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1.
刘慧玲 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(6):8-11
对寄生在九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis Reeve)贝壳上的凿贝才女虫(Polydora ciliata)进行了观察，将其发育过程分为卵、胚胎、幼虫和成虫4个阶段，并对这4个阶段的形态结构进行了描述和讨论。由于凿贝才女虫寄生，九孔鲍贝壳内侧形成弯曲的管道和隆起，其外套膜被破坏，严重影响了九孔鲍生长，甚至导致其死亡。 相似文献
2.
研究雷州半岛自然生活条件、养殖条件下的野生贝和全人工养殖条件下的养殖贝主要污损及寄居生物。结果表明:大珠母贝主要污损及寄居生物共46种,其中自然生活条件下野生贝的污损及寄居生物有24种,养殖条件下野生贝的污损与寄居生物42种,养殖贝的污损及寄居生物有31种;根据附着或寄居部位可将大珠母贝污损及寄居生物可分为4种类型:贝壳表面附生型、贝壳层寄居型、贝壳内侧寄居型、外套腔寄居型;海绵、缨鳃虫、龙介沙蚕、长鳃树蛰虫为贝壳表面附生型主要种类,砗磲江珧虾为外套腔寄居型种类,对大珠母贝危害较小;石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、有盾海扇虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫为贝壳层寄居型的主要种类;吻蛇稚虫为贝壳内侧寄居型,对大珠母贝危害较大。自然生活条件下野生贝主要危害种类为石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫,养殖条件下野生贝主要危害种类有石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、有盾海扇虫、吻蛇稚虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫;养殖贝受寄居生物危害较小。 相似文献
3.
基于nad2-cox1核苷酸序列分析了皱纹盘鲍和九孔鲍3个养殖群体的遗传差异,基于cox1分析了鲍属19种鲍的系统发育关系。共获得625 bp的DNA片段,33个片段共检测到17种单倍型,其中皱纹盘鲍2个群体26个个体15种单倍型,九孔鲍7个个体2种单倍型。皱纹盘鲍大连群体与厦门群体有6种交叉共享单倍型,皱纹盘鲍与九孔鲍之间无共享单倍型。皱纹盘鲍群体内个体间的遗传距离(D)为0.002~0.015,九孔鲍个体间D值为0.003,两种鲍间的遗传距离为0.300~0.320。鲍属系统发育分析显示,皱纹盘鲍与日本鲍、盘鲍聚为一支(D值为0.000~0.004),而后与大鲍聚在一起(支持率为100﹪)(D值为0.018),九孔鲍、细纹九孔鲍、杂色鲍聚为一支(D值为0)。九孔鲍与马蹄螺科的Diloma bicanaliculata聚为一支,白鲍、黑鲍、红鲍、北国鲍、堪察加鲍聚为一支(支持率87﹪)。 相似文献
4.
九孔鲍养殖群体与野生群体杂交一代生长比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)汕尾养殖群体(BD)和深圳野生群体(YS)进行群体间杂交及群体内自繁,获得YS♀×BD♂、BD♀×YS♂、BD♀×BD♂和YS♀×YS♂4个组合的F1代,对其卵径、受精率、幼体附着率、幼体变态率,以及40、70、100、160、220、280日龄幼鲍的存活率及壳长、壳宽等进行比较。结果表明:野生群体卵径比养殖群体大12.14%,差异极显著(p值<0.01);受精率、附着率、变态率,杂交组显著大于自繁组(p值<0.05);杂交组在幼体存活率、稚贝主要生长性状与自繁组相比均表现出不同程度的杂种优势,幼鲍存活率平均杂种优势变化范围为(14.89±3.60)%～(43.00±2.15)%,壳长平均杂种优势变化范围为(5.18±1.46)%～(18.52±2.12)%,壳宽平均杂种优势变化范围为(6.17±1.09)%～(16.72±1.26)%,体质量平均杂种优势变化范围为(9.86±1.25)%～(12.55±1.26)%;通过野生群体与养殖群体的杂交育苗能提高九孔鲍的经济性状。 相似文献
5.
