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1.
Ambiguity resolution dedicated to a single global positioning system (GPS) station can improve the accuracy of precise point positioning. In this process, the estimation accuracy of the narrow-lane fractional-cycle biases (FCBs), which destroy the integer nature of undifferenced ambiguities, is crucial to the ambiguity-fixed positioning accuracy. In this study, we hence propose the improved narrow-lane FCBs derived from an ambiguity-fixed GPS network solution, rather than the original (i.e. previously proposed) FCBs derived from an ambiguity-float network solution. The improved FCBs outperform the original FCBs by ensuring that the resulting ambiguity-fixed daily positions coincide in nature with the state-of-the-art positions generated by the International GNSS Service (IGS). To verify this improvement, 1?year of GPS measurements from about 350 globally distributed stations were processed. We find that the original FCBs differ more from the improved FCBs when fewer stations are involved in the FCB estimation, especially when the number of stations is less than 20. Moreover, when comparing the ambiguity-fixed daily positions with the IGS weekly positions for 248 stations through a Helmert transformation, for the East component, we find that on 359 days of the year the daily RMS of the transformed residuals based on the improved FCBs is smaller by up to 0.8?mm than those based on the original FCBs, and the mean RMS over the year falls evidently from 2.6 to 2.2?mm. Meanwhile, when using the improved rather than the original FCBs, the RMS of the transformed residuals for the East component of 239 stations (i.e. 96.4% of all 248 stations) is clearly reduced by up to 1.6?mm, especially for stations located within a sparse GPS network. Therefore, we suggest that narrow-lane FCBs should be determined with ambiguity-fixed, rather than ambiguity-float, GPS network solutions.  相似文献   

2.
基于部分整周模糊度固定的非差GPS精密单点定位方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
潘宗鹏  柴洪洲  刘军  董冰全  刘鸣  王华润 《测绘学报》2015,44(11):1210-1218
近年来,精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定技术不断发展,模糊度正确固定后可以提高短时间的定位精度。然而固定错误的模糊度,将引起严重的定位偏差,因此对PPP模糊度固定的成功率和可靠性进行研究很有必要。本文探讨了采用非差小数偏差(FCBs)改正的PPP模糊度固定方法;同时提出了一种分步质量控制的PPP部分模糊度固定(PAR)策略。通过欧洲CORS数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明:PPP模糊度固定可以提高小时解静态PPP定位精度。同时,采用部分模糊度固定策略,能够有效控制未收敛模糊度影响,提高用户端PPP模糊度固定成功率。  相似文献   

3.
Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data   总被引：26，自引：12，他引：14  
Global positioning system (GPS) data processing algorithms typically improve positioning solution accuracy by fixing double-differenced phase bias ambiguities to integer values. These “double-difference ambiguity resolution” methods usually invoke linear combinations of GPS carrier phase bias estimates from pairs of transmitters and pairs of receivers, and traditionally require simultaneous measurements from at least two receivers. However, many GPS users point position a single local receiver, based on publicly available solutions for GPS orbits and clocks. These users cannot form double differences. We present an ambiguity resolution algorithm that improves solution accuracy for single receiver point-positioning users. The algorithm processes dual- frequency GPS data from a single receiver together with wide-lane and phase bias estimates from the global network of GPS receivers that were used to generate the orbit and clock solutions for the GPS satellites. We constrain (rather than fix) linear combinations of local phase biases to improve compatibility with global phase bias estimates. For this precise point positioning, no other receiver data are required. When tested, our algorithm significantly improved repeatability of daily estimates of ground receiver positions, most notably in the east component by approximately 30% with respect to the nominal case wherein the carrier biases are estimated as real values. In this “static” test for terrestrial receiver positions, we achieved daily repeatability of 1.9, 2.1 and 6.0 mm in the east, north and vertical (ENV) components, respectively. For kinematic solutions, ENV repeatability is 7.7, 8.4, and 11.7 mm, respectively, representing improvements of 22, 8, and 14% with respect to the nominal. Results from precise orbit determination of the twin GRACE satellites demonstrated that the inter-satellite baseline accuracy improved by a factor of three, from 6 to 2 mm up to a long-term bias. Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission precise orbit determination tests results implied radial orbit accuracy significantly below the 10 mm level. Stability of time transfer, in low-Earth orbit, improved from 40 to 7 ps. We produced these results by applying this algorithm within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL’s) GIPSY/OASIS software package and using JPL’s orbit and clock products for the GPS constellation. These products now include a record of the wide-lane and phase bias estimates from the underlying global network of GPS stations. This implies that all GIPSY–OASIS positioning users can now benefit from this capability to perform single-receiver ambiguity resolution.  相似文献   

