共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 224 毫秒
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利用NOAA／AVHRR资料，通过遥感图象处理、地表温度反演、空间统计分析等技术方法。分析姚安6．5级地震震前的热红外温度变化。对计算结果的单点采样比较和面域剖面分析表明，2000年1月15日姚安6．5级地震前，震区出现了明显的热红外持续增温；震前两天热红外温度与地震平静时段的同期同区域温度相比出现了大面积的3℃0℃的正值区域；与同期温度背景场相比，在断裂附近震区增温仍较明显。研究还表明，将卫星热红外辐射技术用于实际地震预报还需要解决两个重要问题：一是资料的时间连续性问题；二是热红外异常与地震的孕育、发生的定量关系问题。 相似文献
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基于卫星热红外辐射信息的新疆强震震例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NOAA-14极轨气象卫星红外波段的探测数据,对遥感数据进行多种处理,采用影像目视解释和提取地表辐射亮温值的方法,对新疆的三次强震进行分析,结果发现在地震前都出现了热红外异常,这为地震监测提供了一个重要信息。 相似文献
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地表温度与地表比辐射率是陆地表层系统的两个重要特征物理量,它们反演的精度将在很大程度上影响间接导出的地表参量的准确性和相关遥感应用的有效性。多光谱热红外反演温度和比辐射率受到陆地表面类型复杂而观测信息不足的限制,很难同时反演出精确的地表温度数值和地表比辐射率数值。高光谱热红外传感器的出现,为更好地解决这一难题带来了机遇。利用高光谱热红外数据的优势和特性,提出了一种基于大气下行辐射残余指标(DRRI)的方法,实现了地表温度与地表比辐射率的准确分离。通过高光谱热红外模拟数据的反演实验表明DRRI方法具有运算速度快、结果精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强等优点。该方法能够应用于野外测量的高光谱热红外数据以及经准确大气校正后的星载高光谱热红外数据。 相似文献
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热红外遥感图像中云覆盖像元地表温度估算初论 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
云覆盖是热红外遥感应用和地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)遥感定量反演的重要障碍。如何估算热红外遥感图像中云覆盖像元的地表温度,是热红外遥感的前沿研究难题。以地表热量平衡为基础,根据地表温度的空间分布连续性、植被对地表温度的影响,提出三种解决云覆盖像元地表温度估算方案:空间插值修正法、植被关系修正法和改进型地表热量平衡法,并探讨云覆盖区地表温度空间分布的洼地效应现象、洼地效应强度及计算方法。基于地表热量平衡方程的洼地效应强度因子和影像灰度值之间关系的数值模拟,是三种估算方案切实可行的关键。 相似文献
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火山气溶胶通过反射太阳辐射导致地表降温。重建历史火山活动序列,是评估其气候效应,从而区分人为和自然因子的相对贡献、预测温室气体对全球气候影响的基础之一。此综述简要介绍了火山活动影响气候的作用机理。通过对冰芯研究历史及利用两极冰芯记录重建火山活动序列的研究进展的回顾,阐述了极地冰芯在火山活动序列重建中的作用与优势,以及近期研究在冰芯钻取和数据分析手段、极地火山信号向大气辐射强迫转化方法等方面所取得的成果;同时指出在火山沉积物的空间分布、冰芯定年及高低纬度火山喷发源的确定方面仍存在较大不确定性。因此应结合火山碎屑研究及非质量同位素分馏分析等方法,并钻取更多时间尺度更长且现有冰芯钻取较少的地区的深冰芯,以更精确地重建火山活动序列,从而提高对历史火山活动及其对气候影响的认识。 相似文献
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地表比辐射率是热红外遥感中的关键参数,在TM6/ETM+热红外波段地表比辐射率估算过程中亟待解决的是混合像元问题.针对该问题选取湖南省张家界永定区TM6影像,基于混合像元分解模型,综合采用散点图和PPI方法提取端元,得出研究区平均比辐射率估算值为0.988.经验证发现纯净像元比辐射率估算精度较高,估算值与实际值的偏差均小于0.003,4种不同土地利用类型的估算精度由高到低依次为水域、林地、耕地和建设用地. 相似文献
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从数学上探讨了晴空大气红外窗区通道遥感陆面特性水汽吸收和陆面发射率的综合影响。首先,基于辐射传输方程推导出大气水汽含量和陆面发射率(ε)引起红外窗区通道遥感陆面亮温(Tg)变化的数学表达式,指出红外辐射在传输过程中水汽吸收衰减的影响主要是引起大气透过率的变化;分析了在高温高湿和低温干燥等不同地区,红外窗区通道的大气透过率所受到的不同程度的衰减,以及水汽吸收衰减和陆面发射率对不同的红外窗区通道的影响。此外,还建立了一个红外窗区通道遥感陆面温度与地面亮温差ΔT=(Ts-Tg,imax)与水汽含量变化Δq和陆面发射率ε的二元多项式拟合方程,进一步分析大气水汽含量和陆面发射率对不同的红外窗区通道遥感的影响;指出红外短波窗区通道不但受太阳辐射污染严重,而且受陆面发射率变化的影响激烈,特别是在寒冷干燥的亚北极冬季。最后强调,为了精确地反演陆面温度,最好采用热红外窗区通道;必须考虑大气订正,特别是在高温高湿区;同时应该考虑陆面发射率等因子的作用。 相似文献
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基于CBERS-02 IRMSS和MODIS数据的地表温度反演与热环境评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用中巴资源卫星热红外遥感数据(CBERS-02 IRMSS)和普适性单通道算法反演福州市的地表温度.反演过程中使用同时相的MODIS数据在像元尺度上获取的大气水汽含量替换标准大气模拟值,参考气候资源评价中人体舒适度指数模型,建立基于地温的热环境评价模型,并对福州城市热环境进行评级.结果表明:中巴资源卫星热红外数据对城市热岛和热环境研究具有重要的应用价值,多源遥感数据的结合可以提高地表温度的反演精度,而基于遥感反演参数的热环境指数评价方法能够较好地描述城市热环境的空间特征. 相似文献
