共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 925 毫秒
1.
基于2019年7月(夏)、2019年10月(秋)、2020年1月(冬)、2020年5月(春)的季节性鱼类采样数据,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)、Shannon指数和Pianka指数对南流江河口红树林潮沟主要鱼类的时空生态位宽度和重叠进行分析,结合冗余分析探讨主要鱼类间的生态位分化。结果表明：共采集到鱼类17 680尾,隶属12目23科37属45种,其中主要鱼类(IRI>100) 10种。在主要鱼类中,时间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.46～1.78,其中嵴塘鳢最大,爪哇拟虾虎鱼最小;空间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.81～2.05,其中斑尾刺虾虎鱼最大,爪哇拟虾虎鱼最小。时空生态位宽度值达到2以上(广生态位种)的种类有6种,分别是鲻、齐氏罗非鱼、中华乌塘鳢、斑尾刺虾虎鱼、嵴塘鳢和杂食豆齿鳗。鲻与爪哇拟虾虎鱼的时间生态位重叠值最高(0.928),尾纹双边鱼与食蚊鱼的空间生态位重叠值最高(0.979),齐氏罗非鱼与斑尾刺虾虎鱼的时空生态位重叠值最高(0.822)。南流江河口红树林潮沟主要鱼类时空二维生态位有6.7%的种对显著重叠(Qik>0.6),表明物种时空分布... 相似文献
2.
南极冰鱼科鱼类多为南大洋优势鱼种,在南极海洋生态系统的物质循环与能量流动中起着重要的作用,其中一些也是该海域主要的商业捕捞对象。目前,对于其中具有较高商业价值的鱼种,尤其是裘氏鳄头冰鱼(Champsocephalus gunnari)、威氏棘冰鱼(Chaenodraco wilsoni)以及南乔治亚拟冰鱼(Pseudochaenichthys georgianus)等已有较多的研究,这些研究集中在年龄与生长、分布等方面,关于南极冰鱼科鱼类营养动力学的研究较为零散,且多集中在少数几种南极冰鱼种类上,这限制了从整体上理解南极冰鱼科鱼类在南大洋生态系统功能中发挥的作用。为此,本文总结了国内外对南极冰鱼食物组成、摄食机制、摄食差异性的研究工作,并对今后开展南极冰鱼摄食生态学研究工作提出了展望。相关结果可为国内外学者开展相关研究提供基础信息,并进一步为开展该科鱼类摄食生态学研究提供科学思路。 相似文献
3.
为了了解湖南毛里湖国家湿地公园中的鱼类资源现状,2017年4月至2020年12月期间,对湖南毛里湖国家湿地公园中的鱼类资源进行了调查和采样,研究了该湿地公园中鱼类群落的物种组成、优势物种和生态类型,分析了该湿地公园中鱼类群落的多样性。研究结果表明,调查期间,在湖南毛里湖国家湿地公园中,记录了9目14科41属53种鱼类,以鲤科(Cyprinidae)物种为主,其物种数量(31种)占该湿地公园中鱼类总物种数量的58.49%;鱼类群落的优势物种为鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、?(Hemiculter leucisculus)和鲫(Carassius auratus),常见物种为鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)和达氏鲌(Culter dabryi);53种鱼类的生态类型以湖泊定居性类群的物种为主... 相似文献
4.
《湿地科学》2017,(2)
2014年7月、10月和2015年1月、4月,对会仙湿地的鱼类多样性各进行了一次调查和采样。在会仙湿地共鉴定到鱼类30种,隶属于5目11科26属;各季节的优势种明显不同,2015年4月的优势种为鲫(Carassius auratus)和子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus),2014年7月的优势种为高体鳑鲏(Rhodeus ocellatus)和叉尾斗鱼(Macropodus opercularis),2014年10月的优势种为鲫,2015年1月的优势种为鲫和短须鱊(Acheilognathus barbatulus);2014年7月与2014年10月的物种数差异显著(p0.05);2014年7月,湖泊与河流中鱼类的物种数、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异显著(p0.05);鱼类群落相似性分析结果表明,2014年7月的鱼类群落与其它季节明显不同(p0.05);2014年7月,湖泊中鱼类的物种数、个体数和生物量都比河流中的少,而2015年1月,这些指标都是河流中的较大,可以推测,会仙湿地鱼类在7月多在河流中生活,1月则多在湖泊中生活。 相似文献
5.
