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1.
湘中下石炭统测水组沉积层序及幕式聚煤作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
下石炭统测水组是我国南方主要含煤地层之一，煤系及煤层在湘中地区发育最佳，该区测水组形成于碎屑滨岸障壁－泻湖沉积体系中。文中对测水组沉积层序及其所反映的海平面变化历史进行了分析，提出测水组上段底部砂岩是海侵背景下形成的障壁砂坝或障璧岛，其底部侵蚀面是海侵冲刷面（ravinement surface)。同时提出测水组下段三、五煤层的形成与受海平面变化控制的幕式聚煤作用（episodie coal accumulation)有关，后者系指海平面下降阶段横跨不同相区的区域性聚煤作用。 相似文献
2.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,(5)
This study is focused on sedimentary environments, facies distribution, and sequence stratigraphy. The facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Bahram Formation(middleelate Devonian) in southcentral Iran are based on two measured stratigraphic sections in the southern Tabas block. The Bahram Formation overlies red sandstones Padeha Formation in sections Hutk and Sardar and is overlain by Carboniferous carbonate deposits of Hutk Formation paraconformably, with a thickness of 354 and386 m respectively. Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments are present in this succession. The field observations and laboratory studies were used to identify 14 micro/petrofacies, which can be grouped into 5 depositional environments: shore, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and shallow open marine. A mixed carbonate-detrital shallow shelf is suggested for the depositional environment of the Bahram Formation which deepens to the east(Sardar section) and thins in southern locations(Hutk section). Three 3rdorder cyclic siliciclastic and carbonate sequences in the Bahram Formation and one sequence shared with the overlying joint with Hutk Formation are identified, on the basis of shallowing upward patterns in the micro/pertofacies. 相似文献
3.
M. Mastalerz A.B. Stankiewicz G. Salmon E.P. Kvale C.L. Millard 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,33(4):275-299
Roof successions above two coal seams from the Mansfield Formation (Lower Pennsylvanian) in the Indiana portion of the Illinois Basin have been studied with regard to sedimentary structures, organic petrology and organic geochemistry. The succession above the Blue Creek Member of the Mansfield Formation is typical of the lithologies covering low-sulphur coals (< 1%) in the area studied, whereas the succession above the unnamed Mansfield coal is typical of high-sulphur coals (>2.%). The transgressive-regressive packages above both seams reflect the periodic inundation of coastal mires by tidal flats and creeks as inferred from bioturbation and sedimentary structures such as tidal rhythmites and clay-draped ripple bedforms. Geochemistry and petrology of organic facies above the Blue Creek coal suggest that tidal flats formed inland in fresh-water environments. These overlying fresh water sediments prevented saline waters from invading the peat, contributing to low-sulphur content in the coal. Above the unnamed coal, trace fossils and geochemical and petrological characteristics of organic facies suggest more unrestricted seaward depositional environment. The absence of saline or typically marine biomarkers above this coal is interpreted as evidence of very short periods of marine transgression, as there was not enough time for establishment of the precursor organisms for marine biomarkers. However, sufficient time passed to raise SO42− concentration in pore waters, resulting in the formation of authigenic pyrite and sulphur incorparation into organic matter. 相似文献
4.
