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1.
青海省祁连山冻土区天然气水合物存在的主要证据 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
2008年冬季和2009年夏天首次在我国陆域祁连山冻土区钻获到天然气水合物实物样品。野外直接观察到白色冰状天然气水合物与点火燃烧现象及其他明显的异常现象,如含天然气水合物岩心表面强烈地冒气泡、渗出水珠、没入水中冒出长串气泡、井中释放异常压力气体、密闭条件下解析出异常含量气体、岩心晾干后留下重烃斑迹、残余细蜂窝状构造、伴生晶型完好的菱形自生方解石矿物、热红外低温异常等现象;室内激光拉曼光谱检测到天然气水合物笼状体峰及其包含的烃类气体峰,宏观地球物理测井曲线上显示含天然气水合物岩心段存在明显偏高的电阻率和声波速度异常。祁连山冻土区天然气水合物及其异常现象主要产出在冻土层下130~400 m之间的细砂岩孔隙与裂隙中及泥岩、油页岩、粉砂岩等裂隙中。 相似文献
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祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩性和分布特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2008~2009年实施的“祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程”,已完成DK-1、DK-2、DK-3和DK-4孔的钻探任务。施工期间多次钻获天然气水合物实物样品,证实祁连山冻土区存在天然气水合物。祁连山冻土区天然气水合物主要以裂隙型和孔隙型2种状态产出。基于天然气水合物存在的10个方面的特征,认为天然气水合物赋存层位主要为中侏罗统江仓组,产于冻土层之下,主要储集于133.0~396.0m区间,储集层岩性多以粉砂岩、油页岩、泥岩和细砂岩为主,含少量中砂岩。钻孔中天然气水合物纵向分布不具有连续性,钻孔间横向分布规律不明显。岩石质量指标(RQD)统计结果显示,RQD低值区与天然气水合物储集层段具有较好的一致性,表明裂缝系统对于该区天然气水合物的分布具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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祁连山冻土区天然气水合物及其基本特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
2008年11月5日, 由中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、勘探技术研究所和青海煤炭地质局105勘探队施工的“祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程”DK-1孔取得重大突破, 成功钻获天然气水合物实物样品。这是我国冻土区首次钻获并检测出的天然气水合物实物样品, 也是世界上第一次在中低纬度高原冻土区发现的天然气水合物, 具有重要的科学、经济和环境意义。目前钻获的天然气水合物均产于冻土层之下, 产出深度133~396 m, 其层位属于中侏罗统江仓组。水合物以薄层状、片状、团块状赋存于粉砂岩、泥岩、油页岩的裂隙中, 或以浸染状赋存于细粉砂岩的孔隙中。祁连山冻土区天然气水合物具有埋深浅、冻土层 薄、气体组分复杂、以煤层气为主等特征, 应是一种新类型水合物。 相似文献
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青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物资源量的估算方法——以钻探区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
祁连山冻土区天然气水合物DK-1、DK-2、DK-3、DK-4号钻孔揭示,该区天然气水合物及其异常主要产出于破碎岩层裂隙中和砂岩孔隙中,根据不同的赋存类型分别赋予具体地质含义,并运用体积法建立了2种产状天然气水合物资源量的计算方法。基于野外地质观测统计数据和室内分析测试结果,在钻探区约40×104m2的范围内,计算得到砂岩孔隙中的天然气水合物资源量约为6.24×104m3天然气,破碎岩层裂隙中的天然气水合物资源量约为88×104m3天然气,总的资源量约为94.2×104m3天然气。可以看出,钻探区中产于破碎岩层裂隙中的天然气水合物资源量是主体,这与钻探中肉眼观察的结果一致。 相似文献
