共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
《岩土力学》2017,(11):3145-3153
深部岩土工程领域面临的井筒、巷道以及硐室等埋深较深结构物,其上方的土体大多处于非极限状态。现有理论很少关注非极限状态的土压力计算,基于此建立了考虑土拱效应的滑移面间非极限状态土压力计算模型。基于主应力旋转理论和简化的抛物线型滑移面,推导了滑移面上的侧向土压力系数;基于大主应力拱假设,采用极限平衡法建立了滑移面间土体中平均竖向应力的微分方程,并给出了解析解答;进一步,采用文中方法和经典理论解答分析了极限状态时滑移面间的土压力并与物理模型试验结果进行了对比,验证了方法的正确性;最后,进行了滑移面间非极限状态土压力算例分析,结果表明,建立的土压力解答能够较好地反映土体内部土拱演化过程中结构物上方及土体内部滑移面间的土压力状态及其与滑移面之间的演化关系。 相似文献
3.
4.
一、几种压力计的名称及用途 (1)双膜土压力盒用于测定地下各构筑物的接触压力和各类松散介质(包括比较坚硬的土层)的各向压力;进行静态或动态的测试。 (2)双膜碎石压力盒除同土压力盒的上述用途外,还可用于测定比较破碎的、松散的岩层压力和一些结构物的集中荷载. (3)微型压力盒用于室内试验和模拟试验。 相似文献
5.
高路堤下涵洞地基处理现场测试与数值模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
山区高速公路高填方涵洞工程应用广泛,由于地基处理不当造成的涵洞病害屡见不鲜。结合现场实测成果和有限元数值模拟结果,分析了涵洞结构物的受力状态及地基受力、变形特性,讨论了地基刚度、不均匀沉降对涵洞受力的影响和埋深效应对地基承载力的影响。研究结果表明：涵洞基底与相同标高下涵洞外侧路基基底土压力相差不大,地基设计时可按二者相等考虑;地基刚度越大,涵洞顶部土压力越大,对涵洞结构物强度要求就越高,地基处理中应尽量避免使用刚性桩复合地基。根据研究结果,提出了高路堤下涵洞地基的设计方法。 相似文献
6.
齿坎式挡土结构物极限抗滑力研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以齿坎式挡土结构物的现场抗滑试验为依据,运用非线性弹性有限元方法,对齿坎长度分别为0、0.7 m和1.0 m的挡土结构物的现场试验进行了理论分析,研究了位于软弱地基中的挡土结构物中的齿坎抗滑机制,其有限元理论分析能很好地表征现场试验成果,并运用强度折减的有限元方法对齿坎式挡土结构物进行极限设计,该理论研究可为工程设计提供齿坎抗滑作用的设计理论。 相似文献
7.
随着城市建设的迅速发展,既有高填明洞填土顶面将不可避免地出现新增结构物等二期荷载的情况。为了明确明洞回填完成后新增二期荷载对其顶部垂直土压力的影响,在已有明洞减载结构土压力计算公式的基础上,利用土体沉降弹性理论计算公式建立了土工格栅变形与土体沉降变形的关系,并考虑二期荷载作用,进一步完善了高填明洞减载前后的洞顶垂直土压力计算公式。建立数值分析模型,将数值分析结果与文中公式计算结果进行了对比。结果表明：公式计算与数值分析结果较为接近,表现出相同的规律性;有无减载措施对明洞回填土压力影响较大,填土越高,减载越显著,实际作用在明洞顶土压力越小。新增二期荷载作用下的明洞顶垂直土压力计算,应考虑其对土体沉降变形的影响,而非简单叠加。 相似文献
8.
压力气体在土中之渗透性问题是一个地下工程施工技术所面临的一个新课题。目前,先进国家建设地下铁路,大型地下结构物或大型地下管道系统时多采用盾构法施工。而以压力平衡盾构前端开挖面时,可用水压平衡或气压平衡法。在气压平衡法施工时,如何撑握土壤的稳透气状况非常重要。本文介绍了台北盆地一现场透气实验的步骤和方法,并引入场地透气系数和漏气系数的概念对试验结果加以分析。 相似文献
9.
与土体稳定有关的工程问题诸如挡土结构物上的土压力、地基承载力以及土坡稳定性都与土的极限平衡状态相关 联。将土体一点（单元）的极限平衡条件推广,给出土体沿滑动面的极限平衡条件,证明了该条件的充分必要性。依据该条件,提出了有限元应力分析与极限平衡结合的有限元极限平衡法及土体稳定的安全系数,并明确了安全系数的物理意义,以评价土工结构的稳定性。随后,列举了该方法在土工结构稳定分析中的一些具有代表性的应用,证明了该法是有效的,可以用于分析岩土工程中的稳定问题。 相似文献
10.