4.
Integer ambiguity resolution at a single receiver can be achieved if the fractional-cycle biases are separated from the ambiguity estimates in precise point positioning (PPP). Despite the improved positioning accuracy by such integer resolution, the convergence to an ambiguity-fixed solution normally requires a few tens of minutes. Even worse, these convergences can repeatedly occur on the occasion of loss of tracking locks for many satellites if an open sky-view is not constantly available, consequently totally destroying the practicability of real-time PPP. In this study, in case of such re-convergences, we develop a method in which ionospheric delays are precisely predicted to significantly accelerate the integer ambiguity resolution. The effectiveness of this method consists in two aspects: first, wide-lane ambiguities can be rapidly resolved using the ionosphere-corrected wide-lane measurements, instead of the noisy Melbourne–Wübbena combination measurements; second, narrow-lane ambiguity resolution can be accelerated under the tight constraints derived from the ionosphere-corrected unambiguous wide-lane measurements. In the test at 90 static stations suffering from simulated total loss of tracking locks, 93.3 and 95.0% of re-convergences to wide-lane and narrow-lane ambiguity resolutions can be achieved within five epochs of 1-Hz measurements, respectively, even though the time latency for the predicted ionospheric delays is up to 180 s. In the test at a mobile van moving in a GPS-adverse environment where satellite number significantly decreases and cycle slips frequently occur, only when the predicted ionospheric delays are applied can the rate of ambiguity-fixed epochs be dramatically improved from 7.7 to 93.6% of all epochs. Therefore, this method can potentially relieve the unrealistic requirement of a continuous open sky-view by most PPP applications and improve the practicability of real-time PPP.  相似文献   

5.
Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

6.
张宝成  欧吉坤 《测绘学报》2011,40(6):710-716
精密单点定位（PPP）一般基于非差GPS观测值,其中相位观测所含的初始相位偏差（Initial Phase Biases, IPBs）与整周模糊度不可分离,故各类PPP估值均为模糊度浮点解。目前,借助区域或全球GPS网分离卫星IPBs,改正PPP相位观测值,可实现PPP整周模糊度解算,进而提高各类估值精度,显著缩短收敛时间。常用算法包括：分解卫星钟差（分解钟差法）和非整相位偏差（非整偏差法）估计方法。本文从GPS原始观测值入手,推导了卫星IPBs估计的满秩函数模型,以此为基础对两种算法的特点及实施进行了对比分析。研究表明：分解钟差法是一种观测信息的最优利用,且与传统的卫星钟差估计方法具有较优的一致性,但未利用卫星IPBs较为稳定的有利约束;非整偏差法对组合观测值之间的相关性未加考虑,进而是一种次优估计,其实时性实施较差,且较依赖于高精度的码观测值。文中的新模型可有效克服上述两种算法的不足,便于施加部分参数的合理时变性约束,以提高卫星IPBs估计的可靠性。  相似文献   

