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概述了国内外强震动观测的研究现状和结构地震反应观测台阵的研究情况。并对北京市人大办公楼的结构地震反应观测台阵的研究实例作了分析,该观测台阵在没有强震的情况下,依然取得了有用的地震记录。文中对该台阵得到的两次地震记录分析、处理,结果的对比分析用于验证该结构反应观测台阵布设的合理性。最后阐述了该台阵布设的不足,针对不足给出几点结构反应观测台阵布设的合理建议,并展望了结构地震反应观测台阵布设研究的美好前景。 相似文献
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地震反演是储层定量描述和地震油气识别的关键技术,反演结果在复杂构造区域的横向连续性和保真性是影响地震资料定量解释精度的重要因素.基于此,本文发展了地震数据互相关驱动的多道反演方法.考虑地层反射系数与地震数据在结构上具有相似性的特点,基于地震数据互相关描述地层反射系数的结构特征,并将其作为多道地震反演的横向约束条件;此外,为改善地震数据本身横向连续性差对反演结果的影响,在目标泛函的惩罚项中引入局部优化算子,构建了一个易于求解的多道地震反演目标泛函.与常规多道地震反演方法相比,本文方法能够设计更合理、更符合实际情况的横向约束算子,提高反演结果的横向连续性,并且能有效降低地震资料质量对反演结果的影响.模型测试和实际应用验证了本方法的可靠性和稳定性. 相似文献
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2008年5月12日汶川发生里氏8.0级地震的发震机制与龙门山断裂带的构造特征紧密相关,应用反射地震探测方法精细探测发震构造内部的结构特征,对研究汶川地震的发震机理有重要意义.5.12地震后在地表错断最剧烈的区域之一虹口乡白庙村穿过发震构造和深钻科研井WSFD-1和WSFD-2布置了兼顾浅中深层信息的反射地震探测剖面,该区域断裂带硬岩出露,地形地貌复杂多变,起伏剧烈,只能采取弯线地震测线布设方式采集二维反射地震数据,而且弯曲度大,造成CDP点分散严重.区域内构造复杂,褶皱逆推构造发育,地层和构造倾角大,采用常规二维地震数据处理方法进行叠加处理时,易将不同地层的反射信息叠加到同一反射层.弯线叠加剖面上侧面波,混波干扰严重,会显著地降低原本低信噪比数据的分辨率,或剖面可靠性低,容易在二维剖面中造成解释陷阱.本文利用弯线地震采集的三维特性,用拟三维地震叠加技术处理汶川地震科学钻井附近横跨北川-映秀断裂带的二维弯线地震数据,弥补常规二维弯线地震数据处理技术的不足,将不同地层的反射信息分离归位到不同的三维叠加剖面上,解决二维弯线地震数据处理时混波干扰严重的难题.通过理论分析和实验选取合适的共中心点面元,获得了高分辨率的三维叠加剖面.相比于二维弯线叠加剖面,三维叠加剖面切片成像更真实,剔除了不同地层反射信息混叠的影响,能得到更准确的断点信息,并可以获得沿断层走向横向的信息,显著提高了构造解释的可靠性和精度.应用拟三维地震数据处理方法处理龙门山断裂带的二维弯线地震数据,获取高分辨率的构造信息,有利于断裂带内汶川地震发震机制和龙门山隆起机制的解释. 相似文献
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Acceleration measurements often provide engineers with a means by which to determine the forces within dynamic structural systems; however, for certain problems, information about the structural motion and the displacement-time history may also be of interest. One such application deals with the evaluation of stiffness in reinforced concrete structures during seismic events. Scaled model test of these events suggest that the stiffness of these structures often degrades drastically. The displacement response of these seismic events is required both for the hysteresis curve (load vs displacement) and evaluation of postulated structural stiffness models. By applying data processing techniques to acceleration data obtained from scaled model tests, displacement-time histories were obtained for low aspect shear walls subjected to simulated seismic loadings. Procedures, difficulties, and results of this work are discussed herein. 相似文献
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为了探明南海东北部马尼拉俯冲带北段的地壳结构属性,2016年4—6月,"实验2"号科考船执行基金委共享航次,在巴士海峡区域实施三维海底地震仪（OBS）深地震探测实验.实验总共投放48台国产便携式OBS,最终回收41台,放炮测线长2300 km,有效放炮10800次,获得了宝贵的第一手数据资料.但初步处理显示,新研发的25台OBS数据异常,未能识别有效震相,给后续计算模拟带来极大困难.为此,本文对异常数据进行了深入分析,通过数据格式检查、导航放炮时间查对、相邻台站信号对比、外部时间和内部时间分析等手段,发现数据异常的原因是采样间隔发生了变化,由设置的4.0 ms变为实际的4.5 ms,导致内部时间出错,无法正确裁截和对齐震相.新版仪器为节能优化,调低了CPU主频,导致在较高采样率情况下,实际采样间隔比预设要长,这是造成数据异常的主要原因.通过修正采样间隔和数据重采样的方法,我们成功恢复了异常数据,获得了清晰的地震剖面.此项研究不仅挽救了宝贵的地震数据,为下一步地壳结构研究提供数据基础,而且提升了国家基金委共享航次的科学意义,可为今后国产仪器的研发和使用提供重要参考. 相似文献
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Inversion of inline and broadside marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data with constraints derived from seismic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Torgeir Wiik Janniche Irén Nordskag Eirik Øverland Dischler Anh Kiet Nguyen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(6):1371-1382
We present a structural smoothing regularization scheme in the context of inversion of marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data. The regularizing hypothesis is that the electrical parameters have a structure similar to that of the elastic parameters observed from seismic data. The regularization is split into three steps. First, we ensure that our inversion grid conforms with the geometry derived from seismic. Second, we use a seismic stratigraphic attribute to define a spatially varying regularization strength. Third, we use an indexing strategy on the inversion grid to define smoothing along