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祁连山冻土区天然气水合物现场识别方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物是一种赋存在低温、高压条件下,陆上永久冻土区和海底沉积物中的规模巨大的新型能源。在冻土区的天然气水合物研究过程中,钻探取样和天然气水合物岩芯研究仍是识别和推断天然气水合物最直接有效的方法。因此,如何在钻探现场快速有效地识别出天然气水合物及相关异常特征就显得极其重要。近几年在祁连山天然气水合物勘探过程中,探索性地总结出适用于冻土区的天然气水合物现场识别方法,主要包括肉眼观测、孔口气涌观测、岩芯红外测温、岩芯裂隙孔隙水盐度测定、岩芯气体解析与组分测定和岩芯次生构造与伴生矿物鉴别等方法。利用该套现场识别方法和随钻岩芯编录,有效地查明了祁连山冻土区天然气水合物在岩芯中的产状和分布特征,为该区天然气水合物资源评价和试开采试验提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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天然气水合物是一种新型的潜在能源,广泛分布于大陆边缘海底沉积物和陆上永久冻土带中。2008年,在祁连山冻土区首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品。2010年,在木里地区开展了反射地震方法探测天然气水合物的试验研究,通过综合分析解释反射地震资料和地质资料,初步认为含天然气水合物介质形成的反射波在地震剖面上具有低速、弱振幅、高频的特征。在成藏机制上,天然气水合物的分布与深部断裂破碎带有关,天然气沿深部断裂构造向上运移,并受冻土层的封闭而富集,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物矿藏。 相似文献
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祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探试验井中侏罗统的沉积学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物钻井(DK-3)岩心进行了沉积学分析。根据对钻井地层特征、粒度、矿物含量的综合分析,在DK-3钻井揭露的中侏罗统中识别出4种沉积相类型,并完成了沉积微相的划分。伴随地层由老到新,沉积环境由最初发育的辫状河过渡到相对稳定的湖泊(辫状河→湖泊→曲流河三角洲→湖泊)。在133~156m和225.1~240m井段的岩层中发现的天然气水合物,主要呈薄层状分布于岩石裂隙面上;而在367.7~396m井段,天然气水合物除存在于岩石裂隙中外,在砂岩孔隙中亦大量存在。天然气水合物的产出与沉积环境、构造条件有着密切的联系。 相似文献
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青海木里地区天然气水合物反射地震试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物是一种新型潜在能源,广泛分布于大陆边缘海底沉积物和陆上永久冻土带中。2008年,在我国祁连山冻土区首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品。2010年,作者在木里地区开展了反射地震方法探测天然气水合物的试验研究,通过综合分析解释反射地震和测井及地质资料,初步认为含天然气水合物介质形成的反射波在地震剖面上具有低速、弱振幅、高频的特征。在成藏机制上,天然气水合物的分布与深部断裂破碎带有关,天然气沿深部断裂构造向上运移,并受冻土层的封闭而富集,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物矿藏。 相似文献
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在放置于恒温室内的真空装置内,对合成的冰粉-气体水合物(包括甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷-氮气、异丁烷、混合气水合物)、冰粉-不同粒度多孔介质甲烷水合物和祁连山冻土区及南海神狐海域天然气水合物进行了分解实验研究,初步探讨了不同气体水合物分解动力学特征和分解规律。实验结果表明,合成的冰粉-气体水合物的分解过程相似,除丙烷水合物和异丁烷水合物外,分解压力基本呈单调增长,均未出现明显的自保护效应;不同粒度多孔介质中甲烷水合物分解过程,压力增长呈现“快→慢→快”的特点,主要原因可能是多孔介质中的水合物尺寸较大,分解时更易产生自保护效应;祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的分解压力曲线与不同粒度多孔介质中甲烷水合物的相似,总体呈现“快→慢→快”的特点,水合物自保护效应明显;南海神狐海域天然气水合物分解气体压力变化虽然总体与祁连山冻土区天然气水合物压力增长过程相似,但同时呈现“阶梯状”增长,这可能与两种不同水合物岩心的岩性和水合物在岩心中的分布模式和赋存状态有关。 相似文献
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祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程概况 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
2008～2009年,中国地质调查局组织中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、勘探技术研究所、青海煤炭地质105勘探队等单位,在祁连山木里地区实施“祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程”,迄今共完成DK-1、DK-2、DK-3和DK-4