7.
With the development of precise point positioning (PPP), the School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) at Wuhan University is now routinely producing GPS satellite fractional cycle bias (FCB) products with open access for worldwide PPP users to conduct ambiguity-fixed PPP solution. We provide a brief theoretical background of PPP and present the strategies and models to compute the FCB products. The practical realization of the two-step (wide-lane and narrow-lane) FCB estimation scheme is described in detail. With GPS measurements taken in various situations, i.e., static, dynamic, and on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the quality of FCB estimation and the effectiveness of PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) are evaluated. The comparison with CNES FCBs indicated that our FCBs had a good consistency with the CNES ones. For wide-lane FCB, almost all the differences of the two products were within ±0.05 cycles. For narrow-lane FCB, 87.8 % of the differences were located between ±0.05 cycles, and 97.4 % of them were located between ±0.075 cycles. The experimental results showed that, compared with conventional ambiguity-float PPP, the averaged position RMS of static PPP can be improved from (3.6, 1.4, 3.6) to (2.0, 1.0, 2.7) centimeters for ambiguity-fixed PPP. The average accuracy improvement in the east, north, and up components reached 44.4, 28.6, and 25.0 %, respectively. A kinematic, ambiguity-fixed PPP test with observation of 80 min achieved a position accuracy of better than 5 cm at the one-sigma level in all three coordinate components. Compared with the results of ambiguity-float, kinematic PPP, the positioning biases of ambiguity-fixed PPP were improved by about 78.2, 20.8, and 65.1 % in east, north, and up. The RMS of LEO PPP test was improved by about 23.0, 37.0, and 43.0 % for GRACE-A and GRACE-B in radial, tangential, and normal directions when AR was applied to the same data set. These results demonstrated that the SGG FCB products can be produced with high quality for users anywhere around the world to carry out ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.  相似文献   

8.
At present, reliable ambiguity resolution in real-time GPS precise point positioning (PPP) can only be achieved after an initial observation period of a few tens of minutes. In this study, we propose a method where the incoming triple-frequency GPS signals are exploited to enable rapid convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in real-time PPP. Specifically, extra-wide-lane ambiguity resolution can be first achieved almost instantaneously with the Melbourne-Wübbena combination observable on L2 and L5. Then the resultant unambiguous extra-wide-lane carrier-phase is combined with the wide-lane carrier-phase on L1 and L2 to form an ionosphere-free observable with a wavelength of about 3.4 m. Although the noise of this observable is around 100 times the raw carrier-phase noise, its wide-lane ambiguity can still be resolved very efficiently, and the resultant ambiguity-fixed observable can assist much better than pseudorange in speeding up succeeding narrow-lane ambiguity resolution. To validate this method, we use an advanced hardware simulator to generate triple-frequency signals and a high-grade receiver to collect 1-Hz data. When the carrier-phase precisions on L1, L2 and L5 are as poor as 1.5, 6.3 and 1.5 mm, respectively, wide-lane ambiguity resolution can still reach a correctness rate of over 99 % within 20 s. As a result, the correctness rate of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution achieves 99 % within 65 s, in contrast to only 64 % within 150 s in dual-frequency PPP. In addition, we also simulate a multipath-contaminated data set and introduce new ambiguities for all satellites every 120 s. We find that when multipath effects are strong, ambiguity-fixed solutions are achieved at 78 % of all epochs in triple-frequency PPP whilst almost no ambiguities are resolved in dual-frequency PPP. Therefore, we demonstrate that triple-frequency PPP has the potential to achieve ambiguity-fixed solutions within a few minutes, or even shorter if raw carrier-phase precisions are around 1 mm. In either case, we conclude that the efficiency of ambiguity resolution in triple-frequency PPP is much higher than that in dual-frequency PPP.  相似文献   