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In the last several decades, the underlying surface conditions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have changed dramatically, causing permafrost degradation due to climate change and human activities. This change severely influenced the cold regions environment and engineering infrastructure built above permafrost. Permafrost is a product of the interaction between the atmosphere and the ground. The formation and change of permafrost are determined by the energy exchange between earth and atmosphere system. Fieldwork was performed in order to learn how land surface change influenced the thermal regime in permafrost regions. In this article, the field data observed in the Fenghuo Mountain regions was used to analyze the thermal conditions under different underlying surfaces on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results show that underlying surface change may alter the primary energy balance and the thermal conditions of permafrost. The thermal flux in the permafrost regions is also changed, resulting in rising upper soil temperature and thickening active layer. Vegetation could prevent solar radiation from entering the ground, cooling the ground in the warm season. Also, vegetation has heat insulation and heat preservation functions related to the ground surface and may keep the permafrost stable. Plots covered with black plastic film have higher temperatures compared with plots covered by natural vegetation. The reason is that black plastic film has a low albedo, which could increase the absorbed solar radiation, and also decrease evapotranspiration. The ＂greenhouse effect＂ of transparent plastic film might effectively reduce the emission of long-wave radiation from the surface, decreasing heat loss from the earth＇s surface, and prominently increasing ground surface temperature. 相似文献
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Summary. A geothermal and hydrochemical anomaly was observed in the Lower Triassic sandstone aquifer in the Vittel region (Vosges, France). This anomaly was attributed to a hydrothermal spring under sedimentary cover. In order to localize the hot spring and to quantify more precisely its flow rate and temperature, it is necessary to consider the 3-D thermal problem by taking into account the complex geometry of the domain and the flow rate in the aquifer. A 3-D numerical model of thermal conductive and forced convective transfer, developed for hydrological problems including approximate geometrical and topographical effects, is used which (i) can be directly applied to geologic strata (aquifers) with varying thickness and top and base slope; and (ii) allows calculation of heat flux anomalies associated with fluid flow in such geologically realistic aquifers.
