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1.
Summary The comparison of different radiation charts for computing of atmospheric thermal radiation has been realized. The attempt has been made to find out what charts are more reliable. Calculations of atmospheric thermal radiation fluxes has been fulfilled for different conditions.
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2.
u nu m¶rt;a a u ¶rt; u amu ¶rt; au amm u a m amuu ma. ¶rt; au mam ¶rt; nma a¶rt;au.  相似文献   

3.
Riassunto Per rappresentare una curva spaziale su un piano si può piegare un filo metallico secondo la curva e fotografarlo, operazione che però richiede molto tempo. Nel presente articolo l'A. illustra un dispositivo ottico che, sostituito alla matita della tavola di egresso della macchina diBush, è atto a descrivere su pellicola una curva simile all'immagine fotografica del filo. In questo studio si sono considerati soltanto i casi in cui la sorgente di luce che illumina la è all'infinito o nella origine delle coordinate, mentre il punto di vista à sempre all'infinito.
Summary One may represent a spatial curve on a plane by bending a metal thread along the curve and then photographing it, but in this way much time is wasted. In the present paper the A. suggests an optical device which, replaced to the pencil of the out-put table ofBush's machine, traces on film a curve that should look like the photographic image of the thread. In this study were taken into account only the cases in which the light source lighting , is at the infinite or in the coordinate origin, while the point of view is always at the infinite.
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4.
Summary The paper presents, in a condensed form, the fundamentals of global atmospheric energetics that have a bearing on the linear theory of compensation of non-equilibrium states in the Earth's atmosphere. The author introduces a new coordinate system with the vertical coordinate *=Z*/T*, which suits global atmospheric energetice.The relation between the energetics of the atmospheric system as a whole and the mean energetics level (MEL) is shown. Contrary to what has been assumed so far, it is proved that this level is neither an isopycnic level nor a physical surface, where */t=0 applies everywhere.List of Symbols Used x, y, z space coordinates in thez-system - x, y, space coordinates in the -system - t time - p, T, pressure, thermodynamic temperature and air density - p*, T*, pressure, temperature, density and geopotential on the mean energy level - g acceleration of the Earth's gravity - c p ,c v ,R specific temperature under constant pressure, volume and specific gas constant - = c p /c v Poisson's constant - E k ,E v ,E p kinetic, internal and potential energies of the atmospheric system - r'(x,y) correction function to inhomogeneous atmosphere - v, v n magnitude of motion velocity, magnitude of the normal component of velocity - O, S, S 0 volume of the whole atmospheric system, surface limiting volumeO and the Earth's surface - Z S height of surfaceS - arbitrary scalar quantity - H , horizontal differential operators in thez- andp-systems Dedicated to Corresponding Member Vojtch Vítek, Director of the Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, at the occasion of his sixtieth birthday.  相似文献   

5.
Summary The geopotential scale factor R 0 =GM/W 0 has been determined on the basis of satellite altimetry as R 0=(6 363 672·5±0·3) m and/or the geopotential value on the geoid W 0 =(62 636 256·5±3) m 2 s –2 . It has been stated that R 0 and/or W 0 is independent of the tidal distortion of surface W=W 0 due to the zero frequency tide.
¶rt;a nmu amumuu u ama amnmuaa R 0 =GM/W 0 =(6 363 672,5±0,3) m u/uu aunmuaa a nmuu¶rt;a W 0 =(62 636 256,5±3) m2 s–2. m, m R 0 u/uu W 0 auum m nm amu a a nuu ¶rt;au nmu W=W 0 .
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6.
