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Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention. 相似文献
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两江新区作为中国第一个内陆开放区,在短时间内经历了高强度开发,其社会经济空间结构演变对于国家新区的发展和规划具有重要意义。两江新区的城市建设用地扩张基本分布在中心城区外围,部分沿交通线向外扩张,并可通过元胞自动机模型对未来建设用地演变趋势进行模拟。本研究基于两江新区的人口数据、建设用地空间分布、道路数据等基本要素分析区域空间结构演变过程,定性与定量相结合研究两江新区空间结构演变的特征与机制并进行多模型模拟。研究结果表明：① 从人口、用地、交通等基本要素的时空变化可以看出,两江新区自2010年6月成立至2015年,区域城镇中心体系和空间结构都发生了明显的变化;② 政策环境、基础设施、要素成本和集聚效应是企业入驻两江新区的4个主要驱动因素;③ 两江新区建设用地扩张空间累积阻力值呈同心圆和轴带发展形态,建设用地空间演变基本向空间累积阻力值低的方向和地区扩张;④ 元胞自动机模型模拟的结果精度在80%以上,能够展示过去5年两江新区空间结构的演变过程和未来该区域空间结构的状况。本研究的结果能够为内陆开放区的优化建设提供科学参考,有助于提高重庆市两江新区开发建设的效益。 相似文献
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基于多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的西北农牧交错带土地利用优化配置 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西北农牧交错带生态环境脆弱,区位特殊性和生态重要性使其在我国社会经济发展和生态环境保护方面具有重要战略意义。通过对该区域进行土地利用优化配置,使有限的土地资源支撑起生态环境保护和经济发展的重任是本文的出发点。多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的应用可以从多方面（数量结构、空间布局、综合效益）完善土地利用优化配置,为土地利用优化配置提供更多的选择方案。本文选用多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型对该区域进行2025年的土地利用变化模拟,通过设置自然发展、生态保护优先、经济发展优先、生态-经济均衡4种情景,探讨了如何在兼顾生态环境保护与社会经济发展的情况下进行土地利用的优化配置。结果表明,基于生态-经济均衡情景下的优化方案,土地利用类型的数量结构和空间布局更为合理,其综合效益优于另外3种情景。该情景在合理限制经济发展速度的前提下,使生态建设获得稳定发展,其经济效益较生态保护优先情景下增长了8.96%,生态效益较经济发展优先情景下增长了0.77%,在生态保护与经济发展2种目标之间达到平衡,为西北农牧交错带的土地利用规划提供了决策辅助。 相似文献
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青藏高原城乡建设用地和生态用地转移时空格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原作为中国重要的生态环境保护地,城镇化和生态环境的变化受到广泛关注。本文基于1990-2015年土地利用数据,进行生态用地和城乡建设用地之间的转移分析,通过核密度以及标准差椭圆分析进行空间转移强度的定性研究。结果表明：① 1990-2015年青藏高原生态用地显著地向城乡建设用地转移,是城乡建设用地向生态用地转移量的54.6倍,其中2000-2005年和2010-2015年是用地转移的热点时期;② 城乡建设用地与生态用地之间的转换在空间上呈现逆向状态,生态用地向城乡建设用地的转移分布逐渐从青藏高原的周边区域向腹地蔓延;城乡建设用地向生态用地的转移最初出现在青藏高原的腹地,逐渐向外围扩张;③ 生态服务功能越大的生态用地,越容易被人类占用,随之发生用地类型的转移,侵占后的土地很难反向转移为具有高生态服务功能的生态用地。 相似文献
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中越北部湾红树林差异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红树林是一种能够同时适应海洋和陆地的一种特殊植物种类,分布在约30°S~30°SN之间的热带、亚热带海岸和河口交界的潮间带上。红树林的分布除了受自然条件和气候的制约,还受一定程度的人为活动的干扰。本文选取了地貌、气候相似和经济发展不同的中国广西段和越南北部段的2个相邻海岸作为研究区,基于Landsat TM遥感影像,采用监督分类和人工解译的方法,获取了研究区1988、2000和2015年3个时期的红树林分布数据,并对比分析了2个岸段红树林时空转化、景观格局变化及驱动力的差异。研究表明：① 1988-2015年,中国广西段红树林面积呈增长趋势,2000年比1988年增长18%、2015年比2000年增长了75%;越南北部段先减少后增加,2000年红树林面积比1988年减少了20%,2015年比2000年增加了50%;② 红树林景观格局方面,中国广西段红树林平均斑块面积相对较小、破碎程度高,斑块形状较规则,趋近于正方形,受人为因素干扰程度较大,而越南北部段红树林斑块面积大、破碎化程度低,斑块呈带状或条状分布,受人为因素干扰的程度较小。 ③ 主要人为驱动因素方面,影响中国广西段红树林变化的主要人为驱动因素是变化的,1988-2000年以围垦建造养殖池为主,2000-2015年则以城镇用地和工矿建设为主,而越南北部段在1988-2015年一直以围垦养殖池为主。 相似文献
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LILei ZHANGPing-yu HOUWei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):131-136
1IN TR O D U CTIO N Land isthemost essentiaplhysicalresource asnd mate- rialbasisforpeople'slif e(LIU,1996).Land use/cover change(LUCC ) isa key aspectofglobalenvironment change, andindicatetsheinfluencoefhuman activiti on physicaelnvironment.As we allkno… 相似文献