9.
高精度、高可靠性的卫星轨道是实现低轨卫星精密应用的重要前提,而模糊度固定技术是提高卫星定轨精度的关键途径。研究了基于整数钟的星间单差模糊度固定原理和方法,并利用2019年4月—5月的两颗GRACE-FO（gravity recovery and climate experiment follow on）卫星数据（GRACE-C/D）系统评估了固定解对低轨卫星简化动力学和运动学定轨的精度提升效果。结果表明,两颗卫星简化动力学和运动学定轨的宽巷模糊度固定率均达到99%,而窄巷模糊度固定率在95%左右。对于简化动力学定轨,GRACE-C/D固定解轨道的重叠轨道的3D均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）分别从7.1 mm和7.4 mm减小到了4.2 mm和3.6 mm;卫星激光测距（satellite laser ranging, SLR）残差标准差（standard deviation, STD）分别从15.9 mm和14.4 mm降低到了10.8 mm和11.0 mm,精度提升了32%和24%;K波段测距残差RMSE从8.0 mm减小到2.9 mm,进一步表明固定解还能有效提升低轨卫星间相对位置精度。对于运动学定轨,与精密科学轨道产品互差3D RMSE,浮点解分别为37.5 mm和36.4 mm,固定解分别为27.7 mm和25.5 mm,精度提升约28%,SLR残差STD也减小了约20%。  相似文献   

10.
The main challenge of ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires 30 min or more to succeed in the first fixing of ambiguities. With the full operation of the BeiDou (BDS) satellite system in East Asia, it is worthwhile to investigate the performance of GPS + BDS PPP ambiguity resolution, especially the improvements of the initial fixing time and ambiguity-fixing rate compared to GPS-only solutions. We estimated the wide- and narrow-lane fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) for BDS with a regional network, and PPP ambiguity resolution was carried out at each station to assess the contribution of BDS. The across-satellite single-difference (ASSD) GPS + BDS combined ambiguity-fixed PPP model was used, in which the ASSD is applied within each system. We used a two-day data set from 48 stations. For kinematic PPP, the percentage of fixing within 10 min for GPS only (Model A) is 17.6 %, when adding IGSO and MEO of BDS (Model B), the percentage improves significantly to 42.8 %, whereas it is only 23.2 % if GEO is added (Model C) due to the low precision of GEO orbits. For static PPP, the fixing percentage is 32.9, 53.3 and 28.0 % for Model A, B and C, respectively. In order to overcome the limitation of the poor precision of GEO satellites, we also used a small network of 10 stations to analyze the contribution of GEO satellites to kinematic PPP. We took advantage of the fact that for stations of a small network the GEO satellites appear at almost the same direction, such that the GEO orbit error can be absorbed by its FCB estimates. The results show that the percentage of fixing improves from 39.5 to 57.7 % by adding GEO satellites.  相似文献   

11.
周锋  杨宇泽  王磊  徐天河 《测绘学报》2022,51(8):1779-1786
精密单点定位技术能够提供全球高精度定位结果,其主要技术瓶颈在于定位收敛时间长,载波相位模糊度固定技术是加快PPP收敛速度、改善定位精度的主要手段之一。模糊度固定的可靠性问题在PPP定位中尤为突出,因为模糊度浮点解质量取决于服务端产品质量、接收机噪声特性和观测环境等多种因素,所以高可靠PPP模糊度固定技术仍然充满巨大挑战。为了保障PPP定位的可靠性,本文将最优整数等变估计(best integer equivariant,BIE)引入PPP模糊度估计过程中。BIE法利用GNSS模糊度整数解加权融合以获得最优的浮点模糊度估计值,可有效降低模糊度错误固定风险,同时又利用了模糊度整数解信息来提升模糊度估值精度,从而提升PPP定位精度,缩短模糊度收敛时间。本文选取了105个全球分布的MGEX测站对BIE估计PPP模糊度的性能进行验证,试验结果表明,与模糊度固定解相比,采用BIE估计PPP模糊度能够进一步改善坐标三分量(东、北、垂向)定位性能,收敛时间分别减少了37%、28%与31%,收敛后定位精度分别提高了9%、8%和3%。此外,BIE估计PPP模糊度定位结果的毛刺和阶跃现象更少。  相似文献   