Antonio Herrero‐Hernndez Fernando Gmez‐Fernndez Francisco Javier Lpez‐Moro 《Geological Journal》2015,50(1):39-55
The Upper Cretaceous succession of the Leonese Area (NW Spain) comprises mixed clastic and carbonate sediments. This succession is divided into two lithostratigraphic units, the Voznuevo Member and the Boñar Formation, which represent fluvial, shoreface, intertidal, subtidal and open‐shelf sedimentary environments. Regional seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphic analysis have allowed the study of lateral and vertical changes in the sedimentary record and the definition of third‐order levels of stratigraphic cyclicity. On the basis of these data, the succession can be divided into two second‐order depositional sequences (DS‐1 and DS‐2), incorporating three system tracts in a lowstand to transgressive to highstand system tract succession (LST–TST–HST). These sequences are composed of fluvial systems at the base with palaeocurrents that flowed westward and south‐westward. The upper part of DS‐1 (Late Albian–Middle Turonian) shows evidence of intertidal to subtidal and offshore deposits. DS‐2 (Late Turonian–Campanian) comprises intertidal to subtidal, tidal flat, shallow marine and lacustrine deposits and interbedded fluvial deposits. Two regressive–transgressive cycles occurred in the area related to eustatic controls. The evolution of the basin can be explained by base‐level changes and associated shifts in depositional trends of successive retrogradational episodes. By using isobath and isopach maps, the main palaeogeographic features of DS‐1 and DS‐2 were constrained, namely coastline positions, the existence and orientation of corridors through which fluvial networks were channelled and the location of the main depocentres of the basin. Sedimentation on the Upper Cretaceous marine platform was mainly controlled by (i) oscillations of sea level and (ii) the orientation of Mesozoic faults, which induced sedimentation along depocentres. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
四川会理 会东及邻区中元古界昆阳群 ,由下而上可分为力马河组、凤山营组和天宝山组 ,与古元古界河口群为不整合接触 ,其代表年龄值为 1 70 0± 1 0 0Ma～ 1 2 0 0± 1 0 0Ma。对这套地层的沉积学研究 ,前人涉及甚少。笔者在野外考察和室内分析的基础上 ,对其沉积相和沉积环境进行了详细的研究。初步认为研究区的中元古界昆阳群可分为 7种沉积相 ,进而探讨了该区的沉积演化历史。 相似文献
6.
Benthic foraminifera are one of the most commonly used indicators to infer paleodepth. The information on depth distribution of fossil benthic foraminifera is generally obtained from normal marine environments. However, a significant gap exists with respect to implications of benthic foraminiferal distributions in unique sedimentary successions, such as those deposited under upwelling regimes. In such settings, the paleobathymetric signal is somewhat obscured by the extreme food fluxes and oxygen depletion at the seafloor that cause changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition. Nevertheless, the dynamics of upwelling systems, and as a result the sediment and organic matter accumulation, are known to be directly influenced by eustatic changes, making paleobathymetric reconstruction highly valuable for understanding these systems.The Upper Cretaceous high productivity marine succession of southern Israel, with its variable lithologies, provides a unique opportunity for addressing this issue. Through this succession, a significant turnover in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages is observed associated with a sharp change in lithology from phosphate (Phosphate Member) to organic rich carbonates (Oil Shale Member; OSM). Statistical nMDS analysis distinguished four groups of species indicative of distinct depth habitats: <200 m, 100–300 m, 300–500 m, and >500 m. Each one of these groups corresponds to different parts of the sequence. According to our analysis, the shift in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages is attributed to a distinct regional deepening from shelf environment (<200 m) in the Phosphate Member (upper Campanian) to upper bathyal (200–500 m) at the base of OSM (base Maastrichtian), and deeper to middle bathyal (>500 m) during the Maastrichtian. While taking into account other factors affecting benthic foraminiferal distribution, this study demonstrates that depth distribution models based on normal marine settings might also be applicable as proxies for paleobathymetry in high productivity environments. 相似文献
7.
The Aqra Formation represents a succession that was deposited over most of Northern Iraq and adjacent regions. In north Iraq, in the core of NW–SE trending Aqra anticline, a 438-m-thick section of the Aqra Formation crops out at Geli Zanta corge. The base of the Aqra Formation is not exposed here. The upper contact is unconformably overlain by Paleocene–Lower Eocene formations (Kolosh and Khurmala formations). A hundred and one samples were collected from the section and used for biostratigraphic and microfacies analysis. According to the occurrence of larger Foraminifera (Orbitoides media and Orbitoides apiculata) and planktonic Foraminifera (Abathomphalus mayaroensis), Late Upper Campanian–Maastrichtian age was determined for Aqra Formation. Fifteen facies were distinguishable throughout the formation, representing tidal flat (supratidal), restricted marine shelf (lagoon) and shelf margin rudist reef, and its related debris. These environments were used to interpret three depositional sequences which correlate with those of Aruma Formation (KSA), Simsima Formation (UAE) in Arabian Plate, and with Iraqi formation sequences. Three maximum flooding surfaces were recognized as MFS 175, MFS 180, and MFS 190. 相似文献
8.