4个钻探试验井,总进尺2059.13m,并在井深133~396m区间钻获多层天然气水合物,取得了找矿工作的重大突破,证实中国冻土区存在规模巨大的天然气水合物潜在能源。祁连山冻土区天然气水合物具有埋深浅、冻土层薄、气体组分复杂、以热解气为主等特征,应是一种新类型的水合物。初步研发集成出一套冻土区天然气水合物调查方法、钻探施工工艺和配套装备,为下一步的调查研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物 总被引：64，自引：1，他引：63
祁连山冻土区位于青藏高原北缘,多年冻土面积约10×10~4km~2,具有良好的天然气水合物形成条件和找矿前景.2008～2009年间中国地质调查局在青海省天峻县木里煤田聚乎更矿区施工"祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程",迄今共完成钻探试验井4口,总进尺2059.13m,分别在DK-1、DK-2和DK-3钻井中钻获天然气水合物实物样品,取得了找矿工作的重大突破.天然气水合物产于冻土层之下,埋深133～396m.水合物呈白色、乳白色晶体,点火能燃烧,红外热像仪测温后呈明显的低温异常,放进水里强烈冒泡,水合物分解后能不断冒出气泡和水滴,并残留下特征的蜂窝状构造.激光拉曼光谱仪检测呈现特征的水合物光谱曲线,测井曲线也具有较明显的高电阻率和高波速标志.祁连山天然气水合物具有冻土层薄、埋深浅、气体组分复杂、以煤层气成因为主等明显特征,是一种新类型水合物.这是我国冻土区首次钻获的天然气水合物实物样品,也是全球首次在中低纬度高山冻土区发现天然气水合物实物样品,具有重要的科学意义和经济意义. 相似文献
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Subsurface Occurrence of Natural Gas Hydrate in the Nankai Trough Area: Implication for Gas Hydrate Concentration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. The Nankai Trough runs along the Japanese Islands, where extensive BSRs have been recognized in its forearc basins. High resolution seismic surveys and site-survey wells undertaken by the MITI have revealed the gas hydrate distribution at a depth of about 290 mbsf. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled in late 1999 and early 2000. The highlights were successful retrievals of abundant gas hydrate-bearing cores in a variety of sediments from the main hole and the post survey well-2, keeping the cored gas hydrate stable, and the obtaining of continuous well log data in the gas hydrate-dominant intervals from the main hole, the post survey well-1 and the post survey well-3. Gas-hydrate dominant layers were identified at the depth interval from 205 to 268 mbsf. Pore-space hydrate, very small in size, was recognized mostly filling intergranular pores of sandy sediments. Anomalous chloride contents in extracted pore water, core temperature depression, core observations as well as visible gas hydrates confirmed the presence of pore-space hydrates within moderate to thick sand layers. Gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata typically were 10 cm to a meter thick with porosities of about 40 %. Gas hydrate saturations in most hydrate-dominant layers were quite high, up to 90 % pore saturation.