砂土液化内部应力变化规律与工程液化判别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以往对砂土液化的研究主要侧重于水平场地、自由应力场条件下有关地基液化机理与判别等问题的研究。通常将Δu=σz=ΔUmax作为地基土液化的判据，而对工程结构物和场地条件的影响考虑不足。基于当前砂土液化问题的研究现状及工程特性，提出了将液化分为理论液化和工程液化。前者主要研究地基土液化的一般规律性问题；后者则针对具体工程结构物而言。其液化标准是以地基土在遭受地震液化时是否会导致工程结构物的破坏为依据。通过对砂土在震动液化过程中内部应力变化规律的理论分析，阐明了水平应力σx或σy对斜坡场地地基土发生侧向液化的作用机理，不能将斜坡场地的地基看作半无限空间体处理，提出了液化膨胀侧扩势Ψ的概念与计算式。指出：对斜坡场地，为避免这种侧向液化流动变形破坏，采取加强可液化土体的侧向约束、缩小偏应力差是必要的。根据工程结构物的承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态，提出工程液化的判别准则：(1)可液化土体的地基强度τ降低到工程结构物所允许的强度值[τ，]；(2)可液化土体的膨胀侧扩势Ψ增加到其侧向约束强度[τh]；(3)可液化土体地基的变形s增大到工程结构物所允许的变形值[s]。 相似文献
11.
Experimental evidence for the dynamics of the formation of the Yinggehai basin, NW South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Yinggehai basin is located on the northwestern shelf of the South China Sea. It is the seaward elongation of the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ). The orientation and rift shape of the Yinggehai basin are mainly controlled by NW-, NNW- and nearly NS-trending basal faults. The depocenter migrated southeastward when the basin developed. The depocenter trended northwest before about 36 Ma, then jumped southward and became nearly N–S trending and migrated toward the southeast up to 21 Ma; thereafter, the depocenter trended northwest again. Based on above and structural evolution in neighbor areas, it is believed that the Yinggehai basin formation was mainly controlled by the extrusion accompanied by clockwise rotation of Indochina. We set up analogue models (thin basal plate model and thick basal plate model) to investigate the evolution of Yinggehai basin. From the experiments, we consider that the basin evolution was related to the extrusion and clockwise rotation of the Indochina block, which was caused by the collision of the Indian plate and Tibet. This process took place in four main stages: (1) Slow rifting stage (before 36 Ma) with a NW-trending depocenter; (2) rifting stage formed by sinistral slip of the Indochina block accompanied by rapid clockwise rotation between 36 and 21 Ma; (3) rifting-thermal subsidence stage affected by sinistral slip of the Indochina (21–5 Ma) block and (4) dextral strike–slip (5–0 Ma). 相似文献
12.
塔里木盆地西北缘库孜贡苏剖面晚白垩世-早中新世沉积物岩石磁学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对塔里木盆地西北缘库孜贡苏剖面晚白垩世-早中新世沉积物进行了热退磁及岩石磁学研究,结果表明岩石热退磁及岩石磁学特征随沉积环境可分为三种类型:潮下、台地边缘浅滩相岩石主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿及少量针铁矿、磁赤铁矿,磁性矿物含量较少、颗粒较小（假单畴）,其天然剩磁强度较小,一般小于1×10-2 A/m,在250℃~500℃能获得稳定特征剩磁方向,特征剩磁由磁铁矿携带;潮间、潮上带岩石主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿,〖JP2〗并含有少量磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿,磁性矿物颗粒为假单畴和多畴,天然剩磁强度一般在1×10-2 ~1 A/m之间,在250℃~580℃能获得稳定特征剩磁方向,特征剩磁由磁铁矿携带;河湖相岩石主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿、赤铁矿,并含有少量磁赤铁矿、针铁矿,磁性矿物含量较多、颗粒较小（假单畴）,天然剩磁强度一般在1×10-1 A/m以上,多数样品特征剩磁由赤铁矿携带,少数由磁铁矿与赤铁矿共同携带。岩石磁学研究对于在沉积环境复杂剖面进行古地磁研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
P. B. Kabanov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(5):493-509
General classifications of Phanerozoic carbonate facies and controlling them factors are reviewed. Three principal carbonate
factories distinguished by W. Schlager (2000, 2003) are the tropical shallow-water, the cool-water, and the mudmound factories.
