共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
在富水软岩地层中进行盾构掘进施工过程时,围岩应力状态会发生变化。准确掌握其变化规律,有利于采取合适的处置方法,避免发生斜井垮塌涌水和卡盾抱箍等工程事故。以往研究一般只考虑盾构、斜井和软岩中的一个或两个条件,也未对有无渗流两种工况进行对比,并较少涉及不同埋深条件下坡度的影响。文章采用有限元计算模型研究盾构在富水软弱地层中掘进过程中围岩的力学特性,通过选择若干观测断面进行监测,得出软岩整体呈现“横鸭蛋式”椭圆形变化趋势,且顶部比两侧和底部更容易受到施工扰动,在渗流条件下该趋势得到加强;设定5种埋深和5种斜井坡度条件,模拟盾构在掘进过程中不同条件下顶部和侧向监测点的位移,结果显示:盾构洞周拱顶竖向位移一般大于两侧水平位移;当斜井纵坡坡度<4°时,盾构顶部监测点竖向位移与侧向监测点水平位移相差较小,但均随斜井埋深的增大而增大;坡度超过4°后,盾构掘进引起的顶部竖向位移与侧向水平位移间差值随着埋深的增加而逐渐增大。 相似文献
2.
To improve the computational efficiency of the numerical manifold method for discontinuous deformation simulations, a spatial-domain coupled explicit-implicit time integration algorithm is proposed. A subdomain partition algorithm based on a super manifold element is developed for the numerical manifold method to simulate dynamic motions of blocky rock mass. In different subdomains, explicit or implicit time integration method is employed respectively based on its contact and motion status. These subdomains interact through assembling the corresponding explicit or implicit time integration-based matrices of different rock blocks. The computational efficiency of the discontinuity system under dynamic loading is improved by partially diagonalizing the global matrices. Two verification examples of a sliding block along an inclined plane under a horizontal acceleration excitation and a multiblock system acted on by dynamic forces are studied to examine the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, respectively. A highly fractured rock mass situated on an inclined slope subjected to seismic excitations is then studied to show the computational efficiency of the developed algorithm. The simulated results are in good agreement with those from the versions using purely implicit or explicit time integration algorithm for the numerical manifold method. The computational efficiency is shown to be higher using the proposed algorithm, which demonstrates its potential for application in dynamic analysis of highly fractured rock masses. 相似文献
3.
Egor V. Dontsov 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(2):519-529
This study investigates parametric space of solutions for a planar hydraulic fracture propagating in a homogeneous anisotropic rock. It is assumed that the fracture has an elliptical shape and is driven by a power-law fluid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of anisotropy and power-law fluid rheology on the parametric space of solutions. Rock anisotropy is represented by having two values of fracture toughness, one in the vertical direction and another one in the horizontal direction. Similarly, the effect of elastic anisotropy is approximated by using two different effective elastic moduli in the vertical and horizontal directions. In contrast to the isotropic case, for which there are four limiting solutions, the problem for anisotropic rocks features six different limiting cases. These cases represent competition between toughness and viscosity in the vertical and horizontal directions and competition between fluid storage inside the fracture and fluid leak-off into formation. Approximate expressions for the limiting solutions are obtained using global volume balance and tip asymptotic solutions. Despite the developed solutions rely on a series of approximations, they precisely capture all the scaling laws associated with the problem. Zones of applicability of these limiting solutions are calculated, and their dependence on the problem parameters is investigated. 相似文献
4.
赤平投影的程序化方法与实现 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对于存在构造面岩石边坡的稳定分析 ,赤平投影方法是一种行之有效的方法 ,但是赤平投影理论较为抽象 ,图解方法较为繁琐 ,手工绘制误差较大 ,因此编制了赤平投影程序 ,能够很方便、准确地进行边坡稳定性判断。 相似文献
5.
川藏铁路地处青藏高原东部高山峡谷地区,传统垂直钻孔勘探难以满足工程沿线深埋大隧道的勘探需求,采用水平孔取心钻进可以很好地解决这个问题。通过优选钻进设备与工具,制定合理的钻进工艺与泥浆技术措施,形成了一种千米级水平孔绳索取心钻进技术,成功应用于川藏铁路卡子拉山一号隧道水平孔,完成了1212 m水平绳索取心定向钻孔施工任务,查明陡倾岩层3条断层和19处节理破碎带,全孔平均岩心采取率高达97.76%,钻孔各项指标优良。实践证明,千米级水平孔绳索取心钻进技术能够满足川藏铁路深埋大隧道的勘探需求,直观查明隧道洞身段地层岩性、陡倾岩层构造、水文地质条件等情况,为铁路勘查设计提供地质支撑。 相似文献
6.