the seismic geometry. Enforcing such regularization in the inversion will encourage an inversion result that is more intuitive for the interpreter to deal with. However, the interpreter should also be aware of the bias introduced by using seismic data for regularization. We illustrate the method using one synthetic example and one field data example. The results show how the regularization works and that it clearly enforces the structure derived from seismic data. From the field data example we find that the inversion result improves when the structural smoothing regularization is employed. Including the broadside data improves the inversion results even more, due to a better balancing between the sensitivities for the horizontal and vertical resistivities. 相似文献
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Application of subspace identification technique to long‐term seismic response monitoring of structures 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper addresses the issue of structural system identification using earthquake‐induced structural response. The proposed methodology is based on the subspace identification algorithm to perform identification of structural dynamic characteristics using input–output seismic response data. Incorporated with subspace identification algorithm, a scheme to remove spurious modes is also used to identify real system poles. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of all measurement data from all measurement directly. The recorded seismic response data of three structures (one 7‐story RC building, one midisolation building, and one isolated bridge), under Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, are analyzed during the past 15 years. The results present the variation of the identified fundamental modal frequencies and damping ratios from all the recorded seismic events that these three structures had encountered during their service life. Seismic assessment of the structures from the identified system dynamic characteristics during the period of their service is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A. Amendola G. Gabbriellini P. Dell'Aversana A. J. Marini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(Z1):49-58
Seismic facies analysis is a well‐established technique in the workflow followed by seismic interpreters. Typically, huge volumes of seismic data are scanned to derive maps of interesting features and find particular patterns, correlating them with the subsurface lithology and the lateral changes in the reservoir. In this paper, we show how seismic facies analysis can be accomplished in an effective and complementary way to the usual one. Our idea is to translate the seismic data in the musical domain through a process called sonification, mainly based on a very accurate time–frequency analysis of the original seismic signals. From these sonified seismic data, we extract several original musical attributes for seismic facies analysis, and we show that they can capture and explain underlying stratigraphic and structural features. Moreover, we introduce a complete workflow for seismic facies analysis starting exclusively from musical attributes, based on state‐of‐the‐art machine learning computational techniques applied to the classification of the aforementioned musical attributes. We apply this workflow to two case studies: a sub‐salt two‐dimensional seismic section and a three‐dimensional seismic cube. Seismic facies analysis through musical attributes proves to be very useful in enhancing the interpretation of complicated structural features and in anticipating the presence of hydrocarbon‐bearing layers. 相似文献
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随机噪声的压制在提高地震资料信噪比方面发挥重要作用.考虑到传统去噪方法在构造复杂地区难以取得理想的去噪结果,本文提出基于Hessian矩阵特征值对应的线性目标关系在多个尺度上对随机噪声进行压制.该方法将地震信号看作不同尺度的曲线,从而利用Hessian矩阵在曲线检测方面表现出的良好性能实现信噪分离.该方法与传统方法相比不受地层倾角的限制,因此能够处理构造较为复杂地区的地震数据.利用模型及实际资料对该方法进行了验证并与传统方法F-X反褶积的去噪结果做对比,结果表明基于Hessian矩阵的随机噪声压制方法在构造复杂地区能够保持有效信号的完整性. 相似文献
