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1.
The unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene is one of the most important migration pathways in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin,which consists of three layers：upper coarse clastic rock,lower weathering crust and leached zone.The upper coarse clastic rock is characterized by higher density and lower SDT and gamma-ray logging parameters,while the lower weathering crust displays opposite features.The transport coefficient of the unconformity surface is controlled by its position in respect to the basal sandstone; it is higher in the ramp region but lower in the adjacent uplifted and sag areas.The content of saturated hydrocarbons increases with the decrease of the content of nonhydrocarbons and asphaltenes.The content of benzo[c] carbazole decreases as the content of benzo[a]carbazole and [alkyl carbazole]/[alkyl ＋ benzo carbazole] increases.This suggests that the unconformity surface is an efficient medium for the transportation of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
2.
东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面之下风化壳发育带的的预测是地层油藏勘探的重点与难点。综合利用高精度三维地震解释、岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测录井分析及物性分析等方法,结合构造发育史、埋藏史等研究成果,对东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面下沙三上亚段地层中特殊的地震反射特征进行研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。研究表明:T1不整合面下发育典型埋藏风化壳,包括风化粘土层和半风化淋滤带2层结构;在大气淡水风化、淋滤作用下,半风化淋滤带内部地震同相轴消失,表现为空白反射特征;半风化淋滤带物性得到改善,与未风化岩石之间形成一个物性差异界面,表现为不连续的角度不整合面;未受明显风化、淋滤作用的地层,则表现为典型的角度不整合;地震反射特征的演化过程可划分4个阶段:沙三上沉积后阶段、沙三上抬升后阶段、风化壳形成早期阶段、风化壳形成阶段。地震空白反射带的发育范围是风化壳发育带的保守范围或最小范围,向湖盆方向逐渐过渡为正常地层。风化壳的发育大大改善了原岩的储集性能,可作为良好的油气储集空间和运移通道,是下步地层油气藏勘探的重点目标。 相似文献
3.
三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系主要发育两套烃源岩,分别为哈尔加乌组上段和哈尔加乌组下段,油气藏形成的源控作用十分明显。通过烃源岩和原油地球化学的分析以及油源对比,发现不同类型原油的形成与分布严格受控于对应源岩的分布范围。分析表明,马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩系油气成藏的主控因素是优质烃源岩、强充注油源断裂和有利火山岩相带的合理配置。根据烃源岩与储层的配置关系,石炭系油气藏的形成可以概括为两种模式:一种为风化壳型成藏模式,油气聚集在石炭系火山岩顶部受风化淋漓作用改造的优质储层中,其中的油气来自下部烃源岩,运移通道为与烃源岩相沟通的油源断裂;另一种模式为内幕型成藏模式,储层为流体溶蚀改造的储层,其中聚集的油气来自邻近火山喷发间歇期沉积的炭质泥岩。 相似文献
4.
The ancient weathered crust studied occurs on the razed surfaces of various physiographic periods at different altitudes in
the Sichuan red basin. A typical profile of the ancient weathered crust can be divided into three weathered belts from the
surface to the basement: the clastic clay belt (Belt I), the clastic breccia-clastic clay belt (Belt II), and the clastic
breccia belt (Belt III). These belts are different in clay mineral composition, reflecting varying degrees of chemical weathering.
Wide variations are recognized in the abundance of chemical elements in the profile of th ancient weathered crust. In comparison
with the underlying purple parent rocks, Fe2O3 > A12O3 > TiO2 > SiO2 are relatively concentrated in the ancient weathered crust, while CaO>P2O5>MnO>Na2O>MgO>K2O are relatively depleted due to leaching in order of Belt I > II > III.
The extent of chemical weathering in the ancient weathered crust in the Sichuan red basin is closely related to the time of
formation of the razed surface. For this reason, the contents of A12O3 and Fe2O3 or their concentration values, and the leaching amounts of CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, and P2O5 are higher in the ancient weathered crust at high altitudes than those at low altitudes. 相似文献
5.
