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1.
1985国家高程基准相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
局部高程基准通常由一个 (或多个 )验潮站所测的当地平均海面确定。由于海面地形的客观存在 ,人们已经认识到当地平均海面与大地水准面的差异可能达 2m之多。为了获得这一垂直偏差 ,很有必要确定当地平均海面和全球大地水准面上的重力位值。提出了利用全球重力场模型和GPS/水准资料计算局部高程基准相对全球大地水准面垂直偏差的 2种不同方法。我国目前采用的 1 985国家高程基准 ,由青岛验潮站所处黄海平均海面 1 95 2～ 1 979年的验潮记录计算得到。利用全球重力场模型和分布全国大陆范围的GPS/水准数据 ,计算了 1 985高程基准与大地水准面的垂直偏差。结果表明 1 985国家高程基准点的重力位值为( 62 63685 3.40± 0 .1 3)m2 s- 2 ,这比重力位W0 =( 62 63685 6.0± 0 .5 )m2 s- 2 隐含的大地水准面高 ( 0 .2 6± 0 .0 5 )m。 相似文献
2.
高分辨率厘米级局部大地水准面的典型应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
介绍了香港大地水准面HKGEOID_2 0 0 0和深圳市高分辨率、高精度似大地水准面SZGEOID_2 0 0 0。利用HKGEOID_2 0 0 0和GPS椭球高求得的正常高与香港地区由三角高程测量得到的“正常高 (或本地高 )”进行比较 ,结果表明 ,其差值的均方根为 0 .1 0 2m ,标准差 (STD)为± 3 .4cm。结合HKGEOID_2 0 0 0、SZGEOID_2 0 0 0和这两个大地水准面模型重复覆盖地区的高精度GPS水准数据 ,探测这两个大地水准面模型之间的差异和香港主要高程基准面 (HKPD)与我国 1 95 6黄海高程基准面之间的系统偏差。 相似文献
3.
《测绘文摘》2002,(4)
CH20023004 1985国家高程基准相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差/焦文海,魏子卿,马欣,孙中苗,李迎春∥测绘学报.—2002,31(3).—196～200 提出利用全球重力场模型和GPS/水准资料计算局部高程基准相对全球大地水准面垂直偏差的2种不同方法。我国目前采用的1985国家高程基准,由青岛验潮站所处黄海平均海面1952—1979年的验潮记录计算得到。利用全球重力场模型和分布全国大陆范围的GPS/水准数据,计算了1985高程基准与大地水准面的垂直偏差。结果表明:1985国家高程基准点的重力位值为(62636853.40±0.13)m~2s~(-1),这比重力位W_0=(62636856.0±0.5)m~2s~(-2)隐含的大地水准面高(0.26±0.05)m。图1表2参5 CH20023005 全国高分辨率格网地形和均衡改正的确定/郭春喜,王惠民,王斌(国家测绘局大地测量数据处理中心)…∥测绘学报.—2002,31(3).—201～205 相似文献
4.
为解决世界各国高程基准差异的问题,提出联合卫星重力场模型、地面重力数据、GNSS大地高、局部高程基准的正高或正常高,按大地边值问题法确定局部高程基准重力位差的方法。首先推导了利用传统地面"有偏"重力异常确定高程基准重力位差的方法;接着利用改化Stokes核函数削弱"有偏"重力异常的影响,并联合卫星重力场模型和地面"有偏"重力数据,得到独立于任何局部高程基准的重力水准面,以此来确定局部高程基准重力位差;最后利用GNSS+水准数据和重力大地水准面确定了美国高程基准与全球高程基准W0的重力位差为-4.82±0.05 m2s-2。 相似文献
5.
《测绘学报》2016,(7)
利用不同重力场模型(EIGEN-6C4、EGM2008)和海面高模型(DNSC08、DTU10、DTU13)确定了全球平均海面重力位均值62 636 856.550 7 m~2s~(-2),加入海面地形改正后得到全球大地水准面重力位均值62 636 858.179 0 m~2 s~(-2)。联合EGM2008模型与全国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据,根据异常位法、正常高反算法以及高程异常差法,分别计算了我国1 985高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差,并对3种垂直偏差结果通过加权方法进行了改善。最后,利用两种方法对垂直偏差结果的合理性与正确性进行验证。结果表明我国高程基准面高于全球平均海面0.298 0 m,高于全球大地水准面0.464 2 m。 相似文献
6.