含双裂隙岩石裂纹演化机理的离散元数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用离散单元法探讨了预制双裂隙岩石的裂纹演化机理。用近期从试验资料提取的无胶结厚度含抗转动能力的岩石微观力学模型和相应的离散单元法商业软件,模拟了含不同预制倾角的双裂隙岩石试样在单轴压缩作用下裂纹的扩展与贯通规律,揭示了裂纹演化的宏微观机理。同时,将离散元法DEM岩石试样的裂纹的扩展和贯通规律以及强度特性与室内试验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,预制裂隙之间以及端点处的拉应力集中是导致裂隙岩石破坏的主要原因,且DEM数值试验得到裂纹的演化规律与室内试验结果较为一致。含30°的预制裂隙的岩石试样最容易起裂,含75°的预制裂隙的岩石试样最困难起裂,造成此种现象的原因可能是裂纹在垂直于主应力方向上的长度不同导致试样受拉区域大小不同。 相似文献
7.
Wenhui Tan P. H. S. W. Kulatilake Hongbao Sun 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(1):31-42
In-situ stress plays a major role with respect to deformation and stability around underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth. Many sedimentary rock masses are more or less horizontally bedded. However, a possibility exists to have one or few inclined rock strata such as dikes in these horizontally bedded formations. It is important to know how the in situ stress changes from a purely horizontally bedded situation to a horizontally bedded rock mass that contains one or few inclined rock strata. This paper presents such an investigation using the largest open-pit metal mine in China—as a case study. This mine has a bedded rock mass with one steeply inclined rock stratum. For the bedded rock mass, the vertical stress was calculated based on the overburden above each lithology. The available in situ stress measurements conducted at the mine were used to estimate the ratios of horizontal to vertical stress. Numerical modeling was performed for the two scenarios: (a) the horizontally bedded system subjected to both the in situ and boundary stresses and (b) the mine lithological system that includes an inclined stiffer (denser) stratum intruding softer horizontally bedded system subjected to only boundary stresses to investigate the influence of an inclined rock stratum on the computed stress field. Thirty points were selected to compute the stresses on six planes of the inclined rock stratum. Due to the discontinuous nature of the geologic system at the interface between the stiffer inclined stratum and softer horizontally bedded system, one principal stress has become normal to the interface plane and the other two have become parallel to the interface plane with all three being perpendicular to each other. Presence of the stiffer inclined rock stratum has given rise to (a) increase in normal stresses up to about 120 % in the inclined rock stratum and (b) new shear stresses approximately in the range ?10.0 to 15.0 MPa. This means, because most of the rock masses are not purely horizontally bedded, estimation of in situ stress through measurements as well as application of in situ stress in numerical modeling associated with underground or surficial excavations located at significant depth is a difficult exercise. A better way to estimate the in situ stresses for complex geologic systems may be through application of appropriate boundary stresses to the geologic system in a numerical model. 相似文献
8.
平行层状岩体的自重应力场 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
将平行层状复合岩体视为等效的模观各向同性体，推导出自重荷载下地应力的理论解，并分析了两个水平主应力受岩层倾角和岩体弹性参数的影响，结果表明，与各向同性岩体相比，水平主应力的变化范围增大了，并且两上水平主应力可能不再相等，而岩层倾角对水平主应力之比影响显著，当倾角从0－90度变化时，两个水平主应力能从相等到相差内倍，这也说明在地应力研究中，考察岩体的各向异性是十分必要的，所导出的自重应力场解答对地下工程问题具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
9.
H. Bock 《Engineering Geology》1979,14(4):241-254
The subject under investigation is the strength of a single shear plane which exhibits a regular, asymmetric roughness pattern. In the shear direction the asperities are so steeply inclined that the joint becomes mechanically non-effective with the result that the asperities are sheared off. Against the shear direction the asperities are only gently inclined. It is shown that this particular roughness pattern is of some general importance in geomechanics (examples: unconfined compression test; shear plane with secondary fractures).
Simple analytical considerations allow the formulation of a shear criterion, which is dependent on friction angle øm and cohesioncm of the intact rock and on the inclination γ of the gently inclined parts of the asperities which are dipping against the shear direction. In the Mohr-diagram the criterion results in envelopes which converge at high normal stresses against the envelope of intact rock. Furthermore, the criterion expresses that both the slope of the envelopes and the dilation angle continuously decrease with increasing normal stress. Therefore the criterion adequately describes features which are regarded as most important when shearing rough joints or compound shear surfaces. 相似文献
10.
