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1.
A staggered-grid high-order finite-difference modeling for elastic wave field in arbitrary tilt anisotropic media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The real Earth usually presents anisotropy. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical sig- nificance for many fields as oil and gas, seismic exploration and production, earthquake prediction, detection of deep structure and so on to study on seismic wave theory, numerical simulation method and its applications in the anisotropic media (Crampin, 1981, 1984; Crampin et al, 1986; Hudson et al, 1996; Liu et al, 1997; Thomsen, 1986, 1995; TENG et al, 1992; HE and ZHANG, 1996)… 相似文献
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IntroductionDuring "8-th Five-Year Plan" in China, considerable headway was made in many researchfields of seismology. The study on crustal construction and velocity structure in the north of NorthChina (Liu, et al, 1986; Sun, et al, 1993, Sun, Liu, 1995; Zhang, et al, 1994) make ones gain newcognition about the feature of infracrustal structure, layered crustal structure and cruSt-mapleinterface. The results of tomographic imaging for three-dimensional velocity stfUcture reveal thatthere… 相似文献
3.
Zheng Rongzhang 《中国地震研究》2006,20(4):469-478
INTRODUCTIONFuzhou basin is a faulted basin developed during the mid-late Quaternary,filled with marine ,terrestrial and alternating marine-terrestrial facies sediments (Lin,1979 ;Lan,et al .,1986 ; Han,etal .,1992 ;Ding,et al .,1992 ; Wang,et al .,2000 ; Wang,et al .,2002) .Inthe basin,concealedfaults are distributed. With the support of a project entitled“Testing exploration of active fault inurban area”of the National Development and ReformCommission,two drill holes (SZK1 and S… 相似文献
4.
岩浆侵入和喷发通常会使远离岩浆通道处地震活动发生突然改变(Weaver et dl,1981;Mori et al,1996;Bjornsson et al,1977;Dvorak et al,1986),而这些岩浆通道与孔隙流体或热量的传播扩散并没有联系(Delaney,1982)。这种群发地震活动也随时间发生迁移,经常呈现出“狗骨”状分布(Bjornsson et al,1977;Dvorak et al,1986;Hill,1977;Klein et al,1977;Ukawa and Tsukahara,1996;Aoki et al,1999)。震群中最大地震所产生的余震服从大森类型(指数型)时间衰减规律(Watanabe,1989;Kisslinger and Jones,1991;Gross and Kisslinger,1994),但余震序列的持续时间相对于正常的地震活动急剧减少(Klein et al,1977;Walter and Weaver,1980)。在这里我们使用记录到的一个最活跃的震群来研究这些性质对岩浆侵入所传递应力的依赖性(Ukawa and Tsukahara,1996;K... 相似文献
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Preface to the Special Issue on Active Source Research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>The seismic waveforms may present subtle changes related to the external loadings such as earthquakes (Pei Shunping et al.,2019) and landslides (Larose E. et al.,2015). Monitoring subtle changes provides a complementary tool for studying the dynamic processes (e. g.,Niu Fenglin et al.,2008),which has long been a major subject in seismology.The subsurface can be monitored by using natural repetitive events including repeated earthquakes (e.g.,Song Xiaodong et al.,1996) and ambient seismic noises (e.g.,Mao Shujuan et al.,2019). However,only the use of repeatable active sources can achieve long-distance and 相似文献
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地球内核是轴对称各向异性的,其对称轴与地球的极轴之间有１１°左右的夹角,本 文根据地球内核相对于外部地球有差异转动这一观测结果,利用晶体生长理论,对内核地震波 速度各向异性的成因进行了探讨．当从熔融状态结晶时,晶体的生长速度与晶体和熔融态之 间相对运动的线速度成正比涸此当固态内核在液态外核中生长时,沿赤道方向的生长速度比 两极方向快．在万有引力场的作用下内核始终保持近似球形,生长速度较快的赤道附近的物 质会向两极区域流动,形成轴对称的流变场。这一轴对称的流变场伴随着轴对称的应力场,使 得构成地球内核的ｈｃｐ型铁晶体的ｃ轴沿着内核自转轴的方向排列,导致观测到的地球内核地 震波速度各向异性。作为推论,内核相对于外部地球可能同时存在着进动和章动。 相似文献