全球高程基准统一是继全球大地测量坐标系及其参考基准统一之后,大地测量学科面临和亟待解决的一个重要问题,也是全球空间信息共享与交换的基础。本文针对区域高程基准与全球高程基准间基准差异确定的理论、方法及实际问题开展研究。利用物理大地测量高程系统的经典理论方法,给出了高程基准差异的定义,并推导了计算基准差异的严密公式,该公式可将高程基准差异确定的现有3种方法统一起来。在此基础上,分析顾及了不同椭球参数对于计算基准差异的影响及量级,同时,高程异常差法还需考虑全球高程基准重力位与模型计算大地水准面位值不一致引起的零阶项改正。利用青岛原点附近152个GPS水准点数据,分别选择GRS80、WGS-84、CGCS2000参考椭球以及EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4、SGG-UGM-1模型,采用位差法和高程异常差法,确定了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准的差异。其中,EIGEN-6C4模型计算的我国高程基准与WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准之间的差异约为-23.1cm。也就是说,我国高程基准低于采用WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准,当选取基于平均海面确定的Gauss-Listing大地水准面作为全球高程基准时,我国1985高程基准高于全球基准约21.0cm。从计算结果还可看出,当前重力场模型在青岛周边不同GPS/水准点的精度差别依然较大,这会导致选择不同数据对确定我国85国家高程基准与全球基准之间的差异影响较大,因此,若要实现厘米级精度区域高程基准与全球高程基准的统一,全球重力场模型的精度和可靠性还需要进一步提高。 相似文献
7.
《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(4)
南极蕴含着无数科学之谜和资源信息,已成为科学研究的热点区域之一。许多国家和组织争相在南极建立科考站,由于缺乏统一的高程基准,一切与高程相关的信息都无法精确确定和统一。充分利用GNSS大地边值问题不受局部高程基准限制的特点,在概述GNSS/重力法的基本原理和方法基础上,利用收集的南极中山站GNSS/水准、重力等数据,基于EGM2008和EIGEN-6C4两种地球重力场模型分别计算了南极中山站高程基准相对于国家1985高程基准的垂直偏差。结果表明,南极中山站高程基准与全球高程基准的垂直偏差为-1.455 m,与国家1985高程基准的垂直偏差为-1.759 m,这将为南极测绘地理信息提供更为精确的全球尺度高程基准参考,对更加精确预测南极冰川消融对低海拔地区造成的影响具有重要价值。 相似文献
8.
利用不同重力场模型（EIGEN-6C4、EGM2008）和海面高模型（DNSC08、DTU10、DTU13）确定了全球平均海面重力位均值62 636 856.550 7 m2s-2,加入海面地形改正后得到全球大地水准面重力位均值62 636 858.179 0 m2s-2。联合EGM2008模型与全国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据,根据异常位法、正常高反算法以及高程异常差法,分别计算了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差,并对3种垂直偏差结果通过加权方法进行了改善。最后,利用两种方法对垂直偏差结果的合理性与正确性进行验证。结果表明我国高程基准面高于全球平均海面0.298 0 m,高于全球大地水准面0.464 2 m。 相似文献
9.
从高程系统定义出发,探讨高程基准面的重力等位性质,测试分析不同类型高程系统地面点高程之间的差异,考察GNSS代替水准与实际水准测量成果的一致性,进而提出新的GNSS代替水准算法。主要结论包括:(1)当精度要求达到厘米级水平时,正常高的基准面也应是大地水准面。中国国家1985高程基准采用正常高系统,其高程基准面是过青岛零点的大地水准面。(2)近地空间中等解析正高面与大地水准面平行,GNSS代替水准能直接测定地面点的解析正高,但正常高系统更有利于描述地势和地形起伏。(3)本文给出的GNSS代替水准测定近地点正常高算法,大地高误差对正常高结果的影响比大地水准面误差大,前者影响约为后者的1.5倍。 相似文献
10.
11.
A geodetic boundary value problem (GBVP) approach has been formulated which can be used for solving the problem of height
datum unification. The developed technique is applied to a test area in Southwest Finland with approximate size of 1.5° ×
3° and the bias of the corresponding local height datum (local geoid) with respect to the geoid is computed. For this purpose
the bias-free potential difference and gravity difference observations of the test area are used and the offset (bias) of
the height datum, i.e., Finnish Height Datum 2000 (N2000) fixed to Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) as origin point, with respect
to the geoid is computed. The results of this computation show that potential of the origin point of N2000, i.e., NAP, is
(62636857.68 ± 0.5) (m2/s2) and as such is (0.191 ± 0.003) (m) under the geoid defined by W
0 = 62636855.8 (m2/s2). As the validity test of our methodology, the test area is divided into two parts and the corresponding potential difference
and gravity difference observations are introduced into our GBVP separately and the bias of height datums of the two parts
are computed with respect to the geoid. Obtaining approximately the same bias values for the height datums of the two parts
being part of one height datum with one origin point proves the validity of our approach. Besides, the latter test shows the
capability of our methodology for patch-wise application. 相似文献
12.
