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1.
由于影响因素的复杂性及参数选取的问题,基于固结理论的沉降计算值与实测值有较大差异,沉降预测有着重要的研究意义。灰色系统理论成功地解决了许多信息不完全的预测问题,并得到了广泛的应用。灰色模型的建立,是以等时距原始数据作为前提条件的。由于在实际应用时所获取的数据往往不是等时距的,难以建立其预测模型。为了克服灰色模型以上缺点,对灰色模型进行了改进,建立了不等时矩的预测模型。将不等时距灰色预测模型应用于武汉阳逻电厂烟囱基础沉降中,并采用FLAC3D有限差分程序对烟囱基础沉降全过程数值模拟,通过跟踪关键监测点的位移与实际监测值对比研究,结果表明,不等时距灰色预测模型精度较好,可以运用到实际工程中。 相似文献
2.
为研究东太平洋海隆9°～10°N热液活动特征,采用成因矿物学方法,通过矿相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析以及电子探针等手段,对烟囱体矿物成分、结构和地球化学特征进行了研究.该区烟囱体硫化物矿物有3种矿物组合:(1)硬石膏 白铁矿 黄铁矿;(2)黄铁矿 闪锌矿 黄铜矿;(3)黄铜矿 斑铜矿 蓝辉铜矿 铜蓝.成矿热液流体温度经历了低-高-低的变化,最高温度可达到400℃以上.该热液烟囱为典型的"黑烟囱"类型,早期硬石膏沉淀形成烟囱体的框架,后期的金属硫化物在烟囱体内表面沉淀,由烟囱壁向内形成了硬石膏-黄铁矿、多金属硫化物和黄铜矿及次生铜矿物的矿物分带. 相似文献
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通过地处上海某厂锅炉房濒危烟囱北侧仅5米处的实验楼基础施工，详尽介绍了施工过程中保护濒危烟囱的防护工程对策，以及采用信息化施工技术而取得的良好经济效益。 相似文献
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海底硫化物黑烟囱典型结构构造及其成因意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在已发现的现代海底黑烟囱中基本都发育分带性构造、通道构造、胶状构造、多孔和填充构造、交代构造、枝状构造等,这些构造为硫化物烟囱的典型构造,它们记录了硫化物烟囱的形成过程和每个阶段的特征,是鉴别硫化物烟囱构造的重要特征。不同类型烟囱的形成除了与其围岩相关外,也与烟囱演化的成熟度相关。弥散式喷射作用(diffuser)是与烟囱构造相似的常在丘体中发育的另一重要构造,与烟囱构造不同的是弥散式喷射缺乏象烟囱那样的轴向中央通道,热液与海水的混合有严格的范围。烟囱与弥散式喷射作用是丘体上部形成的主要机制。在现代陆上保存的地史时期的块状硫化物矿床中,陆续找到了遗留下来的烟囱构造或烟囱残片(如乌拉尔、皮尔巴拉、爱尔兰、高板河等),为块状硫化物矿床的黑烟囱形成机制提供了直接的证据。 相似文献
5.
高烟囱爆破拆除倾倒折断力学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对150 m以上高烟囱在爆破拆除过程中频繁发生空中折断的现象,按照国内烟囱设计规范[1],选定相应烟囱结构设计参数,通过建立高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱在爆破拆除定向倾倒过程中的力学模型,推导了任一时刻烟囱任一截面的内力分布表达式和极限承载能力表达式,分析了其破坏机制。根据所受的荷载和承载能力对烟囱倾倒过程中是否会发生空中断裂进行了判断,结果表明,高度超过150 m的钢筋混凝土烟囱在倾倒角度超过40°～60°后,均可能在离顶部约1/3烟囱高度处发生断裂。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(4)
2013年广州海洋地质调查局在我国南海东北部陆坡海域实施天然气水合物钻探,获取了多种类型的高纯度水合物实物样品,进一步表明了南海存在丰富的天然气水合物资源前景。在此钻探之前,通过多年的地球物理、地球化学以及地质综合调查工作,积累了大量与天然气水合物赋存相关的各种地质数据。本文利用1D流体运移模型,结合热流站位的温压场数据以及多道地震数据所反映的BSR信息,计算了各个有效热流站位的流体运移速率,并结合钻探区的地质构造背景和钻探井位天然气水合物层位的分布情况,分析了流体运移速率分布特征,初步阐释了流体运移速率、构造背景以及与天然气水合物形成的相互关系。计算结果表明,钻探区流体运移速率数据分布区间为-25~+38cm/a,反映了钻探区构造背景相对复杂。流体运移速率分布具有规律性,主要受到断层和气烟囱的类别控制,可分为两大类。第一类为位于钻探区北部高地的继承性断层,断面直立陡倾并部分切穿海底,伴有大型气烟囱顶部或数量众多的侧翼小型活动正断层,为深部大规模流体运移提供了充足通道。受此类地质条件控制的流体运移速率表现为幅值波动较大,天然气水合物多发育在海底浅层,且呈现多层分布。第二类为位于钻探区西南部以及东部较大水深的滑动断层以及小型气烟囱,断层主体表现断层面清晰,断面较缓,刺穿尺度较短,气烟囱发育也比较晚,一定程度上限制了来自深部流体运移的规模。受此类地质条件控制的流体运移速率表现较为缓和,流体运移速率波动范围小,天然气水合物多发育在海底深层。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(4):352-369