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A. Hubert-Ferrari A. Barka E. Jacques S. S. Nalbant B. Meyer R. Armijo P. Tapponnier G. C. P. King 万永革 《世界地震译丛》2001,(3)
1999年8月17日,在北安纳托利亚断层上伊斯坦布尔以东100 km的伊兹米特市附近发生了7.4级的破坏性大地震。这个1600 km长的板块边界(Barka,1992,1999)以平均为2～3cm/a的速率滑动(Reilinger,et al,1997;Hubert,1998;hrmijo,et al,1999),历史上为多次破坏性地震的发生地点(Ambraseys,1970;Ambraseys and Finkel,1991)。仅20世纪沿此断层就破裂了900 km的长度(Ambraseys,1970)。利用地震产生的应力变化的模型(King,et al,1994),结合活动断层分布图分析,预测的1999年伊兹米特地震的震中区确实是大地震发生的可能位置(Nalbant,et al,1998;stein,et al,1997)。本文展示证据说明,1999年的地震本身显著改变了先前地震断层相互作用产生的应力分布(Nalbant,et al,1998;stein,et al,1997)。我们的新应力模型考虑了此地区自1700年后发生的震级大于6的所有地震(Ambraseys,et al,1991),以及由GPS数... 相似文献
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Introduction The displacement field produced by earthquake can be measured on the Earth surface. The displacement field variation with time can be used to study lots of geodynamics parameters such as the Earth′s viscosity structure (Nur and Mavko, 1974; Sun et al, 1994; Deng et al, 1998), after-slip distribution (Shen et al, 1994; Reilinger et al, 2000), etc. Furthermore, earthquake also pro-duces lots of aftershocks, which have nearly the same focal mechanism as the main shock (e.g. Hard… 相似文献
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地球固体内核,一个半径为1220km(地球液体核的1/3)的铁合金球体,吸引着许多科学家在许多领域探索了至少10年。地球内核的一个显著特性是各向异性:地震波沿平行于地球旋转轴方向的传播比沿垂直于地球旋转轴方向的传播快。这种3％ 相似文献
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A new scheme for fast calculation of seismic traveltimes and ray paths in heterogeneous media 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
IntroductionBoth traveltimes and ray paths are vital information for seismic theoretical research and practice such as stack migration, traveltime inverse, calculation of covering time and so on (Xu, et al,1992). At present, they are obtained usually by either ray shooting (Liu, el al, 1986) or finite difference solution of the eikonal equation (Vidale, 1988; Zhang, et al, 1996). The ray shootingmethod can be understood and programmed easily. However, it is difficult for the method to treatc… 相似文献
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洋中脊轴上的热液循环影响岩石层及上覆海水的化学性质,供养着化合生物群,也是岩石层向海水传递热量的媒介(Slater et al,1980;Stein and Stein,1994;Elderfield and Schultz,1996)。通常认为这个系统中的热液流起源于洋中脊扩张轴处,并由一些离扩张轴较远的断层补给(Lowelletal,1995;Kelley et al,2002;Fisher,2003),但热液系统的结构和规模通常不能直接观察到,而是通过由地球物理条件约束的热模型和地球化学模型推断得到的(Johnson et al,1993;Dunn et al,2000;Lowell and Yao,2002)。使用发生的微震也许能通过揭示热裂缝区说明热液的流动路径,在这些裂缝区域冷水从地壳热岩石中获得热量,另外,一些由岩浆及构造应力作用造成的裂隙增大了这些区域的孔隙度和渗透性。本文指出,东太平洋海隆上得到很好研究的热液喷口场之下的震源群集于一小尺度轴向不连续面附近的垂向管状区域和轴向岩浆房正上方的带内。该浅层管状群集相对于这一段洋脊上热液喷口的分布和温度的位置表明,热液补充量集中在那里是构造破裂引起渗... 相似文献
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已观测到地震能以不同方式影响水文系统——地震时井水水位发生明显变化,溪流水量增大,泉水喷流增加(Rojstaczer and Wolf,1992;Muir-Wood and King,1993;Roeloffs,1996;Matsumoto,1992;Brod- sky et al,2003;Montgomery and Manga,2003;Manga et al,2003)。即使远处的地震也可能增大断层渗透性(Kitagawa et al,2002)。观测到的这些水文变化的大部分都 相似文献
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考虑到内地核较小(其半径为外核的1/3),许多地球发电机模型将内核完全忽略(Hollerbach et al.,1992),要不然就将其处理为不导电的绝缘体(Zhangand Busse,1990;Glatzmaier and Roberts,待出版)。在我们以前的稳态模型(Hollerbach and Jones,1993)中,曾考虑了有限导电内地核的某些效应,尤其是引起内外核之间的电磁耦合效应。本文中,我们包括了一种规定的浮力,从地球物理学的观点讲,这样更加现实,而且所得到的解与时间有关,而不再是与时间无关。在有限导电的内核中的磁场不再是瞬间地调整到外核中的场值,而是有一个它自己固有的几千年的扩散时间尺度。从而外核中较大一些、快一些的地磁涨落有效地被内核平均掉了,产生了相对稳定的外部偶极磁场。我们推测地磁场倒转的发生只能是一次特大的磁场涨落的结果,其幅度足够大,持续时间足够长,使得磁场在整个内核中也发生倒转。 相似文献
14.