基于有限元方法,以水平软弱地基为参考,对比分析了倾斜软弱地基上路堤分阶段填筑过程中的水平位移、竖向沉降、稳定性等参量的变化规律。分析表明：当地基倾斜时,水平位移沿倾斜面向下发展,并在下坡脚处取得最大值,这明显不同于地基水平情况下水平位移基本按中心轴对称分布的规律。倾斜软弱地基的破坏模式为沿地基倾斜方向向下滑裂破坏,其稳定性明显低于水平软弱地基。计算还表明,抗滑桩使地基体内水平位移增量大大减小,抗滑桩后方的水平位移增量急剧降低。抗滑桩约束了倾斜地基体内水平位移的发展,阻碍了路堤沿地基倾斜方向向下滑裂破坏的趋势,提高了路堤的稳定性,是一种加固倾斜软弱地基的有效方法。 相似文献
11.
天然裂缝对页岩气储集和渗流有重要影响,但目前对页岩构造裂缝研究不够深入。本文通过露头、岩心裂缝观察和分析,探讨了渝东南下古生界页岩构造裂缝类型、形成机理及分布控制因素。基于裂缝特征及力学成因,将剪切裂缝分为高角度剪切裂缝、倾斜滑脱裂缝和水平滑脱裂缝。倾斜滑脱裂缝是在上覆岩层重力和水平构造应力共同作用下沿应力集中的软弱面发生剪切滑动形成,水平滑脱裂缝是在构造挤压应力作用条件下主要沿页理面方向的剪切或层间滑动形成;页理发育程度及岩层曲率是控制水平滑脱裂缝形成的关键因素,岩石矿物组成、构造作用及岩层厚度是控制其它类型构造裂缝形成和分布的主要因素,页岩岩石力学层的划分需要根据裂缝特征、岩性变化特征、岩石力学参数及沉积界面等综合确定,岩层厚度与层间构造裂缝密度呈负相关关系。 相似文献
12.
Uplift Capacity of Horizontal Strip Anchors in Cohesionless Soil 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents the details of the theoretical analysis of net uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchor in cohesionless soil using Kötter’s equation. A plane failure surface inclined at a characteristic angle with the ground surface is assumed. Results obtained using the proposed method are compared with the available experimental results of 30 cases for dense to loose cohesionless soil, with the maximum embedment ratio of 8. It is observed that the proposed method leads to the predictions of net uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchor that are very close to the experimental results in 93% cases. The comparison of results with available theoretical solutions shows that, proposed method makes better predictions for anchor embedment ratio less than 8 in dense cohesionless soils. 相似文献
13.
三层倾斜层的电测深曲线正演计算与解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文是探讨三层倾斜层的直流电测深问题。文中通过三层倾斜层的数学模型,就各种参数(第一、二倾斜层的倾角及各倾斜层的电阻率值变化,测线平行、正交、斜交于倾斜层走向)进行了大量的电测深正演计算,并对正演计算结果加以探讨。计算结果表明,其值与三层水平层测深结果有较大的差别,如曲线的尾支渐近值差异,垂直倾斜层走向布极的测深曲线产生畸变,以及在某些地电参数下,测深曲线无法正确地反映地下的地电断面等。因此,在野外实际工作中,对于利用三层水平层的理论计算结果来解释三层倾斜层时,必须注意其解释误差。 相似文献
14.
Abtin Jahanbakhshzadeh Michel Aubertin Li Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):1151-1167
There are several good reasons for using backfill in underground stopes, including a reduction of mine wastes on the surface and the improvement of ground stability. Backfilling is now commonly used in underground operations worldwide, so practical methods are required to assess the stress state in stopes, on the surrounding rock mass and on support structures. The majority of existing analytical solutions for the stresses have been developed for vertical openings. In practice, stopes often have inclined walls, and this affects the stress state. Recent numerical studies have shown how the stresses distribution in inclined backfilled stopes is influenced by stope geometry and backfill strength. It has also been shown that existing analytical solutions do not capture the essential tendencies regarding these influence factors. In this paper, a new solution is proposed for the vertical and horizontal stresses in backfilled stopes with inclined walls. This solution takes into account the variation of the stresses along the opening height and width, including the difference between the hanging wall and footwall, for various inclination angles of the walls. Key results are presented and validated using recently performed numerical simulations. 相似文献
15.
16.
龙游石窟是一个大型的古地下洞室群,具有重要科学和文物价值。为论证古人在龙游石窟23号古地下洞室的洞口设置23-1号斜坡柱的科学性,开展了稳定问题的相关研究。通过对23号洞的地形地貌、地层、构造、地震等方面开展现场地质调查、三维激光扫描和电镜扫描、X射线衍射试验,分析了23-1号斜坡柱岩体的微观性质。结合岩石的物理力学试验和数值反分析方法,反演分析获得了23-1号斜坡柱的物理力学参数。在以上研究的基础上,通过采用假想相同平均截面,同体积的直立岩柱代替原有的23-1号斜坡柱,利用FLAC3D软件对比分析了两种不同岩柱的洞体力学特征。研究结果证明了古人设置23-1号斜坡柱明显优于直立的同体积岩柱,有利于洞室的稳定性,由此论证了古人设置倾斜岩柱的科学性。这一科学发现对现代采矿工程、地下空间的开发与利用、岩土工程的设计与施工具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
17.
