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1.
综合岩心观察、薄片鉴定、砂砾岩厚度及百分含量等资料,对东营凹陷北带沙四段砂砾岩的沉积特征、成因类型及沉积演化模式进行了系统研究。结果表明,东营凹陷北带沙四段砂砾岩储层中块状层理、粒序层理、平行层理、叠覆冲刷构造、交错层理发育,同时变形构造、泥岩撕裂屑、重荷模和火焰构造常见。碎屑颗粒表现为无分选-中等分选、棱角状-次棱角状到次圆状的近物源沉积特征。岩相类型以块状层理砾岩相、递变层理砾岩相、递变层理砂质砾岩相、交错层理砾质砂岩相、平行层理砾质砂岩相、块状层理砾质砂岩相、块状砂岩相、平行层理砂岩相、块状层理砂岩相、变形层理砂岩相、泥质撕裂变形砂岩相、薄层透镜状或压扁层理砂岩相为主。综合古地貌、砂砾岩沉积特征及沉积机制等,认为东营凹陷北带沙四段主要发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇和扇三角洲等成因类型的砂砾岩扇体。在沉积演化上,沙四下亚段沉积时期,胜坨地区和民丰地区发育近岸水下扇沉积,利津地区发育扇三角洲沉积,扇体规模较小,横向连续性较差;沙四上亚段沉积时期,胜坨地区和民丰地区广泛发育近岸水下扇-湖底扇沉积,利津西部地区发育扇三角洲沉积,扇体规模较大,横向连片发育。 相似文献
2.
准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北地区百口泉组扇三角洲沉积模式 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪-三叠纪强烈的同生断裂活动和逆冲推覆构造使西北缘三叠系为大型内陆坳陷湖盆沉积, 发育多级坡折, 大型坳陷湖盆坡折带控制了玛北地区扇体的发育。通过岩芯、铸体薄片及测井资料, 结合地层超覆叠置、岩性纵向组合及砂体的展布分析可知玛北地区三叠系百口泉组发育典型的扇三角洲沉积, 根据沉积相标志和扇三角洲内部成因沉积单元的精细刻画, 识别出3种亚相和11种微相:即扇三角洲平原亚相的水上泥石流砾岩微相、辫状河道砂砾岩微相、平原河道间砂泥岩微相;扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下主河道砾岩微相、水下河道砂砾岩微相、水下泥石流砂砾岩微相、水下河道间砂泥岩微相、水下河道末端砂岩微相、河口坝-远砂坝砂岩微相;前扇三角洲亚相的前扇三角洲粉砂岩微相和前扇三角洲泥岩微相。玛北地区三叠系是在湖侵背景下多级坡折控制的扇体, 扇三角洲是重力流与牵引流综合沉积作用的结果, 向北东物源方向呈退积沉积, 是一种典型的湖侵退积型扇三角洲。 相似文献
3.
三叠系作为塔里木盆地的主要含油气层系已逐渐被近几年来的油气勘探实践所证实.本文采取综合研究的技术思路和方法,通过取心分析、测井划相,结合开发动态资料,精细刻划各单油砂体在平面及空间上的微相展布.研究表明轮南油田三叠系砂岩,以含砾中粗粒砂岩为主,粒度较粗,重力流沉积特征较突出,以河湖相为主的碎屑岩沉积,其烃源岩主要发育于深湖-半深湖、浅湖和三角洲亚相,从大的韵律到小的层理都显示粒序递变的构造特征,为重力流悬浮搬运沉积的主要标志,存在辫状分支河道微相砂体,分支河道侧缘微相砂体和分支间湾微相砂体三种类型.中上三叠统粗碎屑岩,以及泥岩、粉砂岩,是以半深湖、浅湖至滨岸相环境为主的沉积,自下而上沉积环境分别发育有扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相. 相似文献
4.
鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8致密砂岩沉积特征及沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外露头剖面和井下岩心的岩石学与岩相组合、沉积特征与岩相标志、室内砂岩碎屑矿物组成及其平面分布规律的研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8致密砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主,其次为岩屑石英砂岩,主要为深灰色、灰色、灰白色中砂岩和粗砂岩。研究区从北到南依次为冲积扇、辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系。冲积扇以扇中和扇端为主,主要由冲积水道块状构造含砾粗砂岩组成。往南演化为辫状河沉积,主要包括河道砂坝和泛滥平原微相,其中河道砂坝为其骨架相,由大型交错层理和平行层理发育的粗砂岩和含砾粗砂岩组成。南部发育辫状河三角洲平原和前缘沉积,进一步划分出分流河道、泛滥平原、水下分流河道和分流间湾微相,其中分流河道及水下分流河道为其骨架相,类似于河道砂坝沉积,主要由板状、槽状交错层理粗砂岩及中-细砂岩组成,纵向上多期砂体叠置,横向上叠合成片,成为盒8致密砂岩气藏的良好储集层。 相似文献
5.
松辽地区西部斜坡英台地区姚家组二、三段,是在干旱一半干旱、源近流短、东倾陡坡背景下,在洪积扇前,由辫状河入湖形成的辫状河三角洲沉积。可明显区分出狭窄的辫状河三角洲平原,河口坝不太发育的辫状河三角洲前缘和夹浊积砂的辫状河前三角洲三种沉积亚相。辫状河三角洲平原由灰色含砾砂岩,粗、中砂岩,少量细砂岩,粉砂岩夹紫红色泥岩组成。具有明显的正韵律为特征。辫状河三角洲前缘沉积为灰色-绿灰色中、粗砂岩、细砂岩、少量的含砾砂岩,成正韵律或反韵律夹在灰绿色、灰黑色泥质岩中。辫状河前三角洲沉积多为灰绿色、灰黑色泥质岩,可夹少量砂质浊积岩。上述沉积特征明显地区别于正常河流三角洲沉积和扇三角洲沉积。 相似文献
6.
通过对塔里木盆地库车坳陷南天山山前带克孜勒努尔沟与依奇克里克野外露头沉积相的精细研究,结合山前带大量地震剖面分析与迪那201井、东秋5井等多口钻井测井相和岩心精细描述,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为2个层序。层序2低位域以冲积扇沉积为主,自湖侵体系域始,研究区广泛发育退积与进积型扇三角洲沉积。库姆格列木群层序2湖侵体系域内扇三角洲平原砂体以正韵律沉积为主,砂砾岩占地层厚度的(68.4～87)%;扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均有分布,砂砾岩占地层的百分比有所降低,为(55.2～77)%。高位体系域内主要发育以反韵律砂体为主的扇三角洲前缘沉积。古近系苏维依组只发育一个层序,其低位体系域的砂体为扇三角洲平原与前缘的分流河道砂体,湖侵体系域内扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均发育,高位体系域内主要发育扇三角洲前缘沉积,以反韵律砂体为主,正韵律砂体相对较少。对比苏维依组不同体系域内砂体储集性,湖侵域内砂体优于高位域内砂体。扇三角洲沉积体中有利储集砂体首选为湖侵体系域内的扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝砂体,次之为低位域扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体,最后是高位域内的河口坝及席状砂沉积砂体。特别要指出:低位体系域或者湖侵体系域底部发育的扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体(底砂砾岩)被快速湖侵的较厚的暗色泥岩所覆盖,可形成较好储集场所。 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地西南部沿昆仑山前分布一套逾千米厚的下白垩统碎屑岩,岩相以浅红色中、细砂岩,褐红色砂砾岩、砾岩为主,夹浅红色泥岩和薄层浅灰色细砂岩。按生物组合及岩性特征,自下而上可划分5个岩性段。第1段为灰绿色泥岩段,沉积环境以湖相和前扇三角洲沉积为主;第2段为砂砾岩段,沉积环境以扇三角洲前缘和平原沉积为主;第3段为含砾粗砂岩段,沉积环境以辫状河－辫状河三角洲平原沉积为主;第4段为细砂岩夹泥岩段,沉积环境以辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积为主;第5段为泥岩夹砂岩段,沉积环境为辫状河三角洲前缘、前辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖相沉积。沉积环境由快速堆积的扇三角洲-冲积扇向辫状河-辫状河三角洲演化,沉积厚度达1000余米。构造背景为强烈拉张的构造环境,是断陷盆地发育的重要时期。中细砂岩达70％以上,砂岩孔隙类型为原生粒间孔,孔隙度10％~20％,渗透率1~1000×10－3μm2,是塔里木盆地中生代油气勘探的重要目的层系。 相似文献
8.