Yingqiang Li Dengfa He Shuangjian Li Yujin Wo Chuanxin Li 《International Geology Review》2020,62(12):1485-1509
ABSTRACT The Ediacaran (ca. 635–541 Ma) was a critical period in Earth history, which saw a dramatic transformation in global biological, chemical and climatic conditions, making it one of the most intensively investigated time intervals worldwide. As the first mixed clastic–carbonate succession deposited on the Upper Yangtze Craton, the Ediacaran succession overlies Neoproterozoic continental rifts, and records a complex basin infill history. In this study, we focus on the tectonostratigraphic environment and basin infill process, integrating multiple data sets, including boreholes, outcrops, well correlations, seismic data, isopach maps and the spatial distribution of sedimentary facies. The Ediacaran System includes the Doushantuo Formation and overlying Dengying Formation which can be subdivided into four lithostratigraphic members (D1–D4). The Doushantuo Formation and D3 Member consist of mixed clastic–carbonate sediments, while carbonates predominate in the D1, D2 and D4 members. Intracratonic depressions and continental margin rifts dominated the Upper Yangtze area during the Ediacaran. During deposition of the Doushantuo Formation, the Upper Yangtze area contained a variety of environments, including terrigenous shorefaces, mixed tidal flats, lagoons, shelves, slopes and bathyal seas. A rimmed carbonate platform developed during deposition of the D1 and D2 members. The Deyang–Anyue Trough, which is related to post-rift subsidence in the intracratonic basin, began to develop in this interval. A relatively intense extension during deposition of the D3 Member resulted in intensification of intracratonic and continental margin rifting, creating distinct tidal flat, deep-water shelf, slope and bathyal environments. With the expansion of the Deyang–Anyue Trough during deposition of the D4 Member, the rimmed carbonate platform was divided into two segments. We suggest that the Deyang–Anyue Trough was a structurally controlled intracratonic rift-sag and likely arose from multiple episodes of rifting in the cratonic basement, as well as differential uplifting and exposure caused by the ongoing Tongwan Movement. Our model highlights the role of basement heritage on the structure and evolution of intracratonic rift-sag. 相似文献
9.
南黄海潮成辐射砂脊群的面积约为20000km2，以160° 的角度从弓京港向海展开。它与以弓京港为顶点的辐聚辐散潮流场相伴而生。60余个钻孔揭示，毗邻海区辐射砂脊体系的江苏沿岸平原上存在一个面积约3000 km2潮成砂区，其顶点位于东台，同样呈扇形以130°的角度向东展开。在潮成砂区内潮成砂质沉积单元位于冰后期海侵型砂坝-湖沉积层之上，二者之间具明显的冲刷面。砂坝-湖沉积层位于晚更新世基底硬粘土层之上，二者之间有较长的沉积间断。潮成砂沉积层上覆潮坪沉积层，二者呈渐变关系。以潮成砂层底部的侵蚀面为界，其下为海侵序列，其上为海退序列。古潮流的研究揭示，潮成砂区内同样存在辐聚辐散的古潮流场，其顶点位于东台附近。由此推断，沿海平原的潮成砂区内也是辐射状潮成砂脊体系，它形成于全新世海退时期。由于长江和黄河三角洲的前展，以东台为顶点的潮成砂脊体系逐渐暴露成陆。陆上和海域潮成辐射砂脊群形成于相同的潮汐动力环境，但处在不同的发育阶段，前者形成于全新世中期，后者发育于全新世晚期。矿物分析揭示，陆上和海区的潮成辐射砂脊体系主要由长江和黄河沉积物组成，其中长江沉积物由南向北运移，且时间较早；黄河沉积物由北向南运移，时间较迟，这种泥沙的运移趋势一直延续至今。随着海平面上升趋于减缓，长江三角洲增长，江苏海岸线向外推进，苏北潮成砂区逐渐出露成陆。1128年黄河由苏北入海，大量的黄河沉积物的加入，加快了本区海岸线的推进速度。潮成辐射砂脊体系与辐聚辐散的潮流场相伴而生，全新世最大海侵以来，辐聚辐散的潮流场的位置曾经历三次变化，第一次以长江古河口湾为顶点，第二次位于现今陆上潮成砂区，第三次位于以弓京港为顶点的现代海域，代表了潮成辐射砂脊体系发育的三个阶段。只是长江古河口湾的潮成辐射砂脊体系由于河流的巨大改造作用，可能未很好保存，至今未发现典型的辐射砂脊体系。 相似文献
10.