印缅俯冲增生楔位于印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲前缘,是深水油气勘探的重要地带。重新审视深水油气勘探潜力、认识增生楔地区油气成藏模式和机理是当前研究热点。印缅俯冲带增生楔提供了一个良好实例和研究契机,它不仅是一个斜向俯冲增生楔,而且是一个气烟囱发育的增生楔。本文基于高精度地震资料,应用地震波组和频谱扫描、地震属性检测以及基于多层感知器的非线性神经网络技术,识别出该区气烟囱具有分带性,且在增生楔斜坡和海沟盆地气烟囱发育。气烟囱总体表现出向海渐新、期次递减的特征,即增生楔斜坡以全新世和中新世两期发育的断层型气烟囱为主,纵向上横跨渐新统至更新统;海沟盆地以全新世发育的背斜型气烟囱为主,纵向上横跨中新统至全新统。气烟囱发育的动力来源为渐新统和中新统烃源岩持续生烃形成的超压,幕式构造活动产生气源通道,古近系和新近系中的泥页岩等提供封盖条件。气烟囱与油气成藏关系密切,具有振幅、频率、相位等地震异常并伴有亮点、平点等地震反射的相关伴生构造是油气运聚的有利目标。结合气烟囱的气源特征,本文提出混源断层型、生物气源断层-背斜型、生物气源背斜型等三种气烟囱成藏模式,指出海沟盆地气烟囱地震异常体具有较好的浅层天然气勘探前景,下覆烃源岩内幕构造、岩性圈闭是另一个有利的油气勘探领域。 相似文献
10.
定向钻管段穿越石方段时防腐可能划伤,应增加外防护层或采用帕罗特防腐结构;地下存在孤石时,管条回拖前进行试拖就可以发现问题并克服。 相似文献
11.
随着中国经济高速发展和加强对基本农田的保护,越来越多的大型火电厂建设于山区且多数为坑口电厂,一般会涉及到西南地区主要含煤地层二叠系上统龙潭组（P2l）。龙潭组是由海陆交替相含煤砂、页岩等软质、易滑地层构成的,在龙潭组岩层区建设坑口电厂大型山体滑坡等不良地质作用是不可回避的工程地质问题。本文以贵州省某电厂大型山体滑坡对工程场地适宜区域划定的影响研究为出发点,认为山区坑口电厂建设中对大型山体滑坡的分析评价只要遵守查明基本地质条件,评价滑坡稳定性,划定适宜建设区域,提出处理建议的基本工作流程,大型火力电厂在大型山体滑坡附近建设是可行的。 相似文献
12.
S. Scheiner B. Pichler Ch. Hellmich J. Eberhardsteiner 《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(8):371-380
Oil and gas pipelines covered with a mixture of sandy gravel and square-edged stones are subjected to abrasive shear loading steming from temperature-induced displacements of the pipeline in longitudinal direction. This requires wear protection of the outer anti-corrosion film of such pipes. In order to assess appropriate means for protection, adverse settlements on both sides of the soil-covered pipeline are assumed as relevant loading scenario. A nonlinear, elastoplastic, cap model-based Finite Element model delivers the radial stresses exerted onto the pipeline, due to settlement-induced load re-arrangement within the cohesionless soil body. Given a cover height of 1.5 m, the aforementioned load re-arrangement leads to an increase of force action onto the pipe by up to 200%. Based on the grain size of the filling material, radial stresses are integrated as to estimate the maximum normal forces exerted by single stone corners onto the pipe’s anti-corrosion film. These forces, when analyzed through Archard’s law, allow for calculation of the service life of the protection layer enveloping the pipe, once the wear resistance of that layer is determined from experiments, as is done for geosynthetics. Since the service life of a geosynthetic protection layer of the anti-corrosion film turns out to be distinctively smaller than the standard service life of a soil-covered steel pipeline, protection through geosynthetic layers is insufficient. Hence, more effective means for protection are suggested. 相似文献
13.
