阈值呈现上升趋势。其中,夏季上升幅度最小,冬季上升幅度最大。频数分析发现天山山区极端高温频数变化要高于其他地区变化频数。② 北疆地区的低温阈值研究发现空间分布变化特征基本也呈现从东南向西北规律变化趋势。频数分析发现夏季频数总体呈现下降趋势。③ 通过线性趋势和EOF分析表明北疆地区高温和低温事件强度、频数呈现增加的趋势。由于北疆属于干旱与半干旱地区,生态环境较为脆弱。极端气温趋势的增加会影响到该地区的水文、工业和农业管理。 相似文献
20.
以2017年5月4日~5日华北地区出现的一次大范围的严重的天气污染形成与消散过程为研究对象,通过搜集华北地区9个城市空气中主要污染物浓度、AQI（空气质量指数）和常规气象数据,分析AQI、主要污染物（PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO、O3）浓度变化特征和相关气象因子的关系。结果表明：本次重污染本质为区域性沙尘污染所致。污染过程呈现出形成速度快、消散急促的特点。该污染过程首要污染物为PM10,其次为PM2.5,而SO2、NO2、CO、O3等由人类活动产生的污染物浓度并未超标。后向轨迹分析和相关分析发现造成此次严重污染颗粒物主要来自蒙古高原,风是主要驱动因子。污染物在空间位置比较接近的城市间传输时,表现出趋势一致性、时间上的滞后性和污染物浓度的累积性特点。 相似文献