The general term for facies associations in the first factory is photozoan carbonates. The cool-water factory encompasses
environments producing heterozoan carbonate facies. The mudmound factory is a non-actualistic sedimentary system producing
mound-shape buildups of non-skeletal microbial micrites (also termed automicrites). The benthic carbonate production is controlled
by light, bottom temperature, eutrophication, siliciclastic influx, and the evolution of marine ecosystems. The cyclic alternation
of skeletal associations (“biofacies”) formed under the control of high-amplitude sea level changes is exemplified by the
Moscovian (Carboniferous) epeiric carbonates of the East European Craton. Three principal biofacies associations in this example
are bryonoderm extended (heterozoan), staffellid-syphonean (photozoan). and Meekella-Ortonella (intertidal flat to stagnant
lagoon). 相似文献
14.
Eastern Anatolia consisting of an amalgamation of fragments of oceanic and continental lithosphere is a current active intercontinental contractional zone that is still being squeezed and shortened between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. This collisional and contractional zone is being accompanied by the tectonic escape of most of the Anatolian plate to the west by major strike-slip faulting on the right-lateral North Anatolian Transform Fault Zone (NATFZ) and left-lateral East Anatolian Transform Fault Zone (EATFZ) which meet at Karlıova forming an east-pointing cusp. The present-day crust in the area between the easternmost part of the Anatolian plate and the Arabian Foreland gets thinner from north (ca 44 km) to south (ca 36 km) relative to its eastern (EAHP) and western sides (central Anatolian region). This thinner crustal area is characterized by shallow CPD (12–16 km), very low Pn velocities (< 7.8 km/s) and high Sn attenuation which indicate partially molten to eroded mantle lid or occurrence of asthenospheric mantle beneath the crust. Northernmost margin of the Arabian Foreland in the south of the Bitlis–Pötürge metamorphic gap area is represented by moderate CPD (16–18 km) relative to its eastern and western sides, and low Pn velocities (8 km/s). We infer from the geophysical data that the lithospheric mantle gets thinner towards the Bitlis–Pötürge metamorphic gap area in the northern margin of the Arabian Foreland which has been most probably caused by mechanical removal of the lithospheric mantle during mantle invasion to the north following the slab breakoff beneath the Bitlis–Pötürge Suture Zone. Mantle flow-driven rapid extrusion and counterclockwise rotation of the Anatolian plate gave rise to stretching and hence crustal thinning in the area between the easternmost part of the Anatolian plate and the Arabian Foreland which is currently dominated by wrench tectonics. 相似文献
15.
Doris Reischenbacher Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(2):517-543
The Miocene Lavanttal Basin formed in the Eastern Alps during extrusion of crustal blocks towards the east. In contrast to basins, which formed contemporaneously along the strike-slip faults of the Noric Depression and on top of the moving blocks (Styrian Basin), little is known about the Lavanttal Basin. In this paper geophysical, sedimentological, and structural data are used to study structure and evolution of the Lavanttal Basin. The eastern margin of the 2-km-deep basin is formed by the WNW trending Koralm Fault. The geometry of the gently dipping western basin flank shows that the present-day basin is only a remnant of a former significantly larger basin. Late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases initiated basin formation and deposition of thick fluvial (Granitztal Beds), lacustrine, and marine (Mühldorf Fm.) sediments. The Mühldorf Fm. represents the Lower Badenian cycle TB2.4. Another flooding event caused brackish environments in late Middle Miocene (Early Sarmatian) time, whereas freshwater environments existed in Late Sarmatian time. The coal-bearing Sarmatian succession is subdivided into four fourth-order sequences. The number of sequences suggests that the effect of tectonic subsidence was overruled by sea-level fluctuations during Sarmatian time. Increased relief energy caused by Early Pannonian pull-apart activity initiated deposition of thick fluvial sediments. The present-day shape of the basin is a result of young (Plio-/Pleistocene) basin inversion. In contrast to the multi-stage Lavanttal Basin, basins along the Noric Depression show a single-stage history. Similarities between the Lavanttal and Styrian basins exist in Early Badenian and Early Sarmatian times. 相似文献
16.