Bharat M. Sule 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(1):107-110
Wind energy is a popular from the non-conventional energy sources in the World. In India states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Orissa, and Maharashtra are as regarded as superior areas with respect to this type energy. The installed capacity of wind in India till December 2010 was 13,056.37 MW, principally distributed throughout the Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, etc. In Maharashtra, there are 38 wind farms and the 3655 wind machines are installed with the 3431.86MW capacity of power generation up to September 2013. In Satara district, 17 wind sites and also other some sites are discovered. At present there are 1636 wind turbines are installed with its capacity of power generation is 1122.61MW and the production of wind energy of 2183745.15KWh average per annum in Satara district.The main objectives of the present paper are to assess the scope of non-conventional energy resources especially the power generation from wind and to analyze the trend and distribution of the wind mills and wind farms in Satara district. It is find out the amount of recovered from the power generation comes around 12 years without subsidy and around 8 years with subsidy. The total life span of wind turbines is 25 years. It is very much clean and does not cause any problem to the environment as well as to the survival on the surface of the earth. Therefore, it is inferred that the generation of power from wind is not only cheaper and permanent energy source but also a non-polluting, freely available source. It is helpful for the development of economically and socially in a region especially in rural development. With these consequences the income level will increase and it will further help in minimising the social disparities. 相似文献
14.
Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from coal and natural gas thermal power plants using life cycle approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
K. Kr. Agrawal S. Jain A. Kr. Jain S. Dahiya 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(4):1157-1164
The importance of mitigation of climate change due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from various developmental and infrastructure projects has generated interest at global level to reduce environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment may be used as a tool to assess GHG emissions and subsequent environmental impacts resulting from electricity generation from thermal power plants. This study uses life cycle approach for assessing GHG emissions and their impacts due to natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) and imported coal thermal power plants using the IPCC 2001 and Eco-Indicator 99(H) methods in India for the first time. The total GHG emission from the NGCC thermal power plant was 584 g CO2 eq/kWh electricity generation, whereas in case of imported coal, it was 1,127 g CO2 eq/kWh electricity generation. This shows that imported coal has nearly ~2 times more impacts when compared to natural gas in terms of global warming potential and human health as disability-adjusted life years from climate change due to GHG emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). 相似文献
15.
以标贯试验为依据的砂土液化确定性及概率判别法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
核电厂址非基岩场地的地基液化问题是核电厂选址的关键问题,亟需建立核电厂址地基液化判别方法。回顾了以标贯试验和地表峰值加速度为依据的砂土液化判别方法的演化历史,依据Idriss-Boulanger确定液化临界曲线的基本方法,提出了确定液化临界曲线的基本原则,分别依据美国液化数据库、中国抗震规范液化判别式所用的液化数据及综合两者的液化数据资料,给出了相应的液化临界曲线,验证了液化临界曲线的位置对不同的细粒含量、有效上覆压力、现场试验方法的液化数据的合理性,分析了测量或估计土层循环应力比和修正标贯击数各种因素的不确定性对液化临界曲线的敏感性,结果表明：所提的液化临界曲线不易受各种因素的影响。利用Monte Carlo模拟、加权最大似然法和加权经验概率法,给出了液化临界曲线的名义抗液化安全系数与液化概率的经验关系式及概率等值线,并对核电厂Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类抗震物项地基,给出了相应的液化临界曲线。 相似文献
16.