本文利用现代沉积学、测井学和地震勘探等手段，对王庄地区砂砾岩扇体特征进行了研究，认为该区在古近纪以形成古近系的较高水动力能砂砾岩扇体沉积体为主，其中扇三角洲砂砾岩体是本区最主要的砂砾岩扇体类型，并具有较好的储集性能，是本区最主要的油气储集体；王庄地区砂砾岩扇体沉积，强烈地受控于边界构造条件；砂砾岩扇体沉积及其形态均受沉积相的控制，并具有复杂多变的特征，从而导致了本区油气藏的聚集和分布具有复杂多变的特点。 相似文献
9.
利用现代沉积学理论结合测井和地震等资料，对郑家王庄地区砂砾岩扇体特征研究后认为：郑家王庄地区在下第三系以形成沙一、沙三、四段的较高水动力能砂砾岩扇体（冲积扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇）沉积体为主，其中沙三上亚段扇三角洲砂砾岩体是本区最主要的砂砾岩扇体类型，并具有较好的储集性能，是区内最主要的油气储集体；郑家王庄地区砂砾岩扇体沉积，强烈地受制于边界构造条件；其砂砾岩扇体沉积及其形态均受沉积相的控制，并具有复杂多变的特征，从而直接导致了本区油气藏的聚集和分布具有复杂多变的特点。 相似文献
10.
扇三角洲砾砾岩储层沉积特征及与储层物性的关系—以罗家油田沙四段砂砾岩体为例 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
从岩心和各类薄片资料入手，以沉积物和储层地质学为基础，结合各类分析资料，对山东沾化凹陷罗家油田沙四段砂砾岩体储层的沉积特征进行了研究。前人所提出的水下冲积扇和近岸水下扇沉积的认识，忽视了扇形沉积体的水上部分，因而改为扇三角洲沉积更为适合。扇三角洲沉积可进一步细分为扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲三个沉积相及五个微相，其中水下分流河道沉积微相的储层最为发育。详细阐述了砂砾岩体的岩性、沉积微相等沉积因素对储层物性的影响，其中粒度对砂砾岩储层特性与对砂岩储层物性的影响明显不同。 相似文献
11.
一、引言 1987和1988年仲夏,我们中国和联邦德国的地质同行联合对西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带进行了地质考察,对日喀则地区所出露的第三系磨拉石进行了比较详细的沉积学工作,现将初步研究成果作一个简略介绍。西藏日喀则地区第三系磨拉石主要出露于雅鲁藏布江一带,是一套砾岩、砂岩、泥岩和少量泥灰岩的沉积组合,作为碰撞造山带山前或山间盆地的沉积产物,已被许多学者所认识。本文主要讨论始新—渐新世大竹卡组(钱定宇等,1985)磨拉石沉积,尤其是砾岩的沉积机制,并认为湖相砾质扇三角洲沉积是该磨拉石盆地的最主要沉积类型之一,扇三角洲沉积相带发育齐全,在德日剖面和南卡堆剖面(图1)部有完好的扇三角洲层序,是一种独特的、以突发性片状颗粒流和片状牵引流沉积为代表的扇三角洲类型。在青藏高原羌塘地区(余光明等,1986)和柴达木盆地(邓宏文等,1987)都报道过类似的第三纪沉积。研究此类发育于特定大地构造背景的扇三角洲的沉积特征和形成机制具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
12.