All the gas hydrate-bearing cores were subjected to X-ray CT imagery measurements for observation of undisturbed sedimentary textures and gas-hydrate occurrences before being subjected to other analyses, such as (1) petrophysical properties, (2) biostratigraphy, (3) geochemistry, (4) microbiology and (5) gas hydrate characteristics. 相似文献
All the gas hydrate-bearing cores were subjected to X-ray CT imagery measurements for observation of undisturbed sedimentary textures and gas-hydrate occurrences before being subjected to other analyses, such as (1) petrophysical properties, (2) biostratigraphy, (3) geochemistry, (4) microbiology and (5) gas hydrate characteristics. 相似文献
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ZHU Youhai ZHANG Yongqin WEN Huaijun LU Zhenquan JIA Zhiyao LI Yonghong LI Qinghai LIU Changling WANG Pingkang GUO Xingwang 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(1):1-10
Qilian Mountain permafrost, with area about 10×104 km2, locates in the north of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. It equips with perfect conditions and has great prospecting potential for gas hydrate. The Scientific Drilling Project of Gas Hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost, which locates in Juhugeng of Muri Coalfield, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province, has been implemented by China Geological Survey in 2008–2009. Four scientific drilling wells have been completed with a total footage of 2059.13 m. Samples of gas hydrate are collected separately from holes DK-1, DK-2 and DK-3. Gas hydrate is hosted under permafrost zone in the 133–396 m interval. The sample is white crystal and easily burning. Anomaly low temperature has been identified by the infrared camera. The gas hydrate-bearing cores strongly bubble in the water. Gas-bubble and water-drop are emitted from the hydrate-bearing cores and then characteristic of honeycombed structure is left. The typical spectrum curve of gas hydrate is detected using Raman spectrometry. Furthermore, the logging profile also indicates high electrical resistivity and sonic velocity. Gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain is characterized by a thinner permafrost zone, shallower buried depth, more complex gas component and coal-bed methane origin etc. 相似文献
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Abstract. The Nankai Trough parallels the Japanese Island, where extensive BSRs have been interpreted from seismic reflection records. High resolution seismic surveys and drilling site-survey wells conducted by the MTI in 1997, 2001 and 2002 have revealed subsurface gas hydrate at a depth of about 290 mbsf (1235 mbsl) in the easternmost part of Nankai Trough. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled in late 1999 and early 2000 to provide physical evidence for the existence of gas hydrate. During field operations, continuous LWD and wire-line well log data were obtained and numerous gas hydrate-bearing cores were recovered. Subsequence sedimentologic and geochemical analyses performed on the cores revealed important geologic controls on the formation and preservation of natural gas hydrate. This knowledge is crucial to predicting the location of other hydrate deposits and their eventual energy resource. Pore-space gas hydrates reside in sandy sediments from 205 to 268 mbsf mostly filling intergranular porosity. Pore waters chloride anomalies, core temperature depression and core observations on visible gas hydrates confirm the presence of pore-space hydrates within moderate to thick sand layers. Gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata typically were 10 cm to a meter thick. Gas hydrate saturations are typically between 60 and 90 % throughout most of the hydrate-dominant sand layers, which are estimated by well log analyses as well as pore water chloride anomalies.
It is necessary for evaluating subfurface fluid dlow behavious to know both porosity and permeability of gas hydrate-bearing sand to evaluate subsurface fluid flow behaviors. Sediment porosities and pore-size distributions were obtained by mercury porosimetry, which indicate that porosities of gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata are approximately 40 %. According to grain size distribution curves, gas hydrate is dominant in fine- to very fine-grained sandy strata. 相似文献
It is necessary for evaluating subfurface fluid dlow behavious to know both porosity and permeability of gas hydrate-bearing sand to evaluate subsurface fluid flow behaviors. Sediment porosities and pore-size distributions were obtained by mercury porosimetry, which indicate that porosities of gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata are approximately 40 %. According to grain size distribution curves, gas hydrate is dominant in fine- to very fine-grained sandy strata. 相似文献