采用筏式吊养模式,分别研究水层与饵料两因子对九孔鲍幼鲍生长与存活的影响。养殖水层设置5个水深,分别为-1 m,-2 m,-3 m,-4 m,-5 m;3类饵料分别为海带、江篱菜、海带+江篱菜。通过单因素方差分析方法对养殖60、120日龄时的九孔鲍生长性状进行方差分析,并对不同水平下的均数进行多重比较,结果表明:水层因子对60日龄九孔鲍的壳长和壳宽及存活率均无显著影响(p值>0.05),对体质量影响显著(p值<0.05);对120日龄鲍苗的所有生长性状均有显著影响;饵料因子对60日龄和120日龄鲍苗的体质量、壳长、壳宽与存活率均有影响显著(p值>0.05)。综合水层和饵料的实验结果表明,在-2 m水层以江蓠菜+海带为饵料时,九孔鲍幼鲍的生长最好,主要生长性状均显著大于其他组合。 相似文献
6.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(5)
【目的】探讨盐度对不同规格九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)耗氧量和排氨率的影响。【方法】采用实验室生态学方法,测定7种盐度下(21、24、27、30、33、36和40)3种规格[干质量(1.53±0.14)、(1.11±0.23)和(0.68±0.20)g]九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率。【结果】(1)盐度在21～36时,耗氧率随着盐度的上升而增大;盐度为36时,3种规格九孔鲍的耗氧率均达到最大值;当盐度大于36时,耗氧率随盐度上升而下降,九孔鲍的耗氧率(R_O)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_O=a m~(-b),其中a的波动范围在0.412～1.216之间,平均值为0.818±0.286;b的波动范围在0.311～0.546之间,平均值为0.446±0.074;(2)排氨率在实验盐度范围内呈持续升高趋势,排氨率(R_N)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_N=c m~(-d),其中c的波动范围在0.174～0.621之间,平均值为0.330±0.154;d的波动范围在0.439～0.668之间,平均值为0.521±0.084;(3)相同盐度下,九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率随干质量的增大而显著减小(P <0.05),且耗氧率和排氨率与干质量均符合R=a m~(-b)模型;(4)九孔鲍的规格对O/N比值影响不显著(P> 0.05),当盐度为40时,O/N值显著降低。【结论】盐度、规格及两者间的交互作用均对九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。 相似文献
7.
鲍是我国重要的增养殖经济贝类,台湾和南方沿海分布与养殖的主要为Haliotis diversicolor,它有平纹九孔H.diversicolor supertexta和粗纹九孔H.diversicolor diversicolor两个亚种,但由于多年的相互引种,目前亚种间已无明显界限。台湾和福建称之为台湾鲍或九孔(鲍),而广东及其以南沿海常称为杂色鲍。1979年,台湾九孔鲍人工繁殖成功后开始在东北角养殖,随后推广至岛内其他地区,养殖方式从潮间围堰发展到陆地平面及立体网笼式。大陆鲍规模化养殖起始于上世纪80代中后期的大连和山东沿海,养殖种类为当地的皱纹盘鲍H.discus hannai及随后引进… 相似文献
8.
在自然海区设置5个水平养殖密度,分别为100、200、300、500、700只/组,每组分别设置1平行组,观察筏式养殖密度对九孔鲍生长的影响,结果表明:养殖密度对九孔鲍的生长和存活率有显著影响(p值<0.05),在5只密度组中以低密度组的生长最快,存活率最高,平均日增壳长、日增壳宽与日增体质量分别达72.50μm/d、40.00μm/d与14.17 mg/d;随着养殖密度的增加,九孔鲍生长逐渐减慢,存活率逐渐降低;在实验范围内,养殖密度与平均日增体质量的回归方程式为y=12.338 exp(-0.000 2x)。 相似文献
9.
鲍是海产软体动物,广泛分布于我国南方海域。目前,广东沿海工厂化饲养的鲍,主要是从台湾引进的杂色鲍亚种,即九孔鲍（Haliotisdiversicoloraquatilis）。它的营养价值高,味道鲜美,早已被誉为八珍之一,其贝壳在中医药上称为“石决明”,有清肝明目之效。对于以海水为生存环境的生物来说,海水的盐度对生物的生长、发育起着至关重要的作用。目前关于盐度对贝类的影响尤其是在鲍方面的研究还少见报道［‘－’j。1997年6～7月间南海北部海域连续降雨,造成沿岸海域盐度局部骤降,给鲍的工厂化养殖造成严重影响,考虑上述原因,作者在199… 相似文献
10.