《湿地科学》2021,(4)
为了掌握毕拉河国家级自然保护区河流中现有鱼类组成及其物种多样性状况,于2019年10月2～10日、2020年5月8～16日和2020年7月14～22日,在该保护区内的扎文河和毕拉河中共设置了5个采样点,开展了鱼类资源调查,研究了鱼类资源现状和鱼类的物种多样性。研究结果表明,在5个采样点的渔获物中,共记录鱼类2纲7目10科36种,其中,有鲤形目物种21种,有鲶形目和鲑形目物种各5种,有鮋形目物种2种,有七鳃鳗目、鲈形目和鳕形目物种各1种;毕拉河和扎文河中鱼类的优势种为北方须鳅(Barbatula barbatula nuda)、湖鱥(Phoxinus percnurus)、洛氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)、花江鱥(Phoxinus czekanowskii)、银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)、大头鮈(Gobio macrocephalus)、黑龙江鳑鲏(Rhodeus sericeus)和细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok);鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为2.53、0.33和1.69;毕拉河的生境适合冷水性鲑科(Salmonidae)鱼类生长,毕拉河中有大量的黑龙江茴鱼(Thymallus arcticus grubei)幼鱼,应该加强对毕拉河国家级自然保护区中河流的保护力度,以保护黑龙江茴鱼幼鱼生长发育的生境。 相似文献
6.
澜沧江中上游鱼类生物多样性现状初报 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对澜沧江上游及支流的鱼类和环境调查显示流域片段化对鱼类生物多样性产生了较大的影响。从漾濞江和西洱河的比较可以看出,前者因为没有梯级电站,鱼类的种类和数量并无太大的变化,而西洱河由于过度的梯级开发和污染,鱼类濒于灭绝,洱海由于江湖的隔绝,外来种的引入使得土著鱼类种群数量急剧减少。干流上大坝（漫湾水电站）的修建使得流水变为静水环境而产生一系列的变化使鱼类的种类和种群数量产生变化。 相似文献
7.
闽江中下游鱼类资源现状调查与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年11月-2008年12月,采用定点渔获、分类鉴定和走访调查等方法,定期对闽江中下游鱼类资源进行调查．该流域共采集到鱼类标本139种,分属于12目33科67属,以鲤形目（43．17％）和鲈形目（30．22％）鱼类为主．绚亚科（占鲤科总数的27．45％）、鳊亚科（占鲤科总数的21．57％）和缎虎鱼科（占鲈形目总数的30．95％）成为优势种类．与历史资料比较,名贵鱼类濒临灭绝,主要经济鱼类明显减少,渔获物趋向低龄化、小型化．本研究还分析了鱼类资源变动的原因,对合理开发与保护鱼类资源提出了建议． 相似文献
8.
九段沙湿地是典型的河口滩涂型湿地,对长江和东海渔业资源有重要的影响。2014-2016年对九段沙湿地的江亚南沙、上沙、中沙、下沙进行了12次调查,共捕获鱼类14 208尾,98种,分别隶属于19目40科;江亚南沙、上沙、中沙、下沙鱼类组成存在差异,鱼类物种多样性和物种丰富度均表现为:秋季春秋夏季冬季,优势种有鮻Liza haematocheila、斑尾刺虾虎鱼Acanthogobius ommaturus、棱鮻Liza carinatus、四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum、中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculates,河口性鱼类占绝对优势。研究表明:九段沙湿地渔业资较丰富,具有长江口鱼类区系特征,但渔业资源呈下降趋势。根据九段沙湿地渔业资源现状,提出了管护措施及对策建议。 相似文献
9.
《湿地科学与管理》2019,(4):39-43
通过资料收集和野外实地调查湖南省重要涉水生态敏感区的类型、面积、河长和空间分布等基本情况,基于Arcgis软件构建湖南省涉水生态敏感区数据库,对湖南省涉水生态敏感区进行统计分析。结果表明:湖南省涉水生态敏感区共166个,其中国家级水产种质保护区和国家级湿地公园数量分别占全省涉水生态敏感区总数的20%和17%;湘江、沅江和澧水涉水生态敏感区河长分别为2 053.8 km、1 542.84 km、1 301.27 km,分别占全省涉水生态敏感区总河长的33.38%、25.07%和21.15%。国家级水产种质资源保护区总面积3 126.65 km~2,涉及河长2 108.8 km,主要保护对象33种,其中沅江特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区(沅水鲮)、澧水源特有鱼类国家级水产种资源保护区(大眼鳜、长吻鳜、鲁氏鳜、长须黄颡鱼、瓦氏黄颡鱼、光泽黄颡鱼等)和浏阳河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区(花?)具有地域特有性。目前,湖南省已形成多类型、多层次的生态敏感区保护体系,对长江流域乃至我国生态资源保护具有重要独特作用。 相似文献
10.