根据薄片和岩心资料,识别出哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统43种微相类型(MF)和10种微相组合样式(MA)。其中,MF1—MF3为灰泥灰岩,形成于外缓坡或局限低能环境;MF4—MF13为粒泥灰岩,形成于内缓坡泻湖—潮缘带、中缓坡或外缓坡环境;MF14—MF20为泥粒灰岩,形成于局限及低能的内缓坡环境;MF21—MF34为颗粒灰/云岩,多形成于内缓坡潮下带—中缓坡浅滩环境;MF35—MF37为晶粒白云岩,形成于蒸发潮坪环境;MF38—MF43为细粒碎屑岩,主要形成于内缓坡—中缓坡环境。微相组合样式主要包括中—外缓坡微相组合(MA2)、中—低能浅滩微相组合(MA1、MA8)、中缓坡混积微相组合(MA5)、中—高能浅滩—潮坪微相组合(MA6、MA7、MA9)、内缓坡泻湖—潮坪微相组合(MA3)、内缓坡碎屑潮坪微相组合(MA4)和混积潮坪微相组合(MA10)。通过亚相和微相组合分析,认为研究区早石炭世属于缓坡型台地沉积模式。杜内阶—维三段早期,相对海平面缓慢—快速上升,总体以内—中缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和中—外缓坡沉积为主;维三段中期—谢尔普霍夫阶期,相对海平面缓慢—快速下降,主要发育内缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和蒸发潮坪沉积,局部地区发育浅滩和混积潮坪沉积。 相似文献
11.
Sequence stratigraphic framework for mixed aeolian,peritidal and marine environments: Insights from the Pennsylvanian subtropical record of Western Pangaea 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sébastien Blanchard Christopher R. Fielding Tracy D. Frank James E. Barrick 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):1929-1970
Due to difficulties in correlating aeolian deposits with coeval marine facies, sequence stratigraphic interpretations for arid coastal successions are debated and lack a unifying model. The Pennsylvanian record of northern Wyoming, USA, consisting of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sequences deposited in arid, subtropical conditions, provides an ideal opportunity to study linkages between such environments. Detailed facies models and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were developed for the Ranchester Limestone Member (Amsden Formation) and Tensleep Formation by integrating data from 16 measured sections across the eastern side of the Bighorn Basin with new conodont biostratigraphic data. The basal Ranchester Limestone Member consists of dolomite interbedded with thin shale layers, interpreted to represent alternating deposition in shallow marine (fossiliferous dolomite) and supratidal (cherty dolomite) settings, interspersed with periods of exposure (pedogenically modified dolomites and shales). The upper Ranchester Limestone Member consists of purple shales, siltstones, dolomicrites and bimodally cross‐bedded sandstones in the northern part of the basin, interpreted as deposits of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate tidal flats. The Tensleep Formation is characterized by thick (3 to 15 m) aeolian sandstones interbedded with peritidal heteroliths and marine dolomites, indicating cycles of erg accumulation, preservation and flooding. Marine carbonates are unconformably overlain by peritidal deposits and/or aeolian sandstones interpreted as lowstand systems tract deposits. Marine transgression was often accompanied by the generation of sharp supersurfaces. Lags and peritidal heteroliths were deposited during early stages of transgression. Late transgressive systems tract fossiliferous carbonates overlie supersurfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are lacking, either due to non‐deposition or post‐depositional erosion. The magnitude of inferred relative sea‐level fluctuations (>19 m), estimated by comparison with analogous modern settings, is similar to estimates from coeval palaeotropical records. This study demonstrates that sequence stratigraphic terminology can be extended to coastal ergs interacting with marine environments, and offers insights into the dynamics of subtropical environments. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(3):369-393
Neogene strata of the northern part of the Pegu (Bago) Yoma Range, Central Myanmar, contain a series of shallow marine clastic sediments with stratigraphic ages ranging from the Early to Late Miocene. The studied succession (around 750 m thick) is composed of three major stratigraphic units deposited during a major regression and four major transgressive cycles in the Early to Late Miocene. The transgressive deposits consist of elongate sand-bars and broad sand-sheets that pass headward into mixed-flats of tidal environments. Marine flooding in transgressive deposits is associated with coquina beds and allochthonous coral-bearing sandy limestone bands. Major marine regressions are associated with lowstand progradation of thick estuary point-bars passing up into upper sand-flat sand bodies encased within the tidal flat sequences and lower shoreface deposits with local unconformities. The succession initially formed in a large scale incised-valley system, and was later interrupted by two major marine transgressions in the generally regressive or basinward-stepping stratigraphic sequences. Successive sandbodies were formed during a sea-level lowstand and early stage of the subsequent relative rise of sea level in a tide-dominated estuary system in the eastern part of the Central Myanmar Tertiary Basin during Early to Late Miocene times. 相似文献
13.