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Jun Feng Bingxue Zhu Wei Li Hui Chen Bin Zhou Shi-hu Wu Ke Guo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(9):2665-2677
Preserving the structural and stratigraphic discontinuities or edges is essential in seismic data processing and interpretation. According to several numerical experiments, it is obvious that random noise has a constant spectral density, whereas the structural features vary significantly within different frequency bands, which means that the ratio between the densities of noise and structural features varies significantly in different frequency bands. Therefore, we propose a method called adaptive hybrid diffusion to attenuate random noise, which utilizes a novel adaptive frequency-based parameter. First, the adaptive hybrid diffusion method decomposes the seismic sections into several band-limited portions using variational mode decomposition. These portions are called intrinsic mode functions, in which noise and structural energy have distinct differences. Subsequently, utilizing the adaptive frequency-based parameter, each intrinsic mode function is divided into several monotonous portions that represent the noise or structural area. Afterwards, the total variation and L2 minimization algorithms are utilized separately to suppress the noise in different band-limited monotonous areas. The algorithms are chosen dynamically, as the portion changes with the change in the adaptive parameter. Finally, these denoised portions are combined to obtain the denoised seismic section. Experimental results on synthetic and field seismic data showed that seismic noise is effectively suppressed by the adaptive hybrid diffusion method, with the edge details of seismic events well preserved. 相似文献
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传统方法主要通过导热系数低的材料和增加墙体厚度来达到抗震效果。该方法不仅浪费能源而且抗震性能较差,因此对建筑用玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙抗震结构进行设计,构建玻化微珠保温混凝土本构模型,获得与抗震结构相关的理论数据。根据所获取的数据,选择板壳单元SHELL63作为玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙抗震结构单元。依据抗震结构材料参数以及抗震结构单元,采用ANSYS软件模拟构建玻化微珠保温混凝土剪力墙抗震结构。分析实验结果可知,所设计建筑节能抗震结构的抗震性能较好,实际运用价值高。 相似文献
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Seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratios （SNRs） are useful in reservoirexploration. To obtain high SNR seismic data, significant effort is required to achieve noiseattenuation in seismic data processing, which is costly in materials, and human and financialresources. We introduce a method for improving the SNR of seismic data. The SNR iscalculated by using the frequency domain method. Furthermore, we optimize and discussthe critical parameters and calculation procedure. We applied the proposed method on realdata and found that the SNR is high in the seismic marker and low in the fracture zone.Consequently, this can be used to extract detailed information about fracture zones that areinferred bv structural analysis but not observed in conventional seismic data. 相似文献
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虽然煤田三维地震勘探已经过了十多年的发展,但构造解释问题仍是目前需要解决的主要问题之一.随着三维地震资料解释方法的不断发展,小波分析技术、相干体技术、地震属性技术、图像处理等提高解释精度的方法相继在地震勘探领域中得到应用.另一方面,由于煤矿采区三维地震勘探资料一般具有高信噪比和高分辨率的特点,为做好三维地震资料精细构造解释提供了物质基础.本文结合小波分析技术、相干体技术、地震属性技术等多种方法,结合两个采区的实例,对小断层和小规模陷落柱做了精细构造解释.解释结果显示联合使用以上几种解释技术,能提高三维地震资料的构造解释精度和可靠信. 相似文献
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基于可靠地估计反射方位和边界的构造约束保边滤波(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文给出一种既能有效衰减地震噪音又可保护地层及构造的不连续性的新方法。构造约束保边平滑技术需要已知反射局部方位和边界信息,通常这些信息由全频率地震资料估算获得,但在资料信噪比很低的情况下,噪音往往会降低估算的可靠度。对于信噪比极低的地震资料,其主频成分相对非主频成分信噪比高,所以由主频资料获取的方位和边界信息比由其它频率成分获取的更可靠。方位和边界信息通常用倾角和相干值差异来描述。由于不同频率所引起的倾角和相干值差异的变化均比地震记录的变化缓慢,所以由主频资料获取的倾角及边界信息能够近似代表所有频率成分的倾角及边界信息。Ricker子波广泛用于地震勘探,Marr小波与Ricker子波在时间和频率域均具有相同的形态,所以选用Marrl小波变换将地震数据按照倍频程分为几个分频体。扫描主频分频体,用不等权二次曲面拟合并求解极大值来获取视倾角,通过比较9个滑动窗口的相干值来确定反射边界。将这些信息用构造约束保边平滑技术可选择性地（selectively）对主频、低频、高频分频体做平滑处理,最后将平滑后的各频段地震记录合成为滤波去噪后的地震记录。理论模型和实际资料处理效果表明该方法能有效压制噪音,保护边界,保护同相轴的连续性,且灵活地保留地震记录中的有用信息。 相似文献