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新型城镇化的人地耦合异速增长分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新型城镇化背景下的城市人口规模与用地面积变化具有复杂性,研究两种要素城镇化水平的相对增长关系,有助于探索人地耦合发展的协同态势及变化动因。本文选取广州市2000—2015年的Landsat时序影像与2000、2010和2015年的人口普查与年鉴数据,在街道（乡镇）尺度上计算人口土地城镇化耦合指数识别4种耦合类型,并在此基础上提出年均增长率异速关系拟合方法。研究结果表明：① 2000—2015年广州市街道（乡镇）人口和土地城镇化呈现明显的圈层结构（核心、内、外圈层）特征,4种人地耦合类型的异速增长分别呈现正异速、负异速、负幂律3种形式,证明人地耦合分类的异速增长建模方法有助于分析人地城镇化的动态演化过程;② 基于人地耦合指数的异速标度分析表明,核心圈层—内圈层—外圈层结构上分别形成了高度集约—集约—相对粗放式扩张的发展格局,结合城市更新改造的空间分析,说明这一特色新型城镇化模式在广州具有一定成效,已初步形成了核心圈层与内圈层协同发展的态势,但需要注意防控外圈层的粗放型增长。研究结果可为新型城镇化理论内涵的认知探索和广州市案例的实证研究提供支持。 相似文献
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近几十年,内蒙古地区实施了诸多生态修复与保育工程。为了评估这些工程的实施成效,本文以土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)为切入点,借助价值存量、价值增量、价值空间强度等参量,在全区和盟市尺度上,估算并分析了内蒙古地区陆地生态系统服务功能价值变化的时空特征及驱动因素。研究结果表明：(1)2000年以来,全区价值存量小幅度增加了0.24%,但价值增量的减少速度加快了32.9%,且中东部的变化大于西部;(2)在经济发展和人口增长的双重压力下,中东部平原耕作区、森林保育区深受国家宏观政策的影响,2000年后生态系统服务功能价值存量分别增加了4.52%、4.23%,价值增量分别增加了5.91亿元、8.88亿元;中西部山区草原荒漠化治理区受制于降水不显著的波动减少态势,2000年后生态系统服务功能价值存量增加了3.51%,但价值增量减少了4.22亿元;(3)2000年以来,中东部地区人类活动正向胁迫的影响力,由前期的45.8%增强到后期的76%,但中西部地区仍然面临着艰巨的生态治理压力。研究结果为科学合理划分生态功能区、规划实施生态修复与保育工程、建立生态补偿机制提供了参照。 相似文献
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武汉城市圈是全国首批“两型社会”改革试验区之一,而且是中部崛起战略和长江经济带发展战略的重点区域。为了正确认识武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化特征,以及政策因素对土地利用变化的影响,本文基于2000、2005、2010和2015年4期武汉城市圈土地利用现状数据,结合GIS空间分析、数理统计、单一土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和综合土地利用动态度方法,对武汉城市圈2000-2015年以及3个5年期土地利用变化的总体特征、转化方向和区域差异特征进行研究,并分析政策因素对土地利用变化的驱动作用。结果表明：① 总体特征上,2000-2015年耕地、草地、林地和未利用地面积持续减少,建设用地和水域面积不断增多。② 变化方向上,2000-2015年以耕地、林地转化为建设用地和水域为主要特征,2000-2005年以耕地向水域和建设用地转化为主,2005-2010年以耕地向建设用地、水域,林地向建设用地转化为主,2010-2015年以耕地、林地和水域向建设用地转化为主。③ 区域时空差异上,综合土地利用动态度最大的区域集中在武汉城市圈的中部;从单一土地利用动态度看,耕地主要分布在武汉城市圈周边地区;建设用地主要集中在武汉城市圈中部;水域集中在武汉城市圈的仙桃市;林地主要在潜江市、云梦县;草地主要为英山县。④ 政策驱动因素分析上,中部崛起、两型社会、长江经济带发展战略等政策对土地利用变化具有重要影响。 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal change patterns of freeze-thaw erosion in the three-river source region under the stress of climate warming 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The three-river source region(TRSR), located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, suffers from serious freeze-thaw(FT) erosion in China. Considering the unique eco-environment and the driving factors of the FT process in the TRSR, we introduce the driving force factors of FT erosion(rainfall erosivity and wind field intensity during FT period) and precipitation during the FT period(indicating the phase-changed water content). The objective was to establish an improved evaluation method of FT erosion in the TRSR. The method has good applicability in the study region with an overall precision of 