The Travenanzes Formation is a terrestrial to shallow‐marine, siliciclastic–carbonate succession (200 m thick) that was deposited in the eastern Southern Alps during the Late Triassic. Sedimentary environments and depositional architecture have been reconstructed in the Dolomites, along a 60 km south–north transect. Facies alternations in the field suggest interfingering between alluvial‐plain, flood‐basin and shallow‐lagoon deposits, with a transition from terrestrial to marine facies belts from south to north. The terrestrial portion of the Travenanzes Formation consists of a dryland river system, characterized by multicoloured floodplain mudstones with scattered conglomeratic fluvial channels, merging downslope into small ephemeral streams and sheet‐flood sandstones, and losing their entire discharge subaerially before the shoreline. Calcic and vertic palaeosols indicate an arid/semi‐arid climate with strong seasonality and intermittent discharge. The terrestrial/marine transition shows a coastal mudflat, the flood basin, which is usually exposed, but at times is inundated by both major river floods and sea‐water storm surges. Locally coastal sabkha deposits occur. The marine portion of the Travenanzes Formation comprises carbonate tidal‐flat and shallow‐lagoon deposits, characterized by metre‐scale shallowing‐upward peritidal cycles and subordinate intercalations of dark clays from the continent. The depositional architecture of the Travenanzes Formation suggests an overall transgressive pattern organized in three carbonate–siliciclastic cycles, corresponding to transgressive–regressive sequences with internal higher‐frequency sedimentary cycles. The metre‐scale sedimentary cyclicity of the Travenanzes Formation continues without a break in sedimentation into the overlying Dolomia Principale. The onset of the Dolomia Principale epicontinental platform is marked by the exhaustion of continental sediment supply. 相似文献
14.
Analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of large benthic foraminifera tests (Marginopora vertebralis) that lived in the Great Australian Bight during the late Pleistocene, reveal that the tests are enriched by 1 to 3‰ in both 18O and 13C relative to modern specimens from the same region. The intolerance of M. vertebralis for cool waters negates lower ocean water temperature as an explanation for such high δ18O values. The oxygen isotopic compositions are thus interpreted to reflect tests secreted in hypersaline waters of up to 56 ppt salinity, concentrated from seawater by evaporation. M. vertebralis thrives today in waters of similar salinity at Shark Bay, Western Australia. The Pleistocene sedimentary assemblage supports an interpretation that environments broadly similar to those in outer modern-day Shark Bay were wide spread across the Great Australian Bight during portions of marine isotope stages 2, 3 and 4. The high δ13C values of the Pleistocene M. vertebralis are interpreted to reflect enhanced photosynthetic activity that depletes dissolved carbonate in 12C in such shallow, saline settings. These hypersaline environments formed during periods of lower sea-level when shallow-waters (< 20 m depth) extended from the shoreline over ~ 100 km across what is currently a relatively deep shelf. This study indicates that shelf bathymetry was a critical determinant of past environments of deposition across the Great Australian Bight. 相似文献
15.