12.
冯威  黄丁发  张熙 《测绘学报》2012,41(4):0-590
根据GNSS不同频率间整周模糊度的约束关系,提出一种基于多频整周模糊度间关系约束的模糊度新算法(dual-frequency integer relationship constrained ambiguity resolution,FirCAR)。FirCAR可快速动态解算出高高度角卫星的整周模糊度,将已经固定的整周模糊度视为高精度的伪距观测值应用到下一步的浮点解重算中。结合模糊度搜索算法,如LAMBDA,在模糊度搜索方面的高效性,根据重算后的浮点解进一步解算其他未固定的模糊度解。模糊度固定成功后,即可实现OTF(on the fly)快速定位。实测数据表明,FirCAR算法在静态和动态观测条件下,模糊度初始化所用的平均观测历元数分别为1.04和1.10。与常规的模糊度搜索算法的对比试验表明,结合FirCAR算法模糊度固定所用的观测历元数分别减少了39%和18%。  相似文献   

13.
GLONASS frequency division multiple access signals render ambiguity resolution (AR) rather difficult because: (1) Different wavelengths are used by different satellites, and (2) pseudorange inter-frequency biases (IFBs) cannot be precisely modeled by means of a simple function. In this study, an AR approach based on the ionospheric-free combination with a wavelength of about 5.3 cm is assessed for GLONASS precise point positioning (PPP). This approach simplifies GLONASS AR because pseudorange IFBs do not matter, and PPP-AR can be enabled across inhomogeneous receivers. One month of GLONASS data from 165 European stations were processed for different network size and different durations of observation periods. We find that 89.9% of the fractional parts of ionospheric-free ambiguities agree well within ± 0.15 cycles for a small network (radius = 500 km), while 77.6% for a large network (radius = 2000 km). In case of the 3-hourly GLONASS-only static PPP solutions for the small network, reliable AR can be achieved where the number of fixed GLONASS ambiguities account for 97.6% within all candidate ambiguities. Meanwhile, the RMS of the east, north and up components with respect to daily solutions is improved from 1.0, 0.6, 1.2 cm to 0.4, 0.4, 1.1 cm, respectively. When GPS PPP-AR is carried out simultaneously, the positioning performance can be improved significantly such that the GLONASS ambiguity fixing rate rises from 74.4 to 95.4% in case of hourly solutions. Finally, we introduce ambiguity-fixed GLONASS orbits to re-attempt GLONASS PPP-AR in contrast to the above solutions with ambiguity-float orbits. We find that ambiguity-fixed orbits lead to clearly better agreement among ionospheric-free ambiguity fractional parts in case of the large network, that is 80.5% of fractional parts fall in ± 0.15 cycles in contrast to 74.6% for the ambiguity-float orbits. We conclude that highly efficient GLONASS ionospheric-free PPP-AR is achievable in case of a few hours of data when GPS PPP-AR is also accomplished, and ambiguity-fixed GLONASS orbits will contribute significantly to PPP-AR over wide areas.  相似文献   

14.
Kinematic precise point positioning at remote marine platforms   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  
Precise kinematic differential positioning using the global positioning system (GPS) at a marine platform usually requires a relatively short distance (e.g. <500 km) to a land-based reference station. As an alternative, precise point positioning (PPP) is normally considered free from this limiting requirement. However, due to the prerequisite of network-based satellite products, PPP at a remote marine platform may still be affected by its distance to the reference network. Hence, this paper investigates this scenario by configuring rings of reference stations with different radii centered on a to-be-positioned marine platform. Particularly, we applied ambiguity resolution at a single station to PPP by estimating uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs). We used three rings of reference stations centered on a vessel, with radii of roughly 900, 2,000 and 3,600 km, to determine satellite clocks and UPDs independently. For comparison, we also performed differential positioning based on a single reference station with baseline lengths of about 400, 1,700 and 2,800 km. We demonstrate that, despite the increasing ring-network radius to a few 1,000 km, the overall change in accuracy of the satellite clocks that are used at the vessel is smaller than 0.02 ns, and the RMS values of differences between the three sets of narrow-lane UPD estimates are around 0.05 cycles only. Moreover, the kinematic positioning accuracy of PPP is affected by the increasing ring-network radius, but can still achieve several centimeters after ambiguity resolution when the vessel is over a few 1,000 km away from the ring network, showing better performance than that of differential positioning. Therefore, we propose that ambiguity-fixed PPP can be used at remote marine platforms that support precise oceanographic and geophysical applications in open oceans.  相似文献   