Summary The distribution of radioactive(Th, U, K), major and selected trace(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) elements of granulites from the Saxonian Granulite Complex was studied. Similarly to the South Bohemian granulites, the Saxonian granulites can be divided according to the contents of their major and trace elements into two main groups, groupA containing mostly acid and subacid granulites (K 2 O>2.5%, SiO 2 >68%), and groupB containing mostly intermediate and basic granulites (K 2 O<2.5%, SiO 2 <68%). Statistically significant differences between groupsA andB were found for all major oxides and several trace elements(Rb, V, Cr, Ni). The Saxonian granulites follow the same calc-alkaline trend as the South Bohemian, granulitesA being placed mostly in the rhyolite field and granulitesB mostly in the dacite, andesite and basalt fields of this trend. The investigated granulites are characterized by a considerable scatter ofTh andU contents accompanied by very variableTh/U ratios; theTh andU concentrations of granulitesA are substantially lower than is usual for rocks of corresponding acidity.
¶rt;a an¶rt;u a¶rt;uamu(Th, U, K) u ua ¶rt;u(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) m aum n¶rt;a aaum na. naa, m u¶rt;aum n uu aam n aaum u ¶rt;u am aua, u u uu. aum n u uu ma a¶rt;um ¶rt; ¶rt;nn; nnA nua¶rt;ama a au¶rt; u au¶rt;aum (K 2 O>2,5%, Si O 2 >68%), nnB ¶rt;u u aum (K 2 O<2,5%, SiO 2 <68%). ¶rt; muunnau mm mamumuu m au ¶rt; a u u ¶rt; m ¶rt;u m(Rb, V, Cr, Ni). auaum n¶rt;¶rt;m um- m¶rt; a u -uaum;aumA a¶rt;ma a uum n, uaumB a a ¶rt;aum, a¶rt;um u aam n m m¶rt;a. ¶rt;aum — u unnA — aamum uu ¶rt;au da¶rt;uamu mTh uU.
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7.
Summary The vertical distribution of the contribution of the energy flux density due to the Alfvén(ordinary) wave, guided by the geomagnetic field(and propagating through the ionosphere to the Earth's surface) in the horizontal direction is demonstrated in the mechanism of the horizontal propagation of the Pc1 signal. The distribution with height is shown of the variations of the polarization characteristics of the propagating wave(e.g. the rotation of the polarization plane, changes in ellipticity, attenuation, etc.), which are the result of coupling in the denser layers of the low ionosphere in which also suitable isotropic(extraordinary) modes are generated. The results obtained using the method described in[4, 13] are demonstrated on a model of the daytime ionosphere under incidence of ordinaryL-modes, frequency f=0.3 Hz, and various meridional angles at the ionosphere.
auauma anmau uaa Pc1 naa m an¶rt;u ¶rt;u nmmu ma uu uma anauu maum n n¶rt; , anma u nmu. naa m an¶rt;u uu aamumu nuauu anma (nauau nmu nuauu, uu unmumu, amau u m.¶rt;.), m m ¶rt;mu au¶rt;mu na uu u . ¶rt; mum n¶rt;¶rt;u umn() ¶rt;. mam num m¶rt; [4, 13] ¶rt;mua ¶rt;u ¶rt; u nu na¶rt;uu a u L-¶rt; amm f=0,3 n¶rt; au u¶rt;uau au.
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8.
an¶rt;u am mu 15- an 1979. a auu a mumuu auu.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Porcellanites and palaeo-slags from North Bohemia are natural materials which can be used to derive the palaeomagnetic directions and palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field active at the time of caustic alteration. The origin of these rocks, called erdbrands, was due to the caustic alteration of predominantly pelitic sediments as a result of underground fires conditioned by spontaneous ignition of coal seams. The caustic alteration occurred during the Upper Pliocene to the Quaternary. Three procedure based on the methods by Thellier and Nagata are presented in the paper. The newly developed apparatus MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) was used for the thermal demagnetization of samples. A procedure based on multi-component analysis was also proposed and tested. Besides some methodic results, it was found that the geomagnetic field intensity varied during the respective period within the limits of 48%±4% to 154%±32% of the present geomagnetic field intensity.