The heat transfer equation is formulated in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. As most geometries dealing with geothermal phenomena in sedimentary basins are nearly horizontal, this formulation can be simplified, leading readily to numerical solution with a finite difference method. The application of the 3-D model to the Vittel aquifer gives temperature results in agreement with measurements. These results provide evidence for the importance of associated forced convection and topographical effects for ground temperature distribution, and show clearly that heat flow in many basins is interpretable only if careful hydrological and thermal studies are made. 相似文献
The heat transfer equation is formulated in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. As most geometries dealing with geothermal phenomena in sedimentary basins are nearly horizontal, this formulation can be simplified, leading readily to numerical solution with a finite difference method. The application of the 3-D model to the Vittel aquifer gives temperature results in agreement with measurements. These results provide evidence for the importance of associated forced convection and topographical effects for ground temperature distribution, and show clearly that heat flow in many basins is interpretable only if careful hydrological and thermal studies are made. 相似文献
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《Basin Research》2018,30(Z1):479-496
Analysis of current temperature data in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago results in the recognition of two major thermal regimes. High temperature regions are observed where salt diapirs and salt cored anticlines are present. Low temperature fields are observed along the western and southern basin margins and around Cornwall‐Amund Ringnes islands, where regional Mesozoic aquifers are exposed to surface, connected to basin boundary faults, or regional unconformities. Meteoric and Holocene sub‐glacial water recharge are inferred to be responsible for the low geothermal regime and low formation water salinity. Neither exhumation associated with the Eocene “Eurekan” orogeny nor volcanic intrusion associated with opening of Amerasia Basin in late Jurassic‐early Cretaceous have been interpreted to be a significant influence on the present day temperature field, although thermal indicators show evidence of elevated thermal alteration of organic matter pointing to earlier, but now dissipated, thermal anomalies. 相似文献
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根据1993—2016年昆明市24 a太阳辐射及其他相关资料,采用回归分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、小波分析和灰色关联度等方法,分析昆明市地面太阳辐射变化特征,并对其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,近24 a来昆明市地面接收年太阳辐射量在4620.21~6221.65 MJ/m 2之间变化,最大值出现在2016年,最小值出现在2008年,平均每年的太阳辐射为5598.06 MJ/m 2,且整体上呈现波动式上升趋势。昆明市干湿季分明,干季(11月—次年4月)地面得到的太阳辐射量较多,为2825.22 MJ/m 2,雨季(5—10月)较少,为2774.41 MJ/m 2;一年中地面接收太阳辐射量最多月份在4月,其值为604.75 MJ/m 2,最少的是12月,其值为361.01 MJ/m 2,相差243.74 MJ/m 2。地面接收的太阳辐射有一个突变点为2014年,但不明显。年小波分析表明,近24 a昆明市各年地面接收的太阳辐射量主周期为15 a;季节小波分析发现,干季比雨季振幅大,其主周期都为19 d。近24 a昆明市地面太阳辐射受自然和人为因子共同影响,其中自然因子对太阳辐射影响最大的是降水量,人为因子中对太阳辐射影响最大的是工业总产值,且自然因子的作用大于人为因子。 相似文献
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A case study is made of the Mendeleev volcano (Kunashir Island, Southern Kuril Chain) to carry out a quantitative assessment of the influence of magmatic energy of an active volcano on the thermal regime of the soil and the ground-level air level as well as on the water balance and forest formation processes in the insular volcanic landscape. It is established that the influent channels of steam-hydrotherms cause an anomalous rise in soil temperature thereby having a substantial influence on the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. Using a specially developed method, we calculated the geotherm-caused temperature anomalies in the soil. Calculations showed that the forest communities of the Mendeleev volcanic landscape evolved into existence and persist under the same heat and energy conditions as their zonal marginalmainland counterparts. The active volcano compensates for a deficiency in the climatic resource and ensures a stable functioning and a structural configuration of these “climatically unjustified” (extrazonal) island-arc ecosystems. We have empirically substantiated the proposition that geothermal energy of passive volcanoes serves as the factor for acceleration evolution of the insular phytobiota. This constitutes the phenomenon of biogeocenological organization of the volcanogenic landscape in the continent-to-ocean transition zone. It is shown that the magmatic geotherms of the Mendeleev volcano promoted the transgression of species and whole communities from southern areas to this boreal-forest region. We examine the rearrangement of the forest cover toward an increase in its floro- and phytocenotic diversity, the formation of relatively stable boreal-subboreal forest ecosystem with subtropical relicts as well as rudimentary buffer forest communities. It is demonstrated that a geothermal heating of the soil on the slopes and at the foot of the volcanoes of the Kuril Ridge is a large-scale (rather than an exceptional) phenomenon in the hydrothermal regime of forest ecosystems of island-arc ecoregions. 相似文献
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利用通用地球系统模式CESM过去1500年气候模拟试验结果,对比分析中世纪暖期南、北半球气候变化特征及成因,对认识南、北半球暖期气候变化规律及其与外强迫变化的关系有重要科学意义。结果表明：中世纪暖期全球及南、北半球总体是变暖的,但仍存在峰谷变化,高纬地区增温幅度大于低纬地区,北半球中世纪暖期比南半球更为明显,其距平变幅也大于南半球。全球降水距平基本为正,南、北半球降水变幅基本相当,降水变化显著区域集中于低纬地区。太阳辐射是影响中世纪暖期全球及半球气温变化最显著的因素,火山活动对北半球气温变化也有较显著的影响。从全球尺度来看,降水由太阳辐射和火山活动共同影响,其中太阳辐射影响最为显著,但从半球尺度来看,火山活动是影响半球降水的重要因素。 相似文献