B. Peng Z. Jin J. Wang H. Jia X. Zhu T. Chang K. Yuan 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(6):606-619
The sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a retrogradational fan-delta system within Lower Triassic in the Mabei area of Junggar Basin in northwestern China were investigated using seismic, well log, and core data, complemented by the modern deposition and a flume tank experiment. The Lower Triassic in the Mabei area is dominated by fan deltas, which are composed of fan-delta plain (including subaerial debris flow, braided channel, conglomerate overbank, and floodplain), fan-delta front (including conglomerate shoal and sandy shoal), and prodelta. The braided channels form during the low flood period. The conglomerate overbanks form during the flood period and occupy most part of the fan-delta plain. The conglomerate shoals and sandy shoals form by a sheet flow prograding into lakes and occur as a sheet. The braided channels, conglomerate shoals, and sandy shoals are easy to form high-porosity reservoirs. One long-term base level cycles (LSC1), three middle-term base level cycles (MSC1, MSC2, and MSC3), and fifteen short-term base level cycles are identified. MSC1 is dominated by the fan-delta plain; MSC2 is dominated by the fan-delta front; and MSC3 is dominated by the fan-delta front and prodelta. The stratigraphy shows a proximal-middle-distal trend demonstrating an overall retrogradation stacking pattern. The sequence architecture is controlled by an interplay between lake level changes and sediment supply. The quick rise in the lake level and the creation of accommodation outpacing the rate of sediment supply result in a retrogradational fan-delta syste. 相似文献
13.
The Pliocene to possibly Pleistocene uppermost Orubadi and Era Formations, southwest margin of the Papuan Peninsula, are interpreted as having been deposited in alluvial-fan, fan-delta and shallow-marine environments. The alluvial-fan facies consists primarily of lenticular, coarse-grained conglomerate (up to 2 m boulders) and cross-bedded and horizontally laminated sandstone. Conglomerate and sandstone were deposited in shallow fluvial channels and by overbank sheetfloods. The facies also contains thick mudflow diamictite and minor tuff and terrestrial mudstone. The shallow-marine and fan-delta facies, in contrast, consists of heterogeneously interbedded marine and terrestrial mudstone, sandstone, diamictite, conglomerate and limestone. Marine mudstone is calcareous, sandy, bioturbated, and contains marine shells. Limestone is mostly packstone that has a varied, open-marine fauna. Rare coral boundstone is also present. Marine sandstone is burrowed to bioturbated and is hummocky cross-stratified in places. Some marine mudstone contains sandstone pillows formed by loading of unconsolidated sand by storm waves. Other sandstone in the fan-delta facies is cross-bedded, lacks shells and was probably deposited by fluvial processes. Several conglomerate beds in the fan-delta facies are well sorted and imbricated and were also deposited by stream floods. The synorogenic Orubadi and Era Formations were deposited in a foreland basin formed from loading of the Papuan–Aure Fold and Thrust Belt on the edge of the Australian craton. Deformation in the fold and thrust belt was probably related to docking and compression of the Finisterre Terrane–Bismarck Arc against the New Guinea Orogen. The Era Formation interfingers with the reefal Wedge Hill Limestone in which reef facies likely grew on a deforming anticline. Era Formation siliciclastics were sourced from volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks that were uplifted in the orogen to the northeast. Volcanic sediment was derived mostly from a then-active volcanic arc likely related to southward subduction at the Trobriand Trough. 相似文献
14.
以精细小层划分对比为基础,根据取芯井/段岩芯,识别主要岩石类型和沉积微相类型,建立测井微相识别模式,并应用于非取芯井/段,分析单层的沉积体系与沉积微相展布。伊通盆地鹿乡断陷C区块双二段岩石类型包括砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩4类。识别出扇三角洲前缘及扇三角洲平原2种亚相,细分为14种沉积微相,并建立了各种微相的测井相模式。对本区37口井进行沉积微相识别。C区块Ⅳ4单层沉积微相类型与沉积体系分析结果显示该层为东部近物源沉积,河道由东向西延伸,且河道常发生叠置或改道。 相似文献
15.
Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan-delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix- and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone; and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high- and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout. The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1–2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout. A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the 相似文献
16.
M. B. EDWARDS 《Sedimentology》1975,22(1):75-94
Tillites, conglomerates and sandstones occurring in the basal part of the Smalfjord Formation along the Varangerfjord, East Finnmark, North Norway are believed to have formed during the retreat of a glacier. At Kvalnes, on the south side of the fjord, the following sequence, up to 20 m thick, is found: (1) massive monomict tillite interpreted as a subglacial till, (2) massive polymict tillite with lenticular intercalations of stratified sandstone and tillite, interpreted as supraglacial/proglacial drift, (3) polymict conglomerate interstratified with laminated sandstones, interpreted as braided stream deposits. The last named interfingers laterally and is overlain by marine sandstones. At Bigganjargga, near the head of the fjord, a lens of tillite about 3 m thick rests on a striated pavement and is overlain by sandstones and shales. Part of the tillite, containing irregular patches of slightly winnowed tillite, is interpreted as a melt-out till, while a marginal part consisting of inclined tillite beds is interpreted as a series of flow till deposits. The lens is believed to be an oblique section through what was originally an ice-cored moraine ridge. During a subsequent transgression, the moraine was partially eroded, a lag conglomerate was formed, and overlying marine sediments were deposited. Bedded flow tills formed in a supraglacial/proglacial environment may be preserved where the extent of current reworking is very low (such as an isolated end moraine). Stratified conglomerate and sandstone, intimately intercalated with tillite, is to be expected at a glacier margin where glacial meltwater is locally and occasionally abundant, and glacier ablation permits downslope flowage of mobilized supraglacial fluid till. 相似文献
17.
黄河口凹陷A区古近系沙河街组三段沉积相 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过岩心观察描述和沉积相分析,结合地震、测井、录井、分析化验资料综合分析结果表明：黄河口凹陷A区沙河街组三段发育扇三角洲相、湖底扇相和湖泊相。沙三段下亚段沉积相特征在沙三段沉积时期具有代表性。沙三段下亚段主要储层沉积相类型为扇三角洲相和湖底扇相。扇三角洲相划分为扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲3个亚相。扇三角洲平原亚相由泥石流和水道沉积组成。扇三角洲前缘亚相由近端坝和远端坝沉积组成。湖底扇相可分为内扇、中扇和外扇3个亚相。内扇主要由滑塌堆积和碎屑流沉积组成,中扇主要由碎屑流和浊流沉积组成,外扇主要由浊流沉积组成。沙三段下亚段沉积时期,沉积相的平面展布具有一定的规律性,表现为：靠近南部盆缘断裂发育扇三角洲相,向湖方向发育湖底扇相,向北逐渐过渡为湖泊相。沙三段下亚段沉积时期,盆地明显为南陡北缓的箕状断陷湖盆,陡坡带活动盆缘断裂控制了扇三角洲相的分布。 相似文献
18.
扇三角洲是一类非常重要的油气聚集场所,准确可靠的扇三角洲沉积模式,对储集层预测具有重要意义。准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组发育一套扇三角洲沉积体系,虽然前人做了大量的研究,但在沉积模式方面仍存在一些争议。通过现代沉积考察、前人水槽模拟实验、研究区测井、岩心等资料综合分析发现: (1)玛北地区百口泉组扇三角洲平原发育3类微相,即辫状河道微相、砾质漫滩微相、水上朵前泥微相,同时可见泥石流沉积;玛北地区百口泉组扇三角洲前缘发育2种微相,即砾质浅滩微相、砂质浅滩微相,同时可见碎屑流沉积;(2)扇三角洲平原河道与河道间均为砂砾岩,河道砂砾岩的分选性明显好于河道间砂砾岩;(3)扇三角洲前缘不发育水下分流河道,扇三角洲前缘的砂砾岩主体是由扇三角洲平原片流入湖形成的,呈席状。 相似文献