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黄河三角洲ZK1孔岩心环境敏感粒度组分及沉积环境分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文选取黄河三角洲5个钻孔岩心的ZK1钻孔,对其剖面沉积物进行了详细的岩性描述、粒度测试和有孔虫鉴定,分析了ZK1孔粒度参数的垂向分布序列。通过计算粒级—标准偏差的变化获得了ZK1孔沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分的范围为3.75～4Ф和10Ф。敏感粒度组分含量随深度变化的初步分析、各种粒度参数垂向分布特征及有孔虫资料表明,黄河三角洲ZK1孔的沉积环境大致可分为4段:Ⅰ(0～5.14 m)为1904—1976年上三角洲平原沉积;Ⅱ(5.14～17.41m)为1855年以来的下三角洲平原沉积;Ⅲ(17.41～22.6 m)为1855年以前的陆架沉积;Ⅳ(22.6～24.6 m)为潮坪沉积。 相似文献
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利用地震剖面和连井剖面,结合岩心和测井等资料,通过恢复三角洲前积层的高度,探讨东营凹陷古近纪沙三中时期
三角洲沉积时的最大古水深。结果表明,东营凹陷沙三中时期发育了很好的建设性三角洲,尤以在牛庄洼陷一带前积层非常
发育;五个地震剖面的统计结果揭示了三角洲前积层的平均高度在485 m,校正后反演的覆水深度在681 m,说明东营三角洲
在形成时期的湖泊古水深可达485~681 m;三角洲前积层主要为一套细粒沉积,以灰色粉砂岩和暗色泥岩为主,粉砂岩中常含
漂浮泥砾,是一种沿三角洲前缘斜坡发育的砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积,进一步反映了深水的沉积环境。 相似文献
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坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲的形成古地形背景、水动力学特征、平面形态、微相类型及三角洲内部结构等多个方面与正常三角洲有着极大的差异。姚一段沉积时期,松辽盆地古地形平坦并不具备明显的坡折带,水体浅、面积小并且湖泊能量较弱,湖岸线不稳定并常常发生大范围的迁移,为典型的浅水沉积湖盆。浅水湖盆的沉积充填主要以浅水三角洲和滨浅湖沉积为主,深湖、半深湖相对不发育,浅水三角洲砂体是湖泊砂体的主要类型。根据供源水系的不同,松南的浅水三角洲可以分为浅水型扇三角洲、浅水型辫状河三角洲和浅水曲流河三角洲等。浅水型三角洲主要有以下特点:1.具高建设性河控三角洲的沉积特点,平面上呈鸟足状,前缘相带延伸较远,形成了大规模的湖盆中心砂体;2.浅水三角洲前缘主要以分流河道为主,河口坝极不发育;3.前缘分流河道呈网状展布,河道遭受不同程度的席状砂化,依次划分为弱席状化、中等席状化、强席状化等3种类型;4.不具备典型三角洲的三层式沉积结构及向上变粗的反序列特征。松南姚一段沉积时期,总体表现为基准面上升的湖侵过程,I、II砂组低位和湖侵域的砂体为成藏提供了的有利储集空间,III砂组的湖侵为区域性成藏提供了良好的盖层。 相似文献
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The Mackenzie Delta: sedimentary processes and facies of a high-latitude, fine-grained delta 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Philip R. Hill C. Peter Lewis Simon Desmarais Vassen Kauppaymuthoo & Hasna Rais 《Sedimentology》2001,48(5):1047-1078
The Mackenzie Delta is a large fine‐grained delta deposited in a cold arctic setting. The delta has been constructed upon a flooding surface developed on a previous shelf‐phase delta. There are three principal depositional zones: the subaerial delta plain, the distributary channel mouth region and the subaqeous delta. The subaerial delta plain is characterized by an anastomosing system of high‐sinuosity channels and extensive thermokarst lake development. This region is greatly influenced by the annual cycle of seasonal processes including winter freezing of sediments and channels, ice‐jamming and flooding in the early spring and declining river stage during the summer and autumn. Deposition occurs on channel levees and in thermokarst lakes during flood events and is commonly rhythmic in nature with discrete annual beds being distinguishable. In the channel mouth environment, deposition is dominated by landward accretion and aggradation of mouth bars during river‐ and storm surge‐induced flood events. The subaqeous delta is characterized by a shallow water platform and a gentle offshore slope. Sediment bypassing of the shallow‐water platform is efficient as a result of the presence of incised submarine channels and the predominance of suspension transport of fine‐grained sediments. Facies of the shallow platform include silty sand with climbing ripple lamination. Offshore facies are dominated by seaward‐fining fine sand to silt tempestites. Sea‐ice scouring and sediment deformation are common beyond 10 m water depth where bioturbated muds are the predominant facies. The low angle profile of the shallow‐water platform is interpreted to be the combined response of a fine‐grained delta to (1) storm sediment dispersal; (2) autoretreat as a result of the increasing subaerial and subaqeous area of deposition as the delta progrades out of its glacial valley; (3) limited water depth above the underlying flooding surface; and (4) efficient nearshore bypassing of sediment through subice channels at the peak of spring discharge. Several indicators of the cold climate can be used as criteria for the interpretation of ancient successions, including thermokarst lake development, submarine channel scours, freeze–thaw deformation and ice‐scour deformation structures. Permafrost inhibits compaction subsidence and, together with the shallow‐water setting, also limits autocyclic lobe switching. The cold climate can thus influence stratal architecture by favouring the development of regional‐scale clinoform sets rather than multiple, smaller scale lobes separated by autocyclic flooding surfaces. 相似文献
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MAARTEN G. KLEINHANS 《Sedimentology》2005,52(2):291-311
The sorting of sediment mixtures at the lee slope of deltas (at the angle of repose) is studied with experiments in a narrow, deep flume with subaqueous Gilbert-type deltas using varied flow conditions and different sediment mixtures. Sediment deposition and sorting on the lee slope of the delta is the result of (i) grains falling from suspension that is initiated at the top of the delta, (ii) kinematic sieving on the lee slope, (iii) grainflows, in which protruding large grains are dragged downslope by subsequent grainflows. The result is a fining upward vertical sorting in the delta. Systematic variations in the trend depend on the delta height, the migration celerity of the delta front and the flow conditions above the delta top. The dependence on delta height and migration celerity is explained by the sorting processes in the grainflows, and the dependence on flow conditions above the delta top is explained by suspension of fine sediment and settling on the lee side and toe of the delta. Large differences in sorting trends were found between various sediment mixtures. The relevance of these results with respect to sorting in dunes and bars in rivers and laboratory flumes is discussed and the elements for a future vertical sorting model are suggested. 相似文献
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The Middle Devonian Gauja Formation in the Devonian Baltic Basin preserves tide‐influenced delta plain and delta front deposits associated with a large southward prograding delta complex. The outcrops extend over 250 km from southern Estonia to