共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Since 1990, the Center for Mapping at Ohio State University has been developing mobile mapping systems to automate and accelerate the collection of digital map data. These systems integrate the global positioning system (GPS) with inertial navigation units and imaging sensors to produce digital geographic data. They are modular and can be installed on various platforms, such as vans, trains and aeroplanes. New developments with the imaging system and the fully integrated data-processing environment are discussed in this article. The stereovision system enables the user to obtain three dimensional co-ordinates of any object in the field of view of the camera. Digital and video images, together with GPS positions, are stored in an object-oriented database, which merges data collected by airborne and terrestrial mapping platforms. Exploiting the enormous amount of information contained in the digital stereoscopic imagery is a challenging topic of current and future research. 相似文献
2.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):246-260
AbstractThe design and development of a highly interactive web-based, GIS-enabled atlas is reported. The atlas is a prototype, designed as a model for implementation of atlases to support government cancer-control activities. This model integrates symbolisation and design principles from print cartography, interaction strategies from exploratory geovisualisation, and web-map/web-feature service advances from GIS. The atlas has been implemented using a client-server architecture. It makes use of two open-source GIS tools, PostGIS (as the system database) and GeoServer (to connect the database to the client mapping application). The client mapping application has been built in Macromedia Flash. The entire client-server architecture is described, then direct primary emphasis is focused on the client mapping application. For this component of the system, the interface design strategy is detailed, the approach taken to implement this strategy in Flash is documented, and the mechanisms developed to build dynamic links from the client to the underlying database through the server are outlined. Features of the atlas are presented through a prototypical use scenario for a target user. 相似文献
3.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):243-253
AbstractIndigenous people throughout the world developed their own mapping skills and systems of knowledge. While Westerners are prone to overlook these communities' geographical knowledge and imagine their mapping activities to be primitive or non-existent, their mental maps are often impressive in sophistication and detailed even if based on cosmologies that are quite foreign to Western thinking. This article depicts a mental map of the ocean floor shared by Polynesians of Anuta, a remote community in the Solomon Islands. It situates Anuta's reef map in relation to academic discussions of indigenous cartography and describes the process that resulted in the map's physical representation. 相似文献
4.
地图制图专家知识对地理信息符号化过程的控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对纸质地图数字化得到地理信息(空间数据)的过程中存在地图信息损失的问题,阐述了产生这种损失的原因。数字化后得到的地理信息是各种GIS应用系统的重要数据源,在GIS应用中需要把这些地理信息重新再现成地图。为了得到较好的地图显示效果,有必要将数字化后损失的地图信息在从地理数据到地图符号化的过程中进行补偿。论述了在符号化过程中如何充分利用地图制图专家的多年知识和经验,将用自然语言表达的不确定性的专家知识形式化,以此来控制整个符号化的过程,达到改善地图显示效果的目的。 相似文献
5.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):86-92
AbstractThe selection of a vertical scale in the production of block diagrams or three-dimensional views is a decision which can have a great effect on the map reader's perception of the information presented. Advice available in the cartographic literature is extremely subjective and refers mainly to physical data. In the absence of suitable guidelines for statistical mapping, an experimental technique is presented which utilises the power of automated cartography in determining a scale which can be applied to all types of three-dimensional surfaces. 相似文献
6.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):250-257
This paper reviews the recent development of web cartography based on Plewe's 2007 short paper in the U.S. National Report to the ICA, titled Web Cartography in the United States. By identifying major changes and recent research trends in web cartography, this paper provides an overview about what the web means to cartography, and suggests two major research directions for web cartography in the future: 1) the rise of user-centered design, including design of user interfaces, dynamic map content and mapping functions; 2) the release of the power of map-making to the public and amateur cartographers. I also present web cartography concepts in this paper to challenge the traditional research agenda in cartography. 相似文献
7.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):239-250
The computational complexity of algorithms is an important consideration for all computer systems, including geographic information systems and mapping systems. Mathematical cartographers and GIS professionals need to understand and to take into account the limitations imposed on problem solving by the very nature of computation itself. We look at three active research sub-areas of analytical cartography to highlight the differences between traditional mathematical solutions and solutions with computationally tractable algorithms. The three sub-areas are map projections, map feature labeling, and map generalization. 相似文献
8.
一种面向多应用的大比例地形图数据模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张雪松 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(2):144-148
提出了一种新型的面向对象的大比例地形图数据模型 ,并给出了相应的数据结构与软件实现方法。实验证明 ,该模型能很好地满足传统制图与GIS的双重需求 ,实现数据一次采集便能同时进入地图数据库与地理数据库 ,具有较好的应用价值 相似文献
9.