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在哈萨克斯坦的5个现代化数字地震台阵中,4个小孔径同心圆结构的IMS简约型台阵建设、维护方便,全方位监测能力强,1个十字型结构中等孔径台阵,因对特定方位敏感,对更远距离已知核试验点监测能力更强。台阵观测场地均处于完整稳定的构造块体,内部岩石迁移性良好,噪声水平低,保证了对远处微弱地震信号的监测及各子台信号的相似性。地震检波器良好的性能,保证了台阵的地震信号记录质量和数据研究基础。采用卫星传输方式,有效保证了数据的实时性。哈萨克斯坦的地震台阵,其选址、布局、仪器、数据传输等台阵建设,为中国地震台阵发展建设提供了经验借鉴。 相似文献
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Bin Liu Chao Fu Yuxiao Ren Qingsong Zhang Xinji Xu Yangkang Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(5):1509-1522
Random noise attenuation utilizing predictive filtering achieves great performance in denoising seismic data. Conventional predictive filtering methods are based on fixed filter operators and neglect the complexity of structures. In this way, the denoised data cannot meet the requirement of balancing the signal preservation and noise removal. In this study, we proposed a structural complexity-guided predictive filtering method that utilizes an adapted filter operator to adjust the changes of structural complexity. The proposed structural complexity-guided predictive filtering mainly consists of two stages. A slope field information is acquired according to plane-wave destruction to assess the structural complexity. In addition, an adaptive filter operator is obtained to denoise the seismic data according to the adaptive factor. Both synthetic data and real seismic profiles are employed to examine the denoising capacity and flexibility of the refined predictive filtering using adaptive lengths. The analysis of the predicted results shows that adaptive predictive filtering is powerful and has the ability to eliminate random noises with negligible distortions. 相似文献
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Earthquake simulator tests of a 1/6-scale nine-story reinforced concrete frame-wall model are described in the paper. The test results and associated numerical simulation are summarized and discussed. Based on the test data, a relationship between maximum inter-story drift and damage state is established. Equations of variation of structural characteristics (natural frequency and equivalent stiffness) with overall drifts are derived by data fitting, which can be used to estimate structural damage state if structural characteristics can be measured. A comparison of the analytical and experimental results show that both the commonly used equivalent beam and fiber element models can simulate the nonlinear seismic response of structures very well. Finally, conclusions associated with seismic design and damage evaluation of RC structures are presented. 相似文献
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De-Kuan Chang Wu-Yang Yang Yi-Hui Wang Qing Yang Xin-Jian Wei Xiao-Ying Feng 《应用地球物理》2018,15(1):91-98
For random noise suppression of seismic data, we present a non-local Bayes (NLBayes) filtering algorithm. The NL-Bayes algorithm uses the Gaussian model instead of the weighted average of all similar patches in the NL-means algorithm to reduce the fuzzy of structural details, thereby improving the denoising performance. In the denoising process of seismic data, the size and the number of patches in the Gaussian model are adaptively calculated according to the standard deviation of noise. The NL-Bayes algorithm requires two iterations to complete seismic data denoising, but the second iteration makes use of denoised seismic data from the first iteration to calculate the better mean and covariance of the patch Gaussian model for improving the similarity of patches and achieving the purpose of denoising. Tests with synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that the NL-Bayes algorithm can effectively improve the SNR and preserve the fidelity of seismic data. 相似文献