风化壳储集层成因及其差异性特征分析是当今储层地质学研究热点。渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷富林洼陷中生界油气勘探遇到瓶颈,目前探井仅钻揭白垩系顶部风化壳,且风化壳储集层岩性复杂、非均质性极强,明确风化壳储集层成岩改造、储集空间类型和组合关系,对本区乃至济阳坳陷中生界潜山油气勘探至关重要。通过岩心和薄片观察,结合录井、测井等资料,对富林洼陷白垩系西洼组复杂岩性风化壳储集层开展研究。结果表明: 风化壳岩性主要为安山岩和凝灰岩,其次为脉岩、隐爆角砾岩和砂砾岩。由于不同构造单元在复杂埋藏过程中经历了“洼—隆—隆”或“洼—隆—洼”的演化过程,不同岩性储集层的成岩序列和孔隙演化差异明显。火成岩和碎屑岩原生孔隙类型和成因明显不同,但现今储集空间均以次生孔隙特别是溶蚀孔为主,被溶蚀物质包括斑晶、基质以及火山岩屑等。溶蚀作用的主导流体多变,继抬升暴露过程中富含CO2的大气淡水之后,有机质成熟时排出的有机酸对储集层改善有积极作用。有利风化壳储集层的形成受到岩性、埋藏演化过程和成岩流体的共同控制。整体上,富林洼陷白垩系西洼组储集层质量由好到次的顺序为: 凝灰质砂砾岩,火山角砾岩,含残余气孔安山岩,凝灰岩,次火山岩;不同岩性风化壳储集层在复杂埋藏过程中,经历了不同的成岩改造。 相似文献
6.
三塘湖盆地属西部典型的改造型叠合盆地,火山岩油气藏主要分布于石炭系、二叠系火山岩中。本文结合盆地构造演化史与生烃史,分析了三塘湖盆地石炭-二叠纪火山岩油气藏形成的动态过程。火山岩油气藏主要形成于二叠纪末-三叠纪海西印支期和侏罗纪末-白垩纪末期的燕山期,油气藏的形成及后期调整与构造运动密切相关。火山岩油气藏具多期运聚、多期成藏和多期调整改造成藏特征,其成藏模式为以火山岩风化壳为储集层、下覆湖相泥岩为烃源岩,油气在构造背景下,沿不整合面聚集成藏,形成下生上储地层型油藏组合模式。本文结合构造演化史分析三塘湖盆地火山岩油气成藏过程,对西部沉积盆地下组合火山岩油气藏的勘探具有良好借鉴与指导意义。 相似文献
7.
Diagenetic of the Mesozoic complex weathering crust reservoir rock in Fulin subsag,Jiyang Depression 
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下载免费PDF全文 The formation of weathering crust reservoirs and the analysis of their differences have become the current research focus of reservoir geology. The Mesozoic oil and gas exploration in the Fulin subsag of Zhanhua sag in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin has encountered its bottleneck. Only the weathering crust at top of the Cretaceous is currently penetrated by exploration wells and the weathering crust reservoir is characterized by complex lithology and high heterogeneity. In order to enhance exploration in the Mesozoic buried hill reservoir in the study area and even the Jiyang Depression,it's of great importance to figure out diagenetic evolution,reservoir space types and their combination relationships. The complex lithology of weathering crust reservoir rock of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag was studied by core and thin section observation combining with well logging data. The results show that the key lithologies of weathering crust include andesite and tuff,followed by dyke,cryptoexplosive breccia and glutenite. During the complex burial process,different tectonic units underwent the evolution of 'sag-uplift-uplift' or 'sag-uplift-sag',resulting in significant differences for diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of different reservoir rocks. The primary pore types and their genesis of igneous and clastic rocks are obviously different,but the present reservoir space is dominated by secondary pores,especially dissolution pores. The dissolved material includes porphyry,matrix and volcanic debris. The dominant fluid for dissolution is variable. In addition to the atmospheric fresh water rich in CO2 during the uplifting and exposure,the organic acid discharged during the maturation of organic matter has a positive effect on improving reservoir quality. The formation of favorable weathering crust reservoir rock is controlled by lithology,burial evolution and diagenetic fluid. On the whole,the reservoir quality order of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag is as follow: Volcaniclastic rock,vesicular andesite,tuff,subvolcanic rock. Different weathering crust reservoir rocks in the study area underwent different diagenetic modification during the complex burial process. 相似文献
8.
塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气聚集带 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
海相碳酸盐岩储层多类型及非均质性强的特点,决定了其油气聚集带与以往陆相盆地碎屑岩油气聚集带的控制因素有显著差异,碳酸盐岩的油气聚集并不是简单地受二级构造带的控制。通过分析塔里木盆地已发现碳酸盐岩油气藏,其储层发育受大气淡水风化淋滤作用、沉积作用及各种成岩作用、深部流体改造作用等因素的控制。据储层成因类型及其横向分布特征,将塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气聚集带划分为:不整合与古风化壳型、生物建造礁-滩型、白云岩内幕型及深部流体改造型。不同类型的碳酸盐岩油气聚集带主要分布于塔北隆起、塔中隆起及巴楚断隆等古隆起的不同部位。由于不同碳酸盐岩油气聚集带上储集层成因机制不同,导致其储集空间、储集性能、油气藏类型及分布等均有所不同。 相似文献
9.