15.
Realtime satellite clock corrections are usually estimated using undifferenced phase and range observations from a global network. Because a large number of ambiguity parameters must be estimated, the computation is time-consuming. Consequently, only a sparse global network of limited number of stations is processed by most IGS Realtime Analysis Centers with an update rate of 5 s. In addition, it is very desirable to build the capability to simultaneously estimate clock corrections for multi-GNSS constellations. Although the estimation can be sped up by epoch-differenced observations that eliminate ambiguities, the derived clocks can contain a satellite-specific bias that diminishes the contribution of range observations. We introduce a computationally efficient approach for realtime clock estimation. Both the epoch-differenced phase and undifferenced range observations are used together to estimate the epoch-differenced satellite clocks and the initial clock bias for each satellite and receiver. The biased clock corrections accumulated from the estimated epoch-differenced clocks are then aligned with the estimated clock biases and provided as the final clock corrections to users. The algorithm is incorporated into the EPOS-RT software developed at GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) and experimentally validated with the IGS global network. The comparison with the GFZ rapid products shows that the accuracy of the clock estimation with the new approach is comparable with that of the undifferenced approach, whereas the computation time is reduced to one-tenth. As a result, estimation of high-rate satellite clocks from a large reference network and tracking satellites of multi-GNSS constellations becomes achievable.  相似文献   

16.
The Sentinel-3 mission takes routine measurements of sea surface heights and depends crucially on accurate and precise knowledge of the spacecraft. Orbit determination with a targeted uncertainty of less than 2 cm in radial direction is supported through an onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite instrument, and a complementary laser retroreflector for satellite laser ranging. Within this study, the potential of ambiguity fixing for GPS-only precise orbit determination (POD) of the Sentinel-3 spacecraft is assessed. A refined strategy for carrier phase generation out of low-level measurements is employed to cope with half-cycle ambiguities in the tracking of the Sentinel-3 GPS receiver that have so far inhibited ambiguity-fixed POD solutions. Rather than explicitly fixing double-difference phase ambiguities with respect to a network of terrestrial reference stations, a single-receiver ambiguity resolution concept is employed that builds on dedicated GPS orbit, clock, and wide-lane bias products provided by the CNES/CLS (Centre National d’Études Spatiales/Collecte Localisation Satellites) analysis center of the International GNSS Service. Compared to float ambiguity solutions, a notably improved precision can be inferred from laser ranging residuals. These decrease from roughly 9 mm down to 5 mm standard deviation for high-grade stations on average over low and high elevations. Furthermore, the ambiguity-fixed orbits offer a substantially improved cross-track accuracy and help to identify lateral offsets in the GPS antenna or center-of-mass (CoM) location. With respect to altimetry, the improved orbit precision also benefits the global consistency of sea surface measurements. However, modeling of the absolute height continues to rely on proper dynamical models for the spacecraft motion as well as ground calibrations for the relative position of the altimeter reference point and the CoM.  相似文献   

17.
全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）参考网多用于估计卫星轨道/钟差、监测地表形变和速度场、确定精密地球自转参数等方面。相关数据处理模式包括：双差基线解（DD）和非差精密单点定位（PPP）等。本文首先从GNSS基本观测方程出发,通过选取两组基准参数,导出了上述两模式下的列满秩观测方程,然后分析了它们的不足,例如：相位偏差在DD模式中吸收了钟差,丧失了时不变特性;模糊度在PPP模式中吸收了相位偏差,失去了整数性。基于上述分析,本文提出了一种新的参考网数据处理方案,以充分融合DD和PPP模式的优势。它的关键策略是精选基准参数,以达到消秩亏的目的,具体优点体现在：相位偏差独立可估,若合理约束为时不变参数,可充分减少参数个数,提高网解精度;待估模糊度具备整周特性,经由模糊度固定,可改善网解可靠性。  相似文献   