aum u na au a mumuu uu n¶rt;mam nu¶rt; amua, m n¶rt;¶rt;um ¶rt; ¶rt;u naaum anau u naumumuaum n, ¶rt;m amu uu. mu n¶rt;, aa ¶rt;a¶rt;, uu n¶rt; uu amu uu num num a¶rt; n¶rt; ¶rt;mu aau . amu uu u m nu¶rt; m nua ¶rt; mmu nu¶rt;a. am n¶rt; mu umnmau nua, n¶rt;¶rt;u ¶rt; ¶rt;u naumumu, nuau a m¶rt; u aama. a aamaa annaama MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) a unaa ¶rt; mu aauuau ¶rt; amu aa. n¶rt; u n n¶rt;¶rt;, a a munm aau amuauu. nu m¶rt;uu au, ma ma, m umumaum n u¶rt; nu¶rt; a n¶rt;a 48%±4%-154%±32% au umumu aum n.
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10.
Summary The magnetic susceptibility of quartz single crystals is diamagnetic (–14×10 –6 in SI units) and exhibits only very small anisotropy (mostly less than 1%); thus the susceptibility of the quartz matrix in quartzite can be regarded as virtually isotropic. Owing to the influence of the negative and isotropic susceptibility of the quartz matrix, the degree of anisotropy of quartzite, as inferred from model calculations, is higher than that of the ferrimagnetic fraction. This influence is very strong if the mean susceptibility of quartzite is in the vicinity of zero.
uma aa m ¶rt;uaaumu (nuuum–14 × 10 –6 um ) u a aumnuu ( 1%). m aum, m nuuum a a auma m m numa namuu umn. amamu ¶rt;uau ¶rt;m, m n nuu uu muam u umn nuuumu a a mn aumnmu auma , mn aumnmu aum auu. m uu au m¶rt;a, ¶rt;a ¶rt;a nuuum ua .
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11.
Summary Spatial and temporal variability of natural ELF-VLF phenomena field intensity has been studied using data from Interkosmos satellites with apogees below 2000 km. The results show a distinct dependence of the diurnal variation and latitudinal intensity distribution on the magnetic activity. The L-value at which the maximum of plasmaspheric noise occurs, e.g., correlates better with the Dst-index than with other indicies.
mama u a auau anmu n mm - u a ua a uu ¶rt;a uu m an u 2000 . mam naam m auum m ¶rt;a u um an¶rt;u uu m aum amumu. uua L-naama, a m nm au naa uu, um Dst-u¶rt; ¶rt;uu u¶rt;auaum amumu.
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12.
Summary It has been demonstrated that the observed decrease in the second zonal geopotential harmonic linear in time and the secular decrease in the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation do not satisfy the relation defining the secular Love number k as constant during the whole history of the Earth's evolution. The discrepancy disappears if it is assumed thatdk/dt=–2.4×10–6 cy–1 .
aa, m a ¶rt;a au m aauunmuaa u u a ¶rt;a u mu au u ¶rt;mm mu, n¶rt; u a a nm mu umuu u. a uam, u ¶rt;nmumdk/dt=–2,4·10 –6 (mmu)–1 .
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13.
Summary Problems of occurrence of density inhomogeneities in the upper mantle are discussed and their gravitational effects in the region of Central Europe are investigated. Attention is namely devoted to the density contrast between the asthenosphere and the lower lithosphere, and its possible dependence on depth.
¶rt;am n nu nmm ¶rt;¶rt;m amuu u uaumau ¶rt;mu a mumuu ¶rt; n. uau ¶rt;m n¶rt; nmm mam ¶rt; am u um u auumu mu aau.
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14.