92%. The spatial and temporal changes of FT erosion from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed. Results show that FT erosion is widely distributed in the TRSR, with slight and mild erosion being the most widely distributed, followed by moderate erosion. Among the three sub-regions, the source region of the Yellow River has the slightest erosion intensity, whereas the erosion intensity of the source region of Yangtze River is the most severe. A slight improvement can be observed in the condition of FTerosion over the whole study region from 2000 to 2015. Vegetation coverage is the dominant factor affecting the intensity of FT erosion in the zones with sparse vegetation or bare land, whereas the climate factors play an important role in high vegetation coverage area. Slopes28° also have a significant effect on the intensity of FT erosion in the zones. The results can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of the soil FT erosion in the TRSR. 相似文献
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Remote Monitoring of Expansion of Aquaculture Ponds Along Coastal Region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Chunying Ren Zongming Wang Bai Zhang Lin Li Lin Chen Kaishan Song Mingming Jia 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(3):430-442
Aquaculture ponds are one of the fastest-growing land use types in valuable and fertile coastal areas and have caused serious environmental problems. Quantitative assessment of the extent, spatial distribution, and dynamics of aquaculture ponds is of utmost importance for sustainable economic development and scientific management of land and water resources in the coastal area. An object-oriented classification approach was applied to Landsat images acquired over three decades to investigate the long-term change of aquaculture ponds in the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta. The results indicated that the aquaculture ponds in the study area undergone a sharp expansion from 40.38 km~2 in 1983 to 1406.89 km~2 in 2015, and the fast expansion occurred during the period of 2010–2015 and 1990–2000. Natural wetlands, especially mudflat, and cropland were main land use types contributing to the increase of aquaculture ponds. The patches of aquaculture ponds were consequently prevalence in the north of the Yellow River Estuary and landscape metrics indicated an increase of the aquaculture ponds of the study area in the quantity and complexity. The expansion of aquaculture ponds inevitably had negative effects on the coastal environment, including loss of natural wetlands, water pollution and land subsidence, etc. The results from this study provide baseline data and valuable information for efficiently planning and managing aquaculture practices and for effectively implementing adequate regulations and protection measures. 相似文献
13.