从寒武纪末至早奥陶世特马豆克期（牙形类Cordylodus intermedius 带至Serratognathus 带）,地处扬子陆块的湘鄂地区分为三个沉积区：浅水碳酸盐台地、台地东南缘碳酸盐岩、泥质岩混合沉积区和较深水细碎屑岩沉积区。前二个沉积区的层序地层分为4个正层序,在同一陆块内不同沉积区这四个三级层序相互可对比,代表了四次三级海侵、海退旋回。其中牙形类Paltodus deltifer 带中、下部是特马豆克期最大的海侵时期。特马豆克早期（Glyptoconus quadraplicatus 带）和晚期（Serratognathus带中、上部）分别发生过大的海退事件。各正层序的体系域岩相古地理格局能更客观地反映该地区特马豆克期古地理演化特征。特马豆克初期（C.lindstromi 带至C.angulatus带下部）自鄂西北至湘中地区依次为潮坪、潮间泻湖白云岩相、开阔碳酸盐台地、台地边缘浅滩、碳酸盐岩台地边缘斜坡、黑色碳质页岩盆地的古地理格局。特马豆克早期（Glyptoconus quadraplicatus 带）缓慢海退时期海水普遍变浅,自北向南依次为潮坪、潮间泻湖白云岩相、局限台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和较深水碳酸盐外陆架。特马豆克中期海进时期,生屑灰岩和页岩沉积向北超覆,扩展至青峰襄广断裂。湘鄂浅水碳酸盐沉积区为开阔碳酸盐台地,混合沉积区为较深水碳酸盐外陆架,湘中地区为深水泥质下外陆架。特马豆克晚期缓慢海退时期海水再度变浅,在湖北、湘西北开阔碳酸盐台地上,出现台内生屑浅滩、台地边缘生屑浅滩,浅滩上发育有海绵、苔藓虫礁丘。 相似文献
16.
西藏羌塘盆地中侏罗世布曲期及夏里期岩相古地理与油气远景 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在露头剖面地层学及沉积学研究的基础上,采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制了西藏羌塘盆地中侏罗世布曲期和夏里期的单因素图和岩相古地理图。布曲期以碳酸盐岩沉积为主,自北而南依次发育局限台地（潮坪、泻湖）、开阔台地（台盆、浅滩/点礁）、台缘礁/浅滩、台缘斜坡、盆地等沉积（亚）相;夏里期以陆源碎屑沉积为主,发育泻湖、潮坪、滨岸、陆棚等沉积（亚）相。布曲组台盆和泻湖相泥灰岩和泥晶灰岩是良好的烃源岩,台缘礁和浅滩相碳酸盐岩是良好的储集岩,而上覆的夏里组泻湖和潮坪相泥岩和膏盐层是良好的区域性盖层,共同构成良好的生、储、盖组合。该生储盖组合大都被上覆的上侏罗统、白垩系、第三系覆盖。因此,布曲组是盆地内最好的油气勘探目的层,沿中央隆起带两侧以及北羌塘地区的琵琶湖－半岛湖凸起一带应是油气勘探的有利区带。 相似文献
17.
M.B. Watchorn 《Precambrian Research》1980,13(1):27-42
The 3000 Ma Mozaan Group comprises three interacting sedimentary environments: (1) braided alluvial plain, (2) offshore shelf, and (3) tidalites. The predominance of planar cross-bedded sandstones in the fluvial sequence indicates that sedimentation was dominated by southerly accreting transverse bars in a distal braided river system. However, the development of lenticular conglomerates suggests the occasional formation of longitudinal gravel bars, probably during periods of high discharge. Argillaceous sediments, some of which are ferrugineous represent an interplay between clastic sedimentation and chemical precipitation on a prograding shelf. The abnormal thickness of these shelf deposits is attributed to facies stacking. The absence of barrier beach deposits suggests that the marginal environment was controlled by macrotidal conditions. Two varieties of tidal sequences are recognized. The first, which forms the classic upward-fining succession, contains ubiquitous ebb-dominated paleocurrents and is interpreted as having been influenced by tidal asymmetry. The other, which lacks the mixed flat unit, was apparently generated by tidal currents flowing parallel to the coastline. The nature of the Mozaan sediments suggests at least incipient cratonization in eastern South Africa 3000 Ma ago. 相似文献
18.