采用平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,构建九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系(每个雄鲍配3个雌鲍),分别测定每个母系生长到8月龄的全同胞个体30个后代的壳长、壳宽和体质量,应用数量遗传学的全同胞组内相关分析法,利用SPSS软件的GLM过程计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算九孔鲍8月龄生长性状的遗传力以及性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明:利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是九孔鲍各生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值,其中壳长、壳宽和体质量性状的狭义遗传力的估计值分别为0.285、0.264和0.343,属于中高等遗传力,显示出较高的选择育种潜力;基于父系半同胞遗传协方差组分及表型协方差分别估计的各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关表明,各性状间均表现出高的正相关,其中壳长―壳宽、壳长―体质量和壳宽―体质量性状间遗传相关的相关系数分别为0.947、0.934、0.902,表型相关的相关系数分别为0.910、0.791、0.760。经t检验,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究表明,以任何一个生长性状为参数进行选育,均可达到改良九孔鲍生长的效果。 相似文献
11.
Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk.The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period,which has direct influence on abalone survival and production.The influence of reactive oxygen species(hydrogen peroxide) on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study.Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide.They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L.The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae,as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis.In addition,H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance.24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time.In this paper,two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed:(1) hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells,thus cause apoptosis;(2) hydrogen peroxide,as a product from catecholamines' autoxidation process in vivo,can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis. 相似文献
12.
Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk. The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period, which has direct influence on abalone survival and production. The influence of reactive oxygen species （hydrogen peroxide） on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study. Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide. They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L. The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae, as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis. In addition, H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance. 24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time. In this paper, two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed： （1） hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells, thus cause apoptosis; （2） hydrogen peroxide, as a product from catecholamines＇ autoxidation process in vivo, can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis. 相似文献
13.
As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP,DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of 1-1. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs. 相似文献
14.
As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs).
In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos
died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch.
In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high
abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in
all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control.
Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP.
Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos
of H. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40476057) 相似文献
15.
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is one of the most important mollusks cultured in South China. Preliminary genetic linkage maps were constructed with
amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 2 596 AFLP markers were obtained from 28 primer combinations
in two parents and 78 offsprings. Among them, 412 markers (15.9%) were polymorphic and segregated in the mapping family. Chi-square
tests showed that 151 (84.4%) markers segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio (P<0.05) in the female parent, and 200 (85.8%) in the male parent. For the female map, 179 markers were used for linkage analysis
and 90 markers were assigned to 17 linkage groups with an average interval length of 25.7 cm. For the male map, 233 markers
were used and 94 were mapped into 18 linkage groups, with an average interval of 25.0 cm. The estimated genome length was
2 773.0 cm for the female and 2 817.1 cm for the male map. The observed length of the linkage map was 1 875.2 cm and 1 896.5
cm for the female and male maps, respectively. When doublets were considered, the map length increased to 2 152.8 cm for the
female and 2 032.7 cm for the male map, corresponding to genome coverage of 77.6% and 72.2%, respectively. 相似文献
16.
We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels
of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone,
Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT.
In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared
with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration
of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals
exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity
was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than
in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT
cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph.
SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone. 相似文献
17.
华贵栉孔扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内实验研究了水温28.5～29.4℃、pH值7.6～8.1条件下,华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis(Reeve)稚贝(壳高9.77±0.19mm)对不同盐度的适应性。结果表明:华贵栉孔扇贝稚贝适宜生存盐度为24.27~37.18,最适生存盐度为26.91~32.13,适宜生长盐度为24.56~37.09,最适生长盐度为26.91~29.52。在适宜生存盐度范围内,当盐度变化超出最适范围时,低盐端变化对相对成活率、壳高日增长率、体重日增长率影响比高盐端明显。 相似文献
18.
进行了施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii Reeve)的人工育苗、幼虫发育及行为观察实验。结果显示:在施氏獭蛤幼虫发育过程中,壳顶后期幼虫只有鳃丝及足出现,而没有眼点出现,发达的足和鳃丝是幼虫变态的标志;幼虫变态期明显的分为3～5d的爬行期和3～5d的附着期;爬行期幼虫有单条水管形成,附着期幼虫只有一条分叉的足丝,水管为单管型;底栖稚贝期开始形成两条水管,底栖稚贝早期的幼虫不具备潜沙能力,只进行爬行活动,随着水管的快速发育,幼虫逐渐具备潜沙能力,幼虫壳长达2500μm、水管长达6000μm以上时,最终具备和成体一样的完全潜沙能力。 相似文献
19.
Yan Gao Tao Zhang Libin Zhang Tianlong Qiu Dongxiu Xue Hongsheng Yang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(6):1071-1077
Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed. 相似文献