2022年4月至5月期间,在松花江下游同江段水域中,采集了251尾黑龙江马口鱼(Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis)样本,根据样本肠含物的鉴定与分析结果,对不同体长、不同性别的黑龙江马口鱼的摄食习性进行了研究。研究结果表明,松花江下游同江段水域中的黑龙江马口鱼的饵料共有4类17种(包含未鉴定种),黑龙江马口鱼主要摄食鱼类,其次摄食水生昆虫,偶尔摄食甲壳类和底栖无脊椎动物等;在体长小于100mm、体长为100～149 mm和体长为150～200 mm的黑龙江马口鱼的食物组成中,鱼类的质量百分比分别合计为96.43%、98.12%和97.11%,水生昆虫的质量百分比分别合计为3.34%、1.15%和0.15%;体长小于100 mm、体长为100～149 mm和体长为150～200 mm的黑龙江马口鱼的空胃率分别为65%、20%和41%,平均胃饱满指数值分别为3.43%、4.68%和2.63%,随着体长的增长,黑龙江马口鱼的摄食强度发生明显变化,当其体长为100～149 mm时,出现摄食的高峰期;雌、雄黑龙江马口鱼的食物组成无显著差异。 相似文献
11.
MERCURY CONTAMINATION OF FISHES IN THE SECOND SONGHUA RIVER OF CHINA： PRESENT AND HISTORY 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ZHANG Lei WANG Qi-Chao SHAO Zhi-Guo 《湿地科学》2005,3(1):27-31
1 INTRODUCTIONIntherecentyears,exposuretoenvironmentaltoxinshasreceivedincreasingattentionasthepublicadverseeffectcausedbytheirtoxicity .Mercuryisoneofmosttoxicmetalsintheworld .Manyre searcheshaveprovedthattheconsumptionoffishesmercurypollutedisthemains… 相似文献
12.
Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than those (Cu: 8.77 μg/g; Pb: 57.42 μg/g; Cd: 0.96 μg/g; Zn: 68.21 μg/g; and Ni: 17.87 μg/g) of the reference site at Sg. Benut that only received agricultural disposal. The concentrations for the 5 metals from all the sites (except for the reference site) were higher than the Sediment Quality Values for Hong Kong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced. 相似文献
13.
Lauren Norman T. Max Friesen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):261-278
Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):261–278, 2010 In a comprehensive overview of evidence for fishing in the Thule period of the eastern North American Arctic, Whitridge (2001) noted that fish bones are either extremely rare or absent in archaeofaunal samples, despite the fact that artifact assemblages typically contain a variety of fishing implements. In this paper, we present new faunal data from two sites on southeastern Victoria Island, Nunavut, which offer a marked contrast to this pattern. The Pembroke site, located just north of Cambridge Bay, is a small Thule site probably occupied during an early migration into the region. The Bell site, located on the Ekalluk River, is a more substantial site, occupied for a much longer duration during the Thule period. These sites are located in areas devoid of many taxa preferred by Thule peoples, which led the sites' occupants to rely on caribou and fish for much of their winter subsistence. At the Bell site, storage of caribou and fish was critical for winter survival. However, the occupants of the Pembroke site appear to have been unable to acquire sufficient stores during the fall, and therefore relied on fishing through the ice during winter to supplement their inadequate stores. Although both sites indicate a more important economic role for fish than has been recorded on any other eastern Arctic Thule winter site, the use of fish at the two sites differs markedly, adding nuance to archaeologically known Thule subsistence patterns. 相似文献
14.
公路运营对农田和防护林中小型土壤动物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对距高速公路不同距离样点中小型土壤动物多样性、相似性进行统计及典范对应分析（CCA）。共捕获中小型土壤动物9 994只,隶属3纲6目15科。研究发现：① 高速公路旁林地中小型土壤动物个体数高于农田;林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性在样点和季节间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。② 林地距离高速公路5 m和1 600 m样点、农田距离高速公路5 m和800 m中小型土壤动物群落相似性较低。③ 土壤有机质含量是影响高速公路林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落分布的重要土壤环境因子。距离高速公路远的林地和农田样点（800 m和1 600 m）中小型土壤动物多样性高于近距离样点（5 m）中小型土壤动物多样性,与公路的运营对周边地区土壤理化性质、地表植被等的影响有关。 相似文献
15.
David M. Stoms 《The Professional geographer》1994,46(3):346-358
Mapping patterns of species richness is a longstanding tradition in biogeography and more recently in conservation planning. This paper describes the effects of sampling unit size on patterns of vertebrate richness across landscapes in the Intermountain Sagebrush and Rocky Mountain Forest ecoregions in Idaho. Variability of richness decreased with increasing size of the spatial sampling units at both sites, with greater overall variability in the forested site. Richness in the sagebrush region was best explained by alpha diversity, whereas beta diversity accounted for more of the variability in richness in the forested site. 相似文献
16.