Global height system unification with GOCE: a simulation study on the indirect bias term in the GBVP approach 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
One of the main objectives of ESA’s Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation mission, 1999) is to allow global unification of height systems by directly providing potential differences between benchmarks in different height datum zones. In other words, GOCE provides a globally consistent and unbiased geoid. If this information is combined with ellipsoidal (derived from geodetic space techniques) and physical heights (derived from leveling/gravimetry) at the same benchmarks, datum offsets between the datum zones can be determined and all zones unified. The expected accuracy of GOCE is around 2–3 cm up to spherical harmonic degree n max ≈ 200. The omission error above this degree amounts to about 30 cm which cannot be neglected. Therefore, terrestrial residual gravity anomalies are necessary to evaluate the medium and short wavelengths of the geoid, i.e. one has to solve the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP). The theory of height unification by the GBVP approach is well developed, see e.g. Colombo (A World Vertical Network. Report 296, Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, 1980) or Rummel and Teunissen (Bull Geod 62:477–498, 1988). Thereby, it must be considered that terrestrial gravity anomalies referring to different datum zones are biased due to the respective datum offsets. Consequently, the height reference surface of a specific datum zone deviates from the unbiased geoid not only due to its own datum offset (direct bias term) but is also indirectly affected by the integration of biased gravity anomalies. The latter effect is called the indirect bias term and it considerably complicates the adjustment model for global height unification. If no satellite based gravity model is employed, this error amounts to about the same size as the datum offsets, i.e. 1–2 m globally. We show that this value decreases if a satellite-only gravity model is used. Specifically for GOCE with n max ≈ 200, the error can be expected not to exceed the level of 1 cm, allowing the effect to be neglected in practical height unification. The results are supported by recent findings by Gatti et al. (J Geod, 2012). 相似文献
13.
Unification of New Zealand’s local vertical datums: iterative gravimetric quasigeoid computations 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
New Zealand uses 13 separate local vertical datums (LVDs) based on geodetic levelling from 12 different tide-gauges. We describe
their unification using a regional gravimetric quasigeoid model and GPS-levelling data on each LVD. A novel application of
iterative quasigeoid computation is used, where the LVD offsets computed from earlier models are used to apply additional
gravity reductions from each LVD to that model. The solution converges after only three iterations yielding LVD offsets ranging
from 0.24 to 0.58 m with an average standard deviation of ±0.08 m. The so-computed LVD offsets agree, within expected data
errors, with geodetically levelled height differences at common benchmarks between adjacent LVDs. This shows that iterated
quasigeoid models have a role in vertical datum unification. 相似文献
14.
We present a combined approach for the realization of the (quasi-)geoid as a height reference surface and the vertical reference surface at sea (chart datum). This approach, specifically designed for shallow seas and coastal waters, provides the relation between the two vertical reference surfaces without gaps down to the coast. It uses a regional hydrodynamic model, which, after vertical referencing, provides water levels relative to a given (quasi-)geoid. Conversely, the hydrodynamic model is also used to realize a (quasi-)geoid by providing corrections to the dynamic sea surface topography, which are used to reduce radar altimeter-derived sea surface heights to the (quasi-)geoid. The coupled problem of vertically referencing the hydrodynamic model and computing the (quasi-)geoid is solved iteratively. After convergence of the iteration process, the vertically referenced hydrodynamic model is used to realize the chart datum. In this way, consistency between the chart datum and (quasi-)geoid is ensured. We demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this approach for the Dutch mainland and North Sea. We show that in the Dutch part of the North Sea, the differences between modeled and observed instantaneous and mean dynamic sea surface topography is 8–10 and 5.8 cm, respectively. On land, we show that the methodology provides a quasi-geoid which has a lower standard deviation (SD) than the European Gravimetric Geoid 2008 (EGG08) and the official Netherlands quasi-geoid NLGEO2004-grav when compared to GPS-levelling data. The root mean square at 81 GPS-levelling points is below 1.4 cm; no correction surface is needed. Finally, we show that the chart datum (lowest astronomical tide, LAT) agrees with the observed chart datum at 92 onshore tide gauges to within 21.5 cm (SD). 相似文献
15.
高程基准是高程测定的依据,由于一些客观原因的存在,目前定义的高程基准只具有局部性特征,而不是全球统一的高程基准。本文针对目前高程基准不统一的现状,分析了现有高程基准统一的几种方法,对其原理进行系统阐述,同时进行了详细评价,指出几种方法的优劣以及适用范围,以期为实际应用提供参考。 相似文献
16.
17.
海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面的拟合问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了将陆地重力似大地水准面与GPS水；住似大地水准面拟合的处理方法推广到海洋的问题．首先从理论上证明了当存在海面地形．则海洋大地水准面与似大地水准面不重合．导出了在海洋上大地水；住面差距与高程异常之间差值的公式．由此给出了求定平均海面相对于区域高程基准的正常高以及测高似大地水准面的计算公式。由于测高平均海面与GPS大地高有相近的精度．提出了将海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面拟合的处理方法．并利用当前最新的海面地形模型和测高平均海面模型做了数值估计。 相似文献
18.
区域参考框架是实现高精度区域大地形变观测和滑坡灾害长期监测的基础设施。结合活动地块的划分和长期的GNSS观测结果,笔者将我国大陆和海域初步划分为7个“刚性骨架地块”,简称“刚性地块”,拟建立覆盖我国陆海全域的区域参考框架系列:东北、华北、华南、西北、青藏、川滇及南海参考框架。本文介绍了从全球参考框架(IGS14)到区域参考框架的坐标转换方法,并例举了华北参考框架(NChina20)和华南参考框架(SChina20)在滑坡长期监测和滑坡初动自动识别领域的应用。 相似文献