LIFang LIUZhi-ming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(1):57-62
By establishing the interpreting elements, and applying supervised classification, the sandy desertification was interpreted and the desertified land areas of the counties in the western Jilin Province in 1986 and in 2000 were obtained. Taking Tongyu and Qian‘an as examples, the natural driving forces and man-made driving forces were analyzed. The paper comes the conclusions that the material sources and the warming and dry climate are the internal causes of potential land descrtification: the irrational human activities, such as destroying forest and reclaiming the grassland, are the external causes of potential land desertification; while more rational human activities, such as planting trees and restoring grassland can reverse the land desertification. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the western Jilin Province are put forward. 相似文献
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1INTRODUCTIONAstheadvancingofthestudyonhumandimensionofglobalenvironmentalchange,thechangeoflanduseisbecomingoneoftheresearchfocuses(IGBP/HDP,1993;IGBP/HDP,1995).Landusechange,combiningwithlandcoverchange,reflectstheinterdependenceofhumanandnature.Whilethestudyonlanduse/coverchangetouchesuponalotofquestion,thedrivingforceanditsdrivingmechanismaretwoofthekeyissues(IGBP/HDP,1995).Inthemeantime,theyarethenecessarybasisofdiscussingandforecastingquantitativelylanduse/coverchangebym… 相似文献
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SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LAND TRANSFER ——Case Study of Shanghai, Nanjing and Taizhou in Changjiang River Delta 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
DU Wen-xing HUANG Xian-jin ZHAI Wen-xia PENG Bu-zhuo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(1):24-31
1INTRODUCTIONIt is one of important issues in the field of geographical science to analyze the spatial differentiation of regional phenomenon. The research on spatial differentiation can be cast back to Thunen's agricultural location theory. Af- terwards, many scholars developed the theory and paid moreattentiontothelawandformingmechanismofspa- tial differentiation of some phenomena including inhabi- tation structure, population variation, environmental ele- ments, rural development, and … 相似文献
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信息化赋能已经成为新时期国土空间规划的热点,但通过大数据整合进行国土空间利用评价研究仍有待探索。本文旨在借助腾讯位置大数据开展城市居住用地效率评价实证研究,综合运用多源地理空间数据,以居民区为评价单元构建居住用地效率指标,揭示常州市新城区不同居民区用地效率差异。结果表明:(1)居民区范围内小时粒度的人口规模呈周期波动,峰值一般出现在21:00,符合城市居民昼出夜归的作息规律,且不同容积率水平的居民楼人口集聚度和规模值也存在预期性的差异;(2) 29个居民区按建成年份划分为1980s、1990s、2000s、2010—2015年、2015年以后共5组,各组效率指标平均值分别为1.74、2.45、2.31、0.95和0.91人/百m2,2010年之前建成的居民区明显高于2010年之后新建的,2010年以后建成的居民区低于全市2.06人/百m2的平均水平(2018年标准);(3)效率指标值低并非完全等同于集约用地水平低,常州市新城新区开发建设的成长周期、居民对提升人居环境品质的需求,都是导致不同居民区用地效率差异的原因。研究表明,位置大数据作为高精... 相似文献
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Rapid urbanization leads to dramatic changes in land use patterns, and the land use/cover change(LUCC) can reflect the spatial impact of urbanization on the ecological environment. Simulating the process of LUCC and predicting the ecological risk future changes can provide supports for urban ecological management. Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA),China as the study area, four developmental scenarios were set on the basis of the land use data from 2005 to 2015. The temporal land use changes were predicted by the integration of the system dynamic and the future land use simulation(SD-FLUS) model, and the geographically weighted regression(GWR) model was used to identify the spatial heterogeneity and evolution characteristics between ecological risk index(ERI) and socio-economic driving forces. Results showed that: 1) From 2005 to 2015, the expansion of construction land(7670.24 km~2) mainly came from the occupation of cultivated land(7854.22 km~2). The Kappa coefficient of the SD-FLUS model was 0.886, indicating that this model could be used to predict the future land use changes in the YRDUA. 