The radioactive selenium isotope 79Se can be a component of radioactive waste produced in nuclear power plants. The accidental release of 79Se in the environment from power plants or nuclear waste repositories, and subsequent transfer of 79Se into soils, plants and food chain, are relevant concerns in Europe. In environmental risk assessment models, the ability of plants to take up Se is often characterized by means of soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF). However, these recommendations take little or no account of the variability in plant Se accumulation among plant species and differences in Se distribution between plant parts. Also, such factors as soil type, form of Se, climatic conditions, as well as the chemical form in which Se is present in the soil, are not taken into consideration. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101498
The United States is one of the world's leaders in electricity production, generating about 4116 billion kWh in 2021, of which coal accounted for 21.8% of the total. This study applies an integrated approach using both terrestrial and satellite data to specifically examine emissions from coal-fired power plants and its spatial extent. The study also highlights the effectiveness of government policies to reduce emissions. It was found that emission of pollutants from the country's energy sector has been steadily declining, with annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) decreasing from the US electric power sector between 1990 and 2020 by 93.4% and 84.8%, respectively, and carbon dioxide (CO2) by 37% between 2007 and 2020. Although overall emissions from coal-fired power plants are declining, some individual plants have yet to install environmental equipment to control emissions. According to US government data, major emitters of SO2, NOx, and CO2 in the US are the Martin Lake power plant in East Texas, the Labadie power plant near St. Louis, Missouri, and the James H Miller Jr plant near Birmingham, Alabama. This study also integrates TROPOMI satellite data to detect point emissions from individual power plants. While the highest levels of measured pollutants were over the country's major cities and areas of fossil fuel extraction, TROPOMI could clearly distinguish the pollution caused by power plants in more rural areas. Although the US has made great strides in reducing emissions from coal-fired power plants, these plants still represent a major source of pollution and remain a major concern. Totally eliminating coal as a power source will be difficult with the higher power demands resulting from the transition to electric automobiles. 相似文献
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针对我国关闭矿井资源利用率低、蓄电储能需求日益增长的问题,废弃矿井抽水蓄能技术是实现资源二次开发利用,提升电网调峰能力的有效手段。基于废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站工作原理与发展现状,提出在黄河流域九省区利用废弃矿井建设抽水蓄能电站的半地下式、全地下式2种模式。通过综合考虑空间、地质、水文、社会、经济与资源等影响因素,提出废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站选址评价指标体系,并进行黄河流域废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站实例分析。基于2016—2020年黄河流域九省区的废弃煤矿资料,利用废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站静态效益与动态效益计算方法,定量评估黄河流域九省区废弃煤矿抽水蓄能电站建设的开发潜力。结果表明：(1)黄河流域九省区能源资源丰富,现阶段满足电力供应需求,但火电仍是电力供应主体且水电发展进入瓶颈阶段;(2)影响废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站选址的重要因素为巷道空间体积、上下水库水位差、巷道围岩稳定性、巷道围岩渗透率与地下水循环特征;(3)由黄河流域废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站实例分析可知,其发电效率可达到75.7%,可媲美常规抽水蓄能电站;(4) 2016—2020年黄河流域九省区废弃煤矿累计有效可利用井巷空间为4.7×107<... 相似文献
19.
This paper is intended to provide a perspective on the use of paleoseismological studies in the seismic hazard assessment of critical facilities, such as dams, chemical/petrochemical facilities and nuclear power plants. In particular, the use of data obtained from paleoseismological studies for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, when the required probabilities of exceedance are very low (e.g. 10− 6–10− 7) is considered. Recent revisions to the IAEA Safety Standards that provide guidance to Member States in their work related to the seismic safety of nuclear power plants are presented to illustrate the importance of this emerging discipline. 相似文献
20.
Mercury capture by selected Bulgarian fly ashes: Influence of coal rank and fly ash carbon pore structure on capture efficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mercury capture by fly ash C was investigated at five lignite- and subbituminous-coal-burning Bulgarian power plants (Republika, Bobov Dol, Maritza East 2, Maritza East 3, and Sliven). Although the C content of the ashes is low, never exceeding 1.6%, the Hg capture on a unit C basis demonstrates that the low-rank-coal-derived fly ash carbons are more efficient in capturing Hg than fly ash carbons from bituminous-fired power plants. While some low-C and low-Hg fly ashes do not reveal any trends of Hg versus C, the 2nd and, in particular, the 3rd electrostatic precipitator (ESP) rows at the Republika power plant do have sufficient fly ash C range and experience flue gas sufficiently cool to capture measurable amounts of Hg. The Republika 3rd ESP row exhibits an increase in Hg with increasing C, as observed in other power plants, for example, in Kentucky power plants burning Appalachian-sourced bituminous coals. Mercury/C decreases with an increase in fly ash C, suggesting that some of the C is isolated from the flue gas stream and does not contribute to Hg capture. Mercury capture increases with an increase in Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and micropore surface area. The differences in Hg capture between the Bulgarian plants burning low-rank coal and high volatile bituminous-fed Kentucky power plants suggests that the variations in C forms resulting from the combustion of the different ranks also influence the efficiency of Hg capture. 相似文献