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在沉积作用地球化学研究中,利用氢氧同位素资料探讨沉积物的形成环境和物质来源,已成为行之有效的重要手段之一。为此,我们对南极半岛附近的高纬度海域沉积物进行了氧同位素和稀土元素研究之后,又从沉积物中分离出粘土组分,进一步取得了该海域粘土物质的氢氧同位素地球化学信息。 相似文献
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纤维素作为湖泊沉积物有机质的重要组成部分,其氧同位素组成已逐渐应用在古气候、古环境重建中。本文综述了湖泊沉积物纤维素氧同位素在古气候研究中的进展,包括纤维素的实验提取方法、纤维素及其寄宿水体之间的氧同位素分馏系数,以及纤维素氧碳同位素在定量古气候参数方面的应用,并展望了未来的研究趋势。研究表明,纤维素结合碳酸盐氧同位素组成可能是一种潜在的定量古温度指示剂,可能在未来的湖泊沉积中发挥极大作用。因此,今后的有关研究可能集中在定量古气候参数上的应用。 相似文献
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硅藻广泛分布于湖泊沉积物中,其硅质骨骼的硅氧同位素组成(δ18O和δ30Si)通常可以记录当时水体的温度和同位素组成.近十年来,湖泊沉积物硅藻氧同位素组成(δ18Odia tom)被广泛用于指示湖区温度变化和水体氧同位素组成的变化.然而,迄今尚未见有对湖泊沉积物硅藻硅同位素的系统研究的报道. 相似文献
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黄土沉积物中碳酸盐同位素组成的研究方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用逐段加热法获得的黄土沉积物中碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成表明，黄土沉积物中的碳酸盐是不同来源和成因的碳酸盐的混合物。不同来源和成因的碳酸盐具有不同的碳、氧同位素组成，其示踪意义也不同，７００～８００℃的δ１３Ｃ比用磷酸法获得的δ１３Ｃ更灵敏于古气候的变化。因此，采用磷酸法研究黄土沉积物碳酸盐的同位素组成是不适宜的。 相似文献
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重庆芙蓉洞洞穴沉积物δ13C、δ18O特征及意义 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
利用重庆芙蓉洞内各种新老沉积物的δ13C、δ18O以及对洞穴内的滴水、池水和洞外泉水的长期观测结果,发现芙蓉洞内的次生沉积物中氧同位素变化整体一致,处于稳定温度下(16℃)的平衡分馏状态。而且洞内滴水和池水的氧同位素也相当一致,反映了外界大气降水中氧同位素的年平均状态。芙蓉洞内各种沉积物中碳同位素变化范围很大,从0‰~-11‰均有分布。由于芙蓉洞内各种滴水以及池水中溶解无机碳(DIC)的δ13C变化约在-8‰~-11‰,显著偏轻于部分洞穴沉积物中的δ13C。通过研究从洞穴滴水到形成次生化学沉积物这个过程中的可能影响洞穴沉积物中碳同位素变化的因素,例如：洞穴温度、滴水高度和速率、CO2脱气、生物作用、矿物同质异相转换等,同时参考芙蓉洞内连续生长达37 ka的FR5石笋的碳同位素记录,发现以上可能的影响因素都不能完全解释芙蓉洞内次生沉积物中碳同位素的异常偏重现象。虽然芙蓉洞内广泛存在文石与方解石共存的次生沉积物,但是综合分析表明这些沉积物的氧同位素处于平衡分馏状态,可以用来进行古气候研究。不过在利用石笋碳同位素解释古环境变化时需要慎重,特别是在讨论由文石或文石—方解石混合构成的次生沉积物时。 相似文献
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锌同位素体系是海洋地球化学研究的新示踪剂,应用于示踪海水中锌元素的来源及其运移过程.海洋沉积物作为锌元素重要的"源"与/或"汇",其锌同位素组成的研究有助于理解海洋锌元素的地球化学循环.海洋沉积物记录了海水组成的信息,可以反演古海水锌同位素组成的变化,前提是理解沉积物与海水之间的分馏.对海水及海洋不同储库锌同位素研究进行系统总结,包括河流输入、热液体系、不同类型海洋沉积物(如富碳酸盐的沉积物、陆源硅酸盐碎屑、硅质沉积物、铁锰结核、贫氧-缺氧沉积物)的锌同位素组成,阐述了海洋沉积物锌同位素组成变化在古气候、古环境重建以及古海洋学等领域的应用以及重要性. 相似文献
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氧的非质量同位素分馏（mass—independent isotope fractionation）为全球变化研究提供了新方法。在介绍非质量同位素分馏的基础上，评述了氧同位素异常[△（^17O）3的表示方法以及氧的非质量同位素分馏的产生机制，重点综述了氧的非质量同位素分馏在地球科学中的应用。基于△（^17O）评估的生物圈生产力是全球总的生物生产力，打破了以往只能孤立地评估陆地或海洋生物生产力的瓶颈，奠定了在更广时空尺度上评估生物生产力的基础；△（^17O）能量化形成气溶胶硫酸盐和硝酸盐的气相与液相氧化反应路径的相对比例，为研究气溶胶和气候的互馈作用提供了新途径；冰芯中S同位素和△（^17O）的联合运用，不仅解决了冰芯中硫酸盐、硝酸盐的来源和运移问题，而且还为其形成的氧化过程提供了细节信息；而干旱区硫酸盐、硝酸盐矿物中△（^17O）的发现在解决一些长期有争议的沉积物成因和来源问题中起关键作用。氧的非质量同位素分馏还将在（古）大气臭氧活性、火山喷发柱化学和O、S、N生物地球化学循环等研究中发挥更大作用。 相似文献
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综合大洋钻探计划311航次沉积物中自生碳酸盐岩碳、氧稳定同位素特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了探索水合物背景下沉积物中自生矿物响应,对采自综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）311航次沉积物中自生碳酸盐岩颗粒进行了矿物组成、形貌特征和碳、氧稳定同位素特征等研究。X光粉晶衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）结果显示碳酸盐岩颗粒的主要矿物成分是铁白云石和方解石,呈多孔状结核和不规则状集合体产出。碳酸盐岩颗粒的碳稳定同位素δ13CPDB低至-41.50‰,证实其碳源源自甲烷,其成因与甲烷厌氧氧化过程有关,印证了研究区存在海底甲烷渗漏现象,是甲烷水合物赋存区重要的识别标志之一。碳酸盐岩颗粒的氧稳定同位素δ18OPDB总体上随着沉积物深度增加而减小,可能指示沉积物的背景温度由下而上（从早到晚）逐渐降低。研究结果提供了现代海洋天然气水合物背景下沉积物中自生碳酸盐岩的碳、氧稳定同位素记录,对于寻找我国海域天然气水合物资源,探索地史时期古海洋沉积物中类似的甲烷事件记录具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献