2) Gross domestic production(GDP) and population density(POP) showed a positive effect on the ERI, and the impact of POP exceeded that of GDP. The ERI showed the characteristics of zonal diffusion and a slight upward trend, and the high ecological risk region increased by 6.09%, with the largest increase. 3) Under different developmental scenarios, the land use and ecological risk patterns varied. The construction land is increased by 5.76%, 7.41%, 5.25% and 6.06%, respectively. And the high ecological risk region accounted for 12.71%, 15.06%, 11.89%,and 12.94%, correspondingly. In Scenario D, the structure of land use and ecological risk pattern was better compared with other scenarios considering the needs of rapid economic and ecological protection. This study is helpful to understand the spatio-temporal pattern and demand of land use types, grasp the ecological security pattern of large-scale areas, and provide scientific basis for the territory development of urban agglomeration in the future. 相似文献
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Simulation of land-use scenarios for Beijing using CLUE-S and Markov composite models 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This study investigated and simulated land use patterns in Beijing for the year 2000 and the year 2005 from the actual land use data for the year 1995 and the year 2000,respectively,by combining spatial land allocation simulation using the CLUE-S model,and numerical land demand prediction using the Markov model.The simulations for 2000 and 2005 were confirmed to be generally accurate using Kappa indices.Then the land-use scenarios for Beijing in 2015 were simulated assuming two modes of development:1) urban development following existing trends;and 2) under a strict farmland control.The simulations suggested that under either mode,urbanized areas would expand at the expense of land for other uses.This expansion was predicted to dominate the land-use conversions between 2005 and 2015,and was expected to be accompanied by an extensive loss of farmland.The key susceptible to land-use changes were found to be located at the central urban Beijing and the surrounding regions including Yanqing County,Changping District and Fangshan District.Also,the simulations predicted a considerable expansion of urban/suburban areas in the mountainous regions of Beijing,suggesting a need for priority monitoring and protection. 相似文献
19.
森林脑炎作为一种蜱传自然疫源性疾病,其空间分布与环境关系密切,探索其时空分布模式与环境因子对其影响机制对于掌握和预测森林脑炎的发病风险区域具有重要意义。本文以我国东北疫源区（黑龙江省、吉林省和内蒙古自治区）为研究区,通过统计分析和空间自相关分析探究了2005—2015年森林脑炎时空分布特征,进而运用地理探测器模型探讨森林脑炎空间分布影响因素及其指示作用。结果表明：① 研究区内森林脑炎发病率在2005—2015年有明显的增长趋势和季节性发病特征,且其发病率具有较强的空间集聚模式,主要有2个大的热点集聚区;② 从整个研究区来看,植被类型、土地利用、年均气温、土壤类型、5—8月均气温、坡度、高程和年均降雨量是森林脑炎发病率空间流行的主要环境影响因素;③ 对于所筛选的环境指示因子而言,各指示因子对森林脑炎发病风险的影响程度存在差异,即各因子的各类型（范围）内,森林脑炎发病率不同;各指示因子两两之间的相互作用对森林脑炎的发病风险具有显著增强效应。研究结果可为研究区及全国森林脑炎疫情的有效控制提供科学依据和决策支持。 相似文献
20.
从科技创新的基础、投入、产出和潜力4方面构建了旅游产业科技创新能力结构模型和综合评价指标体系,利用熵值法、线性加权法以及ArcGIS空间分析工具分析评价了2004、2008、2014年中国旅游产业科技创新能力的总体水平、时空动态演化及驱动因素。结果表明：① 2004-2014年,中国旅游产业科技创新能力总体上呈不断提高态势,但空间分布极不均衡,存在明显的地区差异,在趋势上基本表现出东西方向递增,南北方向倒“U”型分布态势;② 中国旅游产业科技创新能力在地理空间上存在着显著而稳定的集聚特征和一定的极化特征,毗邻的区域在旅游科技创新方面存在一定的空间外溢效应;③ 中国旅游产业科技创新能力热点区主要分布在北京、天津和少数东部沿海省份和中部省份,冷点区主要集中在中西部内陆地区的省份;④ 空间残差回归和地理加权回归研究表明,旅游产业基础、空间外溢效应、政策制度因素是驱动中国旅游产业科技创新能力时空变化3个核心因素。 相似文献