准噶尔盆地火山岩油气勘探取得重大进展。笔者经综合研究,提出影响该区天然气藏形成的石油地质主要特征是：前陆坳陷控制了烃源岩区域展布,后碰撞火山岩是主要的储层,古生代晚期的构造优化了储层物性并形成圈闭。松喀尔苏组为前陆坳陷磨拉石建造的近端粗碎屑岩沉积,是克拉美丽造山事件后快速沉积产物,作为主要烃源岩的下石炭统滴水泉组,是与松喀尔苏组同期前陆坳陷不同位置的沉积层系,滴水泉组是前陆坳陷中央的细粒沉积层系。后碰撞火山岩覆盖在前陆坳陷沉积层系之上,分布广泛,分布范围不受古生代造山带和现今构造单元控制。二叠纪发育断陷构造,形成凹隆相间的构造格局,在构造高部位的隆起区石炭系火山岩风化壳和构造裂缝,优化改善了火山岩储层的储集性能,形成有利油气运移通道和储集空间。克拉美丽山南缘的前陆坳陷中央为有利烃源岩分布区,该范围内的构造高部位的火山岩发育区,将是准噶尔盆地东部下一步火山岩油气藏勘探的有利区域。 相似文献
10.
岩石地层单位建立的正确与否,关乎区域地层序列、建造对比、盆地分析与构造演化等,是地质学最基础最重要的研究内容之一.新近1: 5万区域地质调查证实,西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山地区的“佳木河组”,并非前人所述火山岩呈夹层状与陆相碎屑岩互层,实由下部陆相粗碎屑岩和上部火山岩构成,二者间为区域性角度不整合接触关系,相互独立且新老关系层序清楚,岩石组合差异性显著.上部火山岩构成较完整的火山机构,火山通道相集块岩、次火山岩及岩株、岩脉与陆相粗碎屑岩为侵入接触,火山喷发相中基性熔岩、凝灰岩与陆相粗碎屑岩呈角度不整合关系.下部陆相砾岩-含砾粗砂岩组合具有典型磨拉石建造特征,产早二叠世Paracalamites stenocostatus,Lepidodendrales等植物化石及孢粉Protohaploxypinus,Striatoabietites.依据中国地层指南、岩石地层单位清理相关规范,以及组的命名优先权原则,现将具有独立火山机构的全部陆相火山岩从原“佳木河组”剔出(新建为白杨河组),将新建白杨河组之下伏的陆相砾岩-含砾粗砂岩组合重新清理厘定谓之佳木河组.这一成果,为正确建立本区地层格架,合理进行区域地层划分与对比等研究提供了重要佐证. 相似文献
11.
Heather Clegg Brian Horsfield Heinz Wilkes Jaap Sinninghe Damst Martin P. Koopmans 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,29(8):1953-1960
Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Jordan), a carbonate- and organic-rich (TOC 19.6%) source rock, using a temperature range of 200 to 360°C (72 h). The original sediment contains only low amounts of carbazoles, (maximum 2.2 μg/g bitumen for 1-methylcarbazole). With increasing thermal maturation, intense generation begins at temperatures only in excess of 300°C, reaching a maximum at 360°C. Likewise, during natural maturation, generation occurs at later stages of maturity (e.g. for Tithonian source rocks at >0.81% Rr and for Posidonia Shale at >0.88% Rr). Some isomeric changes during hydrous pyrolysis do not resemble those in nature whereas others do. The relative abundances of selected C1- and C2-alkylcarbazoles on ternary diagrams reveal differences, whereas the benzo[a]carbazole/benzo[a]carbazole+benzo[c]carbazole ratio is closely similar. The latter result supports the contention that maturation plays a key role in controlling carbazole distributions in source rocks. However, the results for alkylcarbazoles, especially the C2-carbazoles, are not easy to interpret. 相似文献
12.