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加拿大马更些冻土区天然气水合物试生产进展与展望 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
马更些（Mackenzie）冻土区位于加拿大西北地区,是世界上最著名的天然气水合物产地之一,也是加拿大最重要的含油气盆地之一。在Mallik地区已相继钻探了L 38、2L 38、3L 38、4L 38和5L 38共5个钻孔,并进行了地质、地球物理、地球化学、微生物学和试生产等方面的多学科多方法研究,是目前全球天然气水合物研究程度最高、资料最丰富的地区。“Mallik 2002”项目开展了天然气水合物的短期试生产,共对6个水合物层位进行了降压法试生产并在其中的4个层位取得了成功,同时利用注入约80℃的热流体进行了5天多的加热法试生产,共生产出468 m3的天然气。“Mallik 2002”项目的成功实施是天然气水合物开发利用史上的里程碑,为将来的长期试生产和最终开发利用奠定了基础。随着开发利用研究的不断深入,天然气水合物这一规模巨大的潜在能源有可能在不久的将来为人类社会所用。 相似文献
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分析了国内外天然气水合物的研究现状及天然气水合物开采中的问题,在此基础上,介绍了俄罗斯提出的运用双井简大水平距定向对接智能井钻井技术,利用核废料产生的热量开采天然气水合物的具有专利技术的一种新方法,简述了其开采原理及开采过程,可为我国天然气水合物的开采研究提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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LIU Liping SUN Zhilei ZHANG Lei WU Nengyou Yichao Qin JIANG Zuzhou GENG Wei CAO Hong ZHANG Xilin ZHAI Bin XU Cuiling SHEN Zhicong JIA Yonggang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):731-755
Natural gas hydrates have been hailed as a new and promising unconventional alternative energy, especially as fossil fuels approach depletion, energy consumption soars, and fossil fuel prices rise, owing to their extensive distribution, abundance, and high fuel efficiency. Gas hydrate reservoirs are similar to a storage cupboard in the global carbon cycle, containing most of the world’s methane and accounting for a third of Earth’s mobile organic carbon. We investigated gas hydrate stability zone burial depths from the viewpoint of conditions associated with stable existence of gas hydrates, such as temperature, pressure, and heat flow, based on related data collected by the global drilling programs. Hydrate-related areas are estimated using various biological, geochemical and geophysical tools. Based on a series of previous investigations, we cover the history and status of gas hydrate exploration in the USA, Japan, South Korea, India, Germany, the polar areas, and China. Then, we review the current techniques for hydrate exploration in a global scale. Additionally, we briefly review existing techniques for recovering methane from gas hydrates, including thermal stimulation, depressurization, chemical injection, and CH4–CO2 exchange, as well as corresponding global field trials in Russia, Japan, United States, Canada and China. In particular, unlike diagenetic gas hydrates in coarse sandy sediments in Japan and gravel sediments in the United States and Canada, most gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea are non-diagenetic and exist in fine-grained sediments with a vein-like morphology. Therefore, especially in terms of the offshore production test in gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area in the north slope of the South China Sea, Chinese scientists have proposed two unprecedented techniques that have been verified during the field trials: solid fluidization and formation fluid extraction. Herein, we introduce the two production techniques, as well as the so-called “four-in-one” environmental monitoring system employed during the Shenhu production test. Methane is not currently commercially produced from gas hydrates anywhere in the world; therefore, the objective of field trials is to prove whether existing techniques could be applied as feasible and economic production methods for gas hydrates in deep-water sediments and permafrost zones. Before achieving commercial methane recovery from gas hydrates, it should be necessary to measure the geologic properties of gas hydrate reservoirs to optimize and improve existing production techniques. Herein, we propose horizontal wells, multilateral wells, and cluster wells improved by the vertical and individual wells applied during existing field trials. It is noteworthy that relatively pure gas hydrates occur in seafloor mounds, within near-surface sediments, and in gas migration conduits. Their extensive distribution, high saturation, and easy access mean that these types of gas hydrate may attract considerable attention from academia and industry in the future. Herein, we also review the occurrence and development of concentrated shallow hydrate accumulations and briefly introduce exploration and production techniques. In the closing section, we discuss future research needs, key issues, and major challenges related to gas hydrate exploration and production. We believe this review article provides insight on past, present, and future gas hydrate exploration and production to provide guidelines and stimulate new work into the field of gas hydrates. 相似文献