Macroinvertebrate communities were studied in two saline tributaries of the Hopkins River, western Victoria. Monthly sampling
from May to August, 1990, showed the mean salinity of Bushy Creek was 5 g L−1 while in Back Creek mean salinity varied from 9 to 20 g L−1 between sites. Macroinvertebrate species richness and relative abundance were measured on each sampling occasion. Cluster
analysis showed that community composition varied between creeks and between sites within a creek. Bushy Creek sites were
more similar to each other than to Back Creek sites. A negative relationship was found between site salinity and species richness
over the range 4 to 26 g L−1, although there was a wide range of salinity (up to 12 g L−1) over which the relationship of species richness to salinity was not clear cut.
The effects of salinity on species richness in stream communities appear to be similar to that described elsewhere in salt
lakes. 相似文献
17.
沙坡头人工固沙区一年生植物小画眉草繁殖分配研究 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
沙坡头人工固沙区不同始植年代一年生植物小画眉草(Eragrostis poaeoides)的繁殖分配研究。结果表明:无论在种群水平还是在个体水平上,都反映出:(1) 在不同的始植年代,个体大小与繁殖体大小均不相同,其排列顺序依次为1956年样地 > 1964年样地 > 1981年样地 > 1987年样地;(2) 在不同始植年代下小画眉草有性繁殖分配的大小存在差异,有的甚至达到显著或极显著的水平,小画眉草有性繁殖分配的大小与沙面固定的长短有关(大小依次排序:1956年样地 > 1964年样地 > 1981年样地 > 1987年样地),1956年固沙区小画眉草用于繁殖的投资比例达到(70.17±6.24)%,远高于1987年固沙区的(59.18±8.75)%。(3)地上营养器官生物量、茎重、叶片数和叶重在四个年代差异不显著,说明这些指标既受固沙时间长短的影响,也可能受其他因素的控制。通过研究,我们得到以下结论:随着沙面固定时间的延长,一年生植物生存的环境相对好转,一年生植物把更多的资源和能量用于繁殖,增加其种群规模;沙丘固定时间相对短的,一年生植物将把更多的资源和能量用于营养生长,以抵御不利的生长环境。 相似文献
18.
19.
Geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to investigate the spatial association between metallic mineral sites and lithodiversity in Nevada. Mineral site data sets include various size and type subsets of about 5,500 metal-bearing occurrences and deposits. Lithodiversity was calculated by counting the number of unique geological map units within four sizes of square-shaped sample neighborhoods (2.5-by-2.5, 5-by-5, 10-by-10, and 20-by-20 km) on three different scales of geological maps (national, 1:2,500,000; state, 1:500,000; county, 1:250,000). The spatial association between mineral sites and lithodiversity was observed to increase with increasing lithodiversity. This relationship is consistent for (1) both basin-range and range-only regions, (2) four sizes of sample neighborhoods, (3) various mineral site subsets, (4) the three scales of geological maps, and (5) areas not covered by large-scale maps. A map scale of 1:500,000 and lithodiversity sampling neighborhood of 5-by-5 km was determined to best describe the association. Positive associations occurred for areas having >3 geological map units per neighborhood, with the strongest observed at approximately >7 units. Areas in Nevada with more than three geological map units per 5-by-5 km neighborhood contain more mineral sites than would be expected resulting from chance. High lithodiversity likely reflects the occurrence of complex structural, stratigraphic, and intrusive relationships that are thought to control, focus, localize, or expose mineralization. The application of lithodiversity measurements to areas that are not well explored may help delineate regional-scale exploration targets and provide GIS-supported mineral resource assessment and exploration activity another method that makes use of widely available geological map data. 相似文献
20.
The detection of vegetation fires using remote sensing has proven useful for highlighting areas undergoing rapid conversion in humid forests, but not in tropical dry forest (TDF). To further understand this relationship, we explored the correlation between MODIS Active Fires and forest cover change at local scales using 3 × 3 km sampling grids in three TDF landscapes in Bolivia; Mexico, and Brazil. Our analysis showed no single overall correlation among sites between the frequency of fires reported by the MODIS Active Fire Mapping product and forest cover change. Also, aggregated patterns of fire occurrence in Brazil and Bolivia did not correspond to areas with high percentage of forest loss, which indicates that the fire/deforestation relationship in TDF is not apparent in a simple fire frequency map. However, statistically significant correlations were found in sampling boxes with 50–60%, 50–70%, 50–95% forest cover at “initial state” of the time series in the Mexican site, Bolivian site and Brazilian site, respectively. Our findings suggest that complex interactions between anthropogenic fire-use, satellite-detected fires, and deforestation in highly fragmented TDF landscapes are difficult to describe at regional scales and might only be possible to analyze using finer resolution sampling grids. 相似文献