High hydrogen pressure pyrolysis (hydropyrolysis) was performed on samples of solvent extracted Kimmeridge Clay Formation
source rock with a maturity equivalent to ca. 0.35% vitrinite reflectance. We describe the types and distributions of organic nitrogen compounds in the pyrolysis products
(hydropyrolysates) using GC-MS. Compounds identified included alkyl-substituted indoles, carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, quinolines
and benzoquinolines. The distributions of the isomers of methylcarbazoles, C2-alkylcarbazoles and benzocarbazoles in the hydropyrolysates were compared to a typical North Sea oil. The hydropyrolysates
compared to the North Sea oil, showed increased contributions from alkylcarbazole isomers where the nitrogen group is "exposed"
(no alkyl substituents adjacent to the nitrogen functionality) and appreciable levels of benzo[b]carbazole relative to benzo[a]- and benzo[c]carbazoles. Hydropyrolysis is found to be an ideal technique for liberating appreciable quantities of heterocyclic organic
nitrogen compounds from geomacromolecules. The products released from the immature Kimmeridge Clay are thought to represent
a potential source of nitrogen compounds in the bound phase (kerogen) able to contribute to the free bitumen phase during
catagenesis. 相似文献
13.
首次报道了扬子板块北缘镇巴地区中-晚三叠世界线黏土岩锂的超常富集,黏土岩产于关岭组(T2g)/须家河组(T3x)平行不整合界面,为古风化壳沉积物,Li2O品位0.08%～0.11%,最高达0.22%,超过了该类型矿产的边界品位(0.06%),界线黏土岩的岩石学特征、矿物组成及岩石成因亟待查明。本文通过XRD分析、TIMA分析以及详细的地球化学研究,查明了界线黏土岩的矿物组成,探讨了黏土岩形成的沉积环境及物质来源,提出了不整合面黏土岩类关键金属矿产的综合找矿方向。研究表明,镇巴地区T2/T3界线黏土岩主要由石英、伊利石、高岭石组成,并含有极少量绿泥石、蒙脱石和铝绿泥石。主量元素(SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、TiO2)特征表明界线黏土岩属于铝土质泥岩,黏土岩CIA值(化学蚀变指数)为85～93,ICV值(成分变异指数)为0... 相似文献
14.
新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系古潜山型油气藏成藏条件 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
塔中古隆起的早海西期风化壳岩溶发育,是塔里木盆地寻找古生代海相碳酸盐岩岩溶型油气田的重要隆起区之一。本文研究了风化壳型岩溶的发育特征和控制因素,在烃源、生储盖和成藏条件分析基础上预测了奥陶系风化壳岩溶发育的有利区带,认为奥陶系岩溶储层与其上覆的石炭系泥岩可构成良好的储盖组合,油源断裂、不整合面、输导层与汇烃脊构成了复杂油气输导网络。本区潜山型油气藏成藏过程复杂、期次多,但喜山期构造调整是最终成藏的关键,中央断隆带和塔中隆起南斜坡是两个有利的勘探区带。 相似文献
15.
渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷为第三纪形成的箕状凹陷,是黄骅坳陷的二级构造单元之一.对南堡凹陷外围地区古生界油气成藏进行了分析研究,表明外围地区古生界碳酸盐岩不具备油气生成能力,油源来自于南堡凹陷下第三系,通过断层和不整合面进行长距离运移,并在构造高点进行富集,形成新生古储型油气藏.碳酸盐岩基质孔隙度差,原生孔隙基本不具备油气储集性能,晚期未充填构造裂缝乃油气运移与聚集的主要场所;岩溶发育垂向分带不明显,溶蚀孔洞孤立且连通性差.发育有不整合油藏以及构造块状油藏两种油气藏类型. 相似文献
16.
本文从冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合接触类型及分布规律、结构特征及输导类型出发,精细刻画了不整合面之下半风化岩石层的垂向岩溶分带特征。在此基础上对典型剖面烃源岩热演化、油气运移进行模拟,建立了研究区潜山油气的运聚模式。结果表明,束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合包括4种接触类型、5种结构模式,具有3种输导类型,其中斜坡区和洼槽区西部以侧向型为主,斜坡区局部构造高点与洼中隆为侧向+圈闭型,凸起区以侧向+垂向型为主。不整合面之下半风化岩石孔缝洞体系发育,垂向上可划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流带以及三个水平潜流带,具有多期岩溶旋回特征。潜山顶部发育的垂直渗流带是油气沿不整合面运移的主力输导层,而内幕发育的多期水平潜流带是油气向内幕运移的潜在通道。深、浅部烃源岩热演化的差异以及与薄层砾岩是否接触导致了斜坡区与洼中隆潜山油气充注的差异,形成了斜坡区晚期薄层砾岩高效中转、不整合侧向运移、水平潜流带向内幕输导、顺向断层向上输导、反向断层圈闭成藏的油气运聚模式。 相似文献
17.
鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区奥陶系风化壳古地貌恢复 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延安地区奥陶系马家沟组顶部发育风化壳岩溶储层,因古地貌代表了地层沉积和成岩作用的背景,因而在储层的形成和演化过程中具有重要意义。在区域构造背景和地层展布的基础上,综合利用残余厚度法和印模法,并结合铝土岩厚度分布和古沟槽识别结果,准确恢复出延安地区奥陶系风化壳古地貌分布格局。结果显示,延安地区西南部表现为古岩溶高地,中部大部分地区表现为古岩溶斜坡,东部属岩溶斜坡与岩溶盆地之间的过渡带。古地貌格局和古沟槽的分布影响了储层的形成、发育和天然气的富集。延安地区岩溶古高地、靠近侵蚀古沟槽的斜坡位置含气性较好,可能与大气水淋滤等因素导致的储层发育程度、物性好坏、不整合面之上盖层的封盖性等因素有关。 相似文献
18.
Small diameter core samples were taken from outcrops of the Permian Phosphoria Formation and the Cretaceous Pierre Shale of the Western United States to determine the effects of weathering on organic matter in shale outcrops. While the Pierre Shale core showed no evidence of weathering, the Phosphoria Formation showed significant reduction of overall organic content and pronounced changes in organic composition over the near-surface interval of the core. Total organic carbon is lower by as much as 60% over the upper 2 ft of the core. Chloroform-soluble organic matter and total hydrocarbon (C15+) concentrations are 50% lower over this same interval. The ratio of saturated to aromatic hydrocarbons decreases steadily with core depth over the upper 2.6 ft of the core. Aromatic hydrocarbons are enriched in the stable carbon-13 isotope by an average of 1.7%. over this same interval. Shallow core samples also show a loss of n-paraffins relative to branched/cyclic compounds in the saturated C15+ fraction.Although the extent of weathering is variable, certain characteristic effects are recognizable and can be applied to the interpretation of outcrop data in organic geochemical studies. 相似文献
19.
The paper systematically analyzes the hydrocarbon migration characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous in the Erlian Basin, based on the geochemical data of mudstone and sandstone in the main hydrocarbon-generating sags. (1) The source rocks in K1ba and K1bt1 are estimated to be the mature ones, their hydrocarbon expulsion ratio can reach 32%-72%. The Type-I sags in oil windows possess good hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions, where commercial reservoirs can be formed. (2) According to the curves of the mudstone compaction and evolution of clay minerals, the rapid compaction stage of mudstones is the right time of hydrocarbon expulsion, i.e., primary migration. (3) The timing between hydrocarbon generation and expulsion is mainly related to the accordance of the oil window and the rapid compaction stage of mudstones in the hydrocarbon generation sags of Type-I. That forms the most matching relation between hydrocarbon generation and migration. (4) The faults and unconformities are the important paths for the secondary hydrocarbon migration. Especially, the unconformity between K1ba and K1bt1 has a favorable condition for oil accumulation, where the traps of all types are the main exploration targets. (5) Hydrocarbon migration effect, in the Uliastai sag, is most significant; that in the Saihan Tal and Anan sags comes next, and that in the Bayandanan and Jargalangt sags is worst. 相似文献
20.
物源分析方法的综合运用
——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷泰一段地层为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前高邮凹陷深层勘探以寻找岩性油气藏为主,准确预测岩性体储层是寻找油气藏的关键,而对岩性体做出准确的预测,需要对沉积时期的物源做出准确的判断。利用重矿物法、碎屑岩类分析法、沉积法对高邮凹陷的物源进行了分析。重矿物的相关性分析及R型聚类分析表明本区存在南北两大物源;碎屑岩类分析法表明本区物源来自再旋回造山带,砾岩和岩屑的分析表明本区也存在南北两大物源;沉积法表明本区除了南北两大物源外,还存在一个来自盆地西部菱塘低凸起的次级物源。结果表明：高邮凹陷泰一段沉积时期,存在3个方向的物源,分别来自凹陷南部的通扬隆起、北部的建湖隆起、西部的菱塘低凸起,物源对凹陷的贡献的大小也如上隆起顺序依次递减。 相似文献