Variations in the temperature of the Earth’s surface over the period 1850–2014 are reproduced and analyzed using seven historical calculations in the INM-CM5 climate model following the scenarios suggested for the CMIP6 project of comparison of climate models. In all calculations, the mean surface temperature increased by 0.8 K to the date of final calculation (2014), which is consistent with observations. The periods of accelerated warming (1920–1940 and 1980–2000) and its stabilization (1950–1975 and 2000–2014) are correctly reproduced by the model. The decrease in global warming of 2000–2014, which is hardly reproduced by the models in the CMIP5 experiment, is reproduced due to the more precise scenario of variation in the solar constant of CMIP6 protocols. The spatial structure of warming for last 30 years is also reproduced by the model.
相似文献17.
赣东北朱溪为钦杭成矿带新发现的重要钨铜多金属矿集区,位于钦杭结合带萍（乡）乐（平）坳陷带东部逆冲推覆抬升地段。朱溪矿集区燕山期受逆冲推覆构造影响,形成由新元古界变质基底与上古生界-中生界沉积盖层组成的构造岩片堆叠构造;具有逆冲推覆深断裂带控岩-控矿、碳酸盐岩构造岩片赋矿、燕山晚期浅层对冲构造破矿的构造背景;发育有燕山早期I型花岗闪长（斑）岩钼铜和S型花岗岩钨铜两个岩浆岩成矿系列,在空间上形成张家坞—月形与塔前—朱溪两个矿田、张家坞—毛家园和塔前—朱溪上下两个成岩台阶,下成矿台阶朱溪巨大钨铜矿床的发现打开了钦杭成矿带坳陷区“深地”找矿的一扇窗户。 相似文献
18.
祁连山老虎沟12号冰川表面能量和物质平衡模拟 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
采用HOCK的分布式能量物质平衡模型对老虎沟12号冰川消融期的物质平衡进行了模拟,时间步长为1 h,空间分辨率为30 m. 模型结果利用物质平衡观测数据和气象站观测数据验证,模型模拟时期为2012年6月1日-9月30日. 模型模拟结果表明,地形因子对太阳辐射影响相当显著;散射辐射在总辐射中的比例较大为39%,模拟期冰川表面物质平衡为-506 mm w.e.. 在模拟期整个冰川平均上净辐射占能量收入的84%,感热通量占有16%;消融耗热则是能量的主要支出占有62%,潜热通量占有能量支出的38%. 相似文献
19.
Sedimentation on the Newfoundland rise is strongly influenced by the Western Boundary Undercurrent (WBU). The upper rise (2600-2800 m) is swept by a rapid (ū= 8·5 cm sec?1), south-flowing core of the WBU which has generated a sandy contourite facies characterized by coarse gravelly, sandy sediments; current-induced bedforms such as scour moats, lineations and lee drifts; ferro-manganese-stained gravel clasts; a high proportion of broken foraminiferal tests and a diagnostic benthic foraminiferal assemblage. The overlying nepheloid layer, when compared to adjacent waters, is thickest (800 m), most sediment laden (80 μg 1?1), contains the highest proportion of terrigenous sediment and exhibits the best developed bottom mixed layer (～ 15 m thick). Comparisons with earlier data from the same area imply the dimensions and sediment load of the nepheloid layer vary with time. Empirical considerations, based on near-bottom current meter records from Labrador and Newfoundland, suggest the WBU is capable of transporting bedload with threshold friction velocities (u*) of around 0·87-1·14 cm sec?1 for between 1 and 15% of the time. The prevailing transport direction is southwards along the rise, but this may be punctuated periodically by brief incursions to the north. The erosional regime of the upper rise is bordered by a regime of fine-grained deposition typified by muddy contourites. Both the lower slope and lower rise are mantled by bioturbated muds, the former zone having terrigenous mud and the latter, biogenic calcareous mud. The accompanying nepheloid layer is thin, biogenic-rich and devoid of an identifiable mixed layer. 相似文献
20.
Franti
ek Hrouda 《Tectonophysics》2002,347(4)
The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is often controlled by both ferromagnetic (sensu lato) and paramagnetic minerals. The anisotropy of magnetic remanence (AMR) is solely controlled by ferromagnetic minerals. Jelínek (Trav. Geophys. 37 (1993)) introduced a tensor derived from the isothermal AMR whose normalized form equals the normalized susceptibility tensor provided that the ferromagnetic fraction is represented by multi-domain magnetite. The present paper shows the close correlation between these tensors for a collection of strongly magnetic specimens containing multi-domain magnetite. In addition, acceptable correlation between the tensors was also found for a collection of specimens containing single-domain magnetite. A new method is developed for the AMS resolution into ferromagnetic and paramagnetic components using the AMR. Some examples are presented of this resolution in mafic microgranular enclaves in granodiorite and in gneisses of the KTB borehole. 相似文献