The Lower Tagus Valley in Portugal contains a well-developed valley-fill succession covering the complete Late Pleistocene and Holocene periods. As large-scale stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of the Lower Tagus Valley are not yet available, this paper describes facies, facies distribution, and sedimentary architecture of the late Quaternary valley fill. Twenty four radiocarbon ages provide a detailed chronological framework. Local factors affected the nature and architecture of the incised valley-fill succession. The valley is confined by pre-Holocene deposits and is connected with a narrow continental shelf. This configuration facilitated deep incision, which prevented large-scale marine flooding and erosion. Consequently a thick lowstand systems tract has been preserved. The unusually thick lowstand systems tract was probably formed in a previously (30,000–20,000 cal BP) incised narrow valley, when relative sea-level fall was maximal. The lowstand deposits were preserved due to subsequent rapid early Holocene relative sea-level rise and transgression, when tidal and marine environments migrated inland (transgressive systems tract). A constant sea level in the middle to late Holocene, and continuous fluvial sediment supply, caused rapid bayhead delta progradation (highstand systems tract). This study shows that the late Quaternary evolution of the Lower Tagus Valley is determined by a narrow continental shelf and deep glacial incision, rapid post-glacial relative sea-level rise, a wave-protected setting, and large fluvial sediment supply. 相似文献
19.
Sandstone tidal cross‐strata are the predominant sedimentary feature of strait‐fill stratigraphic successions. However, although widely described in numerous studies, tidal strait‐fill two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cross‐strata have rarely been reported to occur in discrete intervals which are laterally adjacent or vertically stacked, and the meaning of this stratigraphic architecture has not yet been fully investigated. Understanding of the processes responsible for changes in the internal features of modern and ancient tidal bedforms is essential in order to predict lateral and vertical heterogeneities in analogous reservoir strata. This facies‐based study aims to interpret the three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional cross‐strata transition observed in the lower Pleistocene mixed siliciclastic/bioclastic sandstone filling the Catanzaro Strait, in southern Italy, during a continuous phase of tectonically driven marine transgression. Tidal cross‐strata disappear in the uppermost interval of the studied succession, where mudstone strata prevail. This stratigraphic trend is interpreted as the evidence of an important change in the tidal strait hydrodynamics due to a phase of relative sea‐level rise. At the beginning of the transgression, three‐dimensional tidal dunes migrated throughout the ca 3 to 4 km wide and ca 30 km long, WNW–ESE‐oriented Catanzaro Strait, due to strong tidal currents amplified through the seaway and flowing in semi‐diurnal phase opposition. As the intermediate phase of transgression enlarged the seaway width, the tidal current strength decreased as tidal water exchange occurred over a larger cross‐sectional area. The progressive reduction of the bed shear stress modified three‐dimensional tidal dunes into an extensive two‐dimensional bedform field. At the end of the transgression, the further widening of the Catanzaro Strait into a ca 10 to 12 km wide marine passageway changed the tidally dominated strait into a non‐tidal open shelf. The results of this research suggest the presence of a ‘critical cross‐sectional area’ in the narrowest strait‐centre zone which controls the activation and deactivation of tidal current amplification along a marine seaway. 相似文献
20.
测水组是湘中早石炭世主要的含煤地层。该区早石炭世的海侵主要来自西南侧,物源主要来自东北方向的雪峰古隆起。测水早期沉积物有煤、泥岩、砂质泥岩及细砂岩,沉积环境为潟湖相、泥炭沼泽相、潮坪相及滨海相;晚期主要沉积了细-粗粒石英砂岩、砂质泥岩、泥岩及石灰岩,沉积环境有滨外泥质陆棚、滨外碳酸盐陆棚及滨海相。煤层主要形成于潟湖淤浅而成的泥炭沼泽环境,含煤性与煤系厚度、砂岩含量及砂泥比值等有一定相关性,富煤带只存在于一定厚度的含煤地层分布区。本区于早石炭世时期形成了西部金竹山和东部太平寺二个聚煤中心,其中西部含煤性及煤层稳定程度比东部好,是勘查找煤的重要地区。 相似文献