Introduction The Lg phase plays a central role in nuclear test detection, discrimination, and yield estima-tion because of its stability in propagation, but the excitation mechanisms of Lg phase are not fully understood. Regional Lg is a short-period guided wave composed mainly of a sequence of multi-ply reflected post-critical S waves trapped in the crustal wave guide. Several studies carried out recently (Gupta et al, 1992; Patton and Taylor, 1995; Gupta et al, 1997; Wallace, 1991) have … 相似文献
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Introduction Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, a dormant volcano in southeastern Jilin Province, northeast- ern China, is the most completely preserved Cenozoic polygenetic compound volcano (LIU, 2000). Study shows that the volcano has erupted many times from mid-late Pleistocene to Holocene and up to modern times (LIU et al, 1992, 1995; SHANGGUAN et al, 1997; SHANGGUAN and SUN, 1996). The latest eruption in A.D. (1215±15) was regarded as one of the largest explosive volcanic erupti… 相似文献
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Introduction By the experimental techniques of acoustic emission (AE) and surface strain observation, a lot of achievements on the study of deformation and fracture process of samples with en-echelon faults has been obtained (Bomblakis, 1973; LIU, et al, 1986; DU, et al, 1989; LI, et al, 1989; ZHANG, FANG, 1989; ZHANG, LI, 1989; MA, et al, 1995a, b; LI, et al, 2000). However, there still exist many problems. For example, most of discussion on the spatio-temporal evolution of microf… 相似文献
17.
粘弹性应力转移延迟了1999年赫克托矿地震的触发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在某些情况下,由地震引起的地壳应力转移可以加快邻近断层的破裂,并引起地震序列的发生(Stein,et al,1992;King,et al,1994;Deng and Sykes,1996;Harris,et al,1995;Stein,1999)。1999年南加州赫克托矿地震(震级7.1)在1992年兰德斯地震(震级7.3)的7年后,在距其震中仅20km处发生。这表明赫克托矿地震是以某种方式被 相似文献
18.
Introduction There are various factors affecting the propagation of earthquake waves. Usually these fac- tors include the earthquake source, the path and the site effects. Simulations of the earthquake wave propagation and the strong ground motion are an adequate way to exhibit these factors (Virieux, 1986; Levander, 1988; Frankel and Vidale, 1992; Frankel, 1993; Graves, 1993, 1996a; Olsen et al, 1995; Pitarka et al, 1996; Pitarka, 1999). The most popular numerical method in use is the gri… 相似文献
19.
In the past, domestic and abroad scientific workers have done a great number of researches of experiment forthe relationship between electrical resistivity change and stress on rock (Geoelectric Testing Group, Department ofGeophysics, Peking University and Research Division, Seismological Brigade of Lanzhou, 1978; Zhang, 1981;Chen, et al, 1983, Zhao, et al, 1983, Zhang, Lu, 1983; Zhang, et al, 1985; Brace, Orange, 1968, Kurite, 1986;Teisseyre, 1989), such as simulating the dynamic cour… 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONE丑dhquMes re the result ofsuddenfauting In the ea耐h crust;It Is an expression dstructurafrllust劝ilityinthe ealth．China Is a re9on with active Intraplatefauting and Intn叩late ellhqu吐es．Many resea。hers have studied the genesis and mechanism ofealthop业es In China and neighboringegions fom the vlemplnt Of continental geology(Ma et al,1986;Ding et al,1991;Luo,1979;Zhang,1979;Zhang,1979;Wang et al,1979;Zhang et al,1994)．The。search results showthatsome certain relat… 相似文献