Summary A general analytical model for travel times of seismic waves propagating in a radially asymmetric Earth, is suggested. It is represented by a series of irreducible spherical tensor products with bipolar spherical coefficients. The main term of the series describes the travel times in a radially symmetric Earth, the others represent corrections due to the spherical assymmetry. The method of least squares is suggested for determining the bipolar spherical coefficients from observed seismic travel times. Since the proposed theory assumes that the analytical representation is related to the reference earth, the corrections to the non-zero focal depth and non-zero sea-level height of the seismographic station must be introduced.
aamuam a aaumua ¶rt; ¶rt;¶rt;aa uu a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt; . mm¶rt;a aam u¶rt; ¶rt;a n¶rt;u m unu uuu uumau. ¶rt;a nuam¶rt;a a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt; . ¶rt;u m aam nna a m a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt;mu. ¶rt;aam un uu uum ¶rt; a¶rt;a¶rt;aa a¶rt;um m¶rt; auu a¶rt;am. ¶rt;aaa mu u¶rt;um u n¶rt;nu -unu¶rt;a u. nuam n ¶rt;u nna n¶rt;mau¶rt;aa, a uu aa u m nm a¶rt;u.
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15.
auam aum¶rt;, m u n¶rt; n a¶rt;u u nm a anu, umua a u mauu u 1964–1976 . ¶rt; aum¶rt; ma auau aum¶rt;, n¶rt; uu m .  相似文献   

16.
Summary The relation between geomagnetic activity and solar activity is studied in long intervals and in individual 11-year cycles, characterized by certain basic parameters, in connection with investigating the prognostic significance of long-term fluctuations of geomagnetic activity [1, 2]. A number of properties as well as sufficiently close relations with a prognostic significance have been found, such as the secular variation of geomagnetic activity, the 22-year cycle of change in the form of the behaviour of geomagnetic activity in 11-year cycles, long-term concurrence of solar and geomagnetic activity and its changes within the 11-year cycle, relations between solar and geomagnetic parameters characterizing the 11-year cycle.
a auu uu u ¶rt; uaum amum ¶rt;u nma u u m¶rt; 11-mu ua am mu ¶rt; ¶rt;m nuauaum amumu.
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17.
u¶rt;m mam uu u nu a¶rt;u m¶rt;3 (a na¶rt;u) a amm 1539 a amuu aa a nu¶rt; am 1978 — am 1981. u m nuau nu mma. a¶rt;am u¶rt;aa ma (a aumu) u a auau nu, u u aauu u an u u. numa u am au nu ¶rt; =60° na¶rt;am. au naa, m nu u um a a ¶rt;a ¶rt;m a nu¶rt;, nu a m n u nua nu mma am 1980.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The paper deals with the computation of spherical harmonic coefficients from surface measurements of the magnetic or gravity field of the Earth when the measurements are distributed regularly. The Fourier representation of associated Legendre functions which this procedure makes use of, then enables the harmonic analysis to be transformed to Fourier analysis which has better numerical properties.
ama na ama uu uu uum n nm uu aum uuaumau n u a, ¶rt;a mu uu an ammu ma. ¶rt;mau n a¶rt; , m unm mm n¶rt;¶rt;, nm nmauu aau naam aau , m a¶rt;am uu uumu mau.
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19.
Summary The accuracy of wave field extrapolation is studied with respect to the discretization of field data and integral extrapolator. Assuming a far-field approximation of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld solution for a two-dimensional scalar wave equation, the minimum and the maximum transmitted frequency are expressed as functions of the sampling intervals t, x, and the half-width x0 and angle a of the migration aperture. The theoretical limitation of the transmitted frequency band is tested on numerical examples.
aamuam mm manuu auumu m ¶rt;umuauu n u uma manu nama. ¶rt; u uma u -¶rt;a ¶rt; ¶rt; a au, ¶rt; nuuuu ¶rt;a n mu ¶rt; uua u aua n¶rt;aa amm a uu m a -nmam ¶rt;umuauu t u , nuu 0 u a a uau anm. mu n¶rt;u amm ¶rt;uanaa mmua a u nua.
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20.
Summary Four fundamental forms of expansion of the double product of the gravity function into an infinite series are derived. Two isotropic parts are separated, one is expressed by Legendre polynomials and the other by invariants of Wigner's D-matrices.
¶rt; m n¶rt;mau ¶rt; au ¶rt; nu¶rt;uaumau uu ¶rt;. ¶rt; ¶rt; umn amu, na aam n nu a¶rt;a u ma n uauam amu ua.
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