18.
模糊度固定能够显著提高精密单点定位(PPP)的精度和收敛速度,是国内外卫星导航定位领域的研究热点．本文通过最小二乘法分离接收机端和卫星端小数周偏差(FCB),恢复非差模糊度的整数特性,将得到的卫星端FCB提供给用户,能够实现非差模糊度固定的PPP．采用全球IGS跟踪站的观测数据进行非差FCB解算,实验结果表明,宽巷FCB的稳定性较好,一周内变化小于0.1周,而窄巷FCB一天内变化较大．将获得的FCB用于模糊度固定PPP实验,E、N、U三个方向的定位精度分别为0.7 cm、0.8 cm和2.1 cm,与浮点解PPP相比,分别提高68％、51％和37％,验证了本文估计的FCB用于模糊度固定PPP的定位性能   相似文献   

19.
Jan Douša 《GPS Solutions》2010,14(3):229-239
The impact of precise GPS ephemeris errors on estimated zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) is studied for applications in meteorology. First, the status of IGS ultra-rapid orbit prediction is presented and specific problems are outlined. Second, a simplified analytical solution of the impact of ephemeris errors on estimated ZTDs is presented. Two widely used methods are studied—the precise point positioning technique (PPP) and the double-difference network approach. A simulation experiment is additionally conducted for the network approach to assess the capability of ephemeris error compensation by the ambiguities. An example of marginal requirements for ephemeris accuracy is presented, assuming the compensation by ZTD only and admitting the error of 1 cm in ZTD. The requirement for the maximum orbit error 1 cm for radial and 8 cm for tangential position components using PPP approach, versus 217 cm (radial) and 19 cm (tangential) using network solution. Furthermore, an assessment of possible compensations of ephemeris errors by other estimated parameters was considered. In radial orbit position, an error of a few meters can be still absorbed by satellite clocks (96%) and phase ambiguities (96%) even for the PPP technique. A tangential orbit position error up to 16 cm for PPP and 38 cm for network solutions should not bias ZTD by more than 1 cm, but any bigger error could, in general. The error impact on ZTD in such cases depends on the compensation ability of ambiguities and clocks (PPP).  相似文献   

20.
GPS Single-epoch Real-Time Kinematic positioning is immune to cycle slips and can be immediately re-initialized after loss-of-lock, providing high availability. This technique requires reliable ambiguity resolution: incorrect ambiguities can cause position errors of several meters, and failed ambiguity resolution reduces availability. However, a bias or inaccuracy in a single phase observation can prevent successful resolution of the whole set of ambiguities. Partial ambiguity resolution allows a subset of ambiguities to be resolved with greater probability of success than the full set. A new algorithm for resolving a subset of ambiguities with validation from previous epochs is described. If normal ambiguity resolution fails, all ambiguity subsets are generated and ordered with the best subsets first. Each subset is then resolved in turn. Fixed subsets are validated against values from previous epochs; this validation procedure greatly reduces the proportion of epochs with incorrect ambiguities. An additional algorithm is described that uses the fixed ambiguities as precise ranges to resolve the remaining unfixed ambiguities. In order to test these new algorithms, GPS data were collected from static and ship-based GPS receivers around Harwich harbor and processed from reference stations at distances up to 111 km. In the static tests the distance over which a 90% ambiguity resolution success rate for dual-frequency data was achieved was increased from 15 to 76 km. However, in some cases, the processing time was too long for this algorithm to be practical without a time-based cut-off. There is also a risk of incorrect ambiguities being propagated, particularly for single-frequency processing. In a ship-based test, the distance over which sufficient availability to support harbor navigation was achieved using single-epoch dual-frequency RTK was increased from 1 to 66 km.  相似文献   

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