西南地区常见碎石土-基岩斜坡地基,在此类地基上的嵌岩桩基础,其上覆土层、嵌固段基岩多为倾斜。然而岩石试样中结构面倾角改变时,岩石试样的强度也随之发生变化。故当嵌固段基岩存在层面且层面具有倾角时,往往对桩基的水平承载特性影响很大,所以基岩层面是影响嵌岩桩水平承载性能的主要因素之一。本文采用物理模型试验,通过改变嵌固段基岩层面倾角,得出嵌固段基岩不同层面倾角对于桩顶位移,桩身内力的发展规律,进而研究其对水平受荷嵌岩桩承载性能的影响。试验结果表明:在碎石土-层状基岩斜坡地基场地中,嵌固段基岩存在层面会降低嵌岩桩水平承载性能。相对于完整基岩,嵌固段层状基岩存在水平层面时,临界荷载下降了17%、最大弯矩值下降了23%、最大剪力值下降了37.5%;而嵌固段基层层面为倾斜时,嵌岩桩水平承载性能下降的更多,且层面倾角为逆向30°时比顺向30°更加不利于嵌岩桩的水平受荷;桩身最大弯矩点与最大剪力点位置随嵌固段层状基岩倾角变化影响比较小,最大弯矩点位置几乎没有变化,最大剪力点位置在嵌固段基岩层面为顺向30°与逆向30°时下降了1倍桩径。该项研究可为在不同层面倾角下的层状岩体斜坡地基上受水平荷载的嵌岩桩设计作一定的指导。 相似文献
18.
软弱基座型斜坡崩滑在我国西南山区及三峡库区是一种较为常见的地质灾害。下伏软岩在上部硬岩重力作用和外营力地质作用下产生压缩变形,向临空方向塑性流动,导致上部硬岩拉裂,进一步发展演变为崩滑。贵州某斜坡为一典型缓倾内软弱基座斜坡,上部为灰岩形成高度约150m陡崖,下部为厚度大于150m泥岩形成的缓坡。调查发现上部硬岩坡肩部位产生多条深大拉裂,坡肩局部发生过多次崩塌落石现象,斜坡变形仍在继续。本文采用有限元数值模拟和底摩擦物理模拟相结合的方法,分析了该斜坡坡体内应力、变形分布特征和发展过程,在此基础上研究软弱基座型斜坡的变形破坏机制,为软弱基座斜坡崩滑地质灾害防治提供理论支撑。研究结果表明,缓倾内具软弱基座的斜坡变形破坏机制表现为压缩（塑流）拉裂剪断三段式滑坡。 相似文献
19.
目前,场地影响评价方法可以分为理论法和经验法。地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比法属经验法。这种方法将地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比的最大值对应的频率和幅值分别看作是观测场地的卓越频率和放大因子。虽然该法在国内外很多工程实例中得到了理想的结果。但由于这种方法建立过程中应用了许多假设,所以很多地震工程学家对这种方法持怀疑态度。本文讨论了基岩地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比为1这一假定的合理性。并采用泊松弹性半空间模型,应用概率分析方法考虑地脉动的随机性,推导了地下体波斜入射弹性半空间自由表面形成地脉动的水平分量与竖向分量谱比表达式。通过计算论证体波斜入射泊松弹性半空间形成的地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比特性。结果表明：当地脉动主要成分为体波时,基岩表面地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比接近于1;当地脉动主要成分为面波时,基岩表面地脉动水平分量与竖向分量谱比介于0.54～0.79之间。对泊松基岩,该比值是0.68。 相似文献
20.
倾倒破坏是陡倾层状岩体边坡一类主要的变形破坏形式,地震作用下岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏分析具有重要的工程指导意义。基于块体极限平衡,针对岩块长细比较大的情况,推导出了地震作用下岩质边坡倾倒破坏的一般解析解。对于简单的反倾边坡,给出了地震作用下倾倒破坏的显式解析解,并推导了岩块间法向力、破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力计算公式。通过4个典型算例研究了地震作用对反倾边坡破坏模式、倾倒破坏时所允许的最大陡倾节理视倾角、破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力的影响,为反倾边坡的抗震支护设计提供了理论基础。最后,根据地震影响系数与破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力的定量关系对比分析了解析法与传递系数法,结果显示,当岩块长细比大于20时,解析法具有足够的计算精度。 相似文献