《坤輿万国全图》与《利玛窦中国札记》中外译本考疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金尼阁编译的《利玛窦中国札记》多种欧洲文字版本之间存在翻译差异,而300年后出版的英译本和中译本与原文存在严重错漏。600页的札记,利玛窦只用不到两页的篇幅叙述测绘《坤輿万国全图》一事,连实际比例尺的描述也不清楚。利玛窦承认没有见过其他的版本,"六幅版"地图出现在南京或北京,个别欧洲文字翻译版本不一,《坤輿万国全图》究竟是在南京还是北京完成的也有疑问。《利玛窦中国札记》用的是中国传统的测绘术语,指出地图的错误是针对西方地图而不是中国地图。《坤輿万国全图》中一半的中文地名,当时欧洲地图没有对应。1593年,利玛窦尚未制作《坤輿万国全图》,"六幅版"中文世界地图已出现在南京。因此,《坤輿万国全图》原本早已存在,《坤輿万国全图》应是郑和时代(1405—1433)大航海的成果,中国的地图学,不是西学东渐,甚至有可能是中国的世界地理与地图学流传到西方。世界地图史应该还原中国对地理大发现与地图学的贡献。 相似文献
10.
在分析以GIS数据为核心的传统地图制图基础上,针对基于GIS数据制图存在的制图效果不理想、要素冲突等问题,引入PostScript成像模型中的通用图形描述机制,实现对地图符号和制图数据的统一结构描述。设计了基于PostScript语言的高精度符号库,从地图符号结构、制图过程、地图要素冲突处理等方面阐明了利用PostScript成像模型进行地图制图的关键问题。利用PostScript语言研发的系统实践表明该方法能有效提高数字地图制图出版的效率和质量。 相似文献
11.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):155-157
In this article, we suggest that a universally accepted cartographic software program does not currently exist and has never existed, but mapping software capabilities are improving, and cartographers should be involved software developments for map making. We describe the current state of software development and explore what an ideal solution for the future would be. In a related vein, GIS and other data are not generally designed for cartography, but we are learning how they can be, and cartographers should also be involved in the modeling of GIS and other data used for map making. 相似文献
12.
以《中国土地资源调查数据集》中的专题地图制作技术为例 ,提出了基于现有 GIS与桌面出版系统功能的集成式的现代专题地图制作系统的软硬件构成和制作工艺流程 ,简要分析了该系统中有关数据接口、分析和处理等方面的特点 ,认为发展现有的 GIS系统 ,提高它的兼容性及制图出版能力 ,同时桌面出版系统借鉴 GIS技术 ,提供数据库操作功能 ,能够直接不丢失信息地读取 GIS数据将是未来的发展方向。 相似文献
13.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):221-229
Predictions of the 1960s about the computer's potential to change cartography are finally being fulfilled. Dynamic maps for vehicle navigation, interactive cartographic/statistical tools, and map animation are being investigated actively. As these new environments for mapping become available, we must reevaluate past questions about transformations from reality to data and data to map. In this paper, we consider these transformation questions in the context of statistical map animation. The issues discussed were raised in producing a “map movie” depicting the spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) over time. Jenks' data model concept is used as the basis for a typology of data models representing phenomena typically depicted by enumeration unit data. The typology is then used to evaluate symbolization decisions for AIDS incidence maps. Implications for symbol selection imposed by dynamic rather than static maps are considered, as are technical issues involved in producing the animation on a microcomputer platform. A hybrid symbolization method that we have termed the “chorodot” is suggested as a way to meet the constraints on symbolization imposed by animation and to represent the appropriate data model for AIDS incidence. 相似文献
14.
Margaret Wickens Pearce 《The Cartographic journal》2014,51(2):107-122
AbstractThis article presents the cartographic outcome of a 3-year collaboration with Penobscot Nation Cultural & Historic Preservation to map the traditional place names of Penobscot territory in the state of Maine. After a consideration of the challenges of mapping Indigenous place names, I describe my cartographic contribution to the project, to transform the map design using the tools of narrativity and translation. Initial insights about Penobscot place names then led to wider insights regarding Indigenous place names and traditional cartography, through a comparison to similar practices in the place name traditions of other communities. I then explain how these insights influenced the design of the map itself. 相似文献
15.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):199-201
AbstractThe author reflects on some of the main influences on map design which occurred during his own working lifetime in cartography. These include the post-World War II developments in graphic arts technology and the impetus these gave to what is now regarded to 'traditional' cartography; the design challenge of the photomap; theory and research in the nineteen seventies and early nineteen eighties and finally the digital transition.The use of powerful digital systems to experiment with cartographic design, and the improvements in design standards which expert systems may offer to noncartographers are regarded as important prospects in the immediate future. 相似文献
16.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):313-320
AbstractThe potential of unclassed animated choropleth maps as a solution to false patterns of geographic change arising from data classification is investigated. Old concerns about unclassed choropleth maps may be mitigated through map interactivity that offers four advantages over traditional data legends, and previous insights from testing static choropleth maps do not necessarily translate to animated cartography. Data from user testing revealed unclassed animated choropleth maps neither help nor hurt the ability of map readers to understand patterns of geographic change. However, the unclassed map (1) appeared 'less jumpy' to participants and was perceived to run at a slower pace (despite running at the same number of frames per second), and (2) subtle geographic shifts (e.g., seasonal unemployment cycles) were more readily noticed on the unclassed maps. Preliminary results also suggest classed data emphasise stability over time – while their unclassed counterparts improve our ability to see changes. This paper also outlines animated simultaneous contrast as a new perceptual issue in the creation of animated choropleth maps. 相似文献
17.
Despite advancements in geographic information system (GIS) technology, the efficient and effective utilization of GIS to solve geospatial problems is a daunting process requiring specialized knowledge and skills. Two of the most important and burdensome tasks in this process are interpretation of geospatial queries and mapping the interpreted results into geospatial data models and geoprocessing operations. With the current state of GIS, there exists a gap between the knowledge user's possess and the knowledge and skills they need to utilize GIS for solving problems. Currently, users resort to training and practice on GIS technology or involving GIS experts. Neither of these options is optimal and there is a need for a new approach that automates geoprocessing tasks using GIS technology. This paper presents an ontological engineering methodology that uses multiple ontologies and the mappings among them to automate certain tasks related to interpretation of geospatial queries and mapping the interpreted results into geospatial data models and geoprocessing operations. The presented methodology includes conceptualization of geospatial queries, knowledge representation for queries, techniques for relating elements in different ontologies, and an algorithm that uses ontologies to map queries to geoprocessing operations. 相似文献
18.
Manfred Ehlers Monika Ghler Ronald Janowsky 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2003,57(5-6):315
The advent of very high-resolution satellite programs and digital airborne cameras with ultra high resolution offers new possibilities for very accurate mapping of the environment. With these sensors of improved spatial resolution, however, the user community faces a new problem in the analysis of this type of image data. Standard classification techniques have to be augmented with appropriate analysis procedures because the required homogeneity of landuse/landcover classes can no longer be achieved by the integration effect of large pixel sizes (e.g., 20–80 m). New intelligent techniques will have to be developed that make use of multisensor approaches, geographic information system (GIS) integration and context-based interpretation schemes.The ideal goal should be that GIS ‘intelligence’ (e.g., object and analysis models) should be used to automate the classification process. In return, GIS objects can be extracted from a remote sensing image to update the GIS database. This paper presents the development of an automated procedure for biotope type mapping from ultra high-resolution airborne scanner data (HRSC-A). The hierarchical procedure incorporates a priori GIS information, a digital surface model (DSM) and multispectral image data. The results of this study will serve as a basis for a continuous environmental monitoring process in the tidally influenced region of the Elbe River, Germany. 相似文献
19.
GIS建库的目的是实现对空间数据的有效管理,满足空间分析、管理、规划和决策的需求,而地图制图关注的是地理要素的符号化表达,二者面向两种的不同需求。因此,在GIS建库的同时往往得不到符合制图规范的传统地图。本文深入分析建库数据模型和制图数据模型的特点,引入"建库与制图一体化"思想,实现从GIS数据到制图数据的信息补偿,基于SuperMap软件进行了实践,达到了"一库两用"的目的,避免了数据的重复建设。 相似文献
20.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):73-80
AbstractGeographical information is connected to everyday life in many ways. Web cartography has made geospatial data more available to the public. In the next few years, the average age of the population will be over 51 years, with more than 15% of the population over the age of 65 years. The fact that the senior population is increasing suggests that online mapping and map viewer design should be aware of the senior population’s visual restrictions, as well as restrictions of other potential map users, including colour-vision-impaired users. This paper describes the senior population’s visual restrictions that can be compared with colour-vision-impaired users and provides guidelines with regard to online mapping and map viewer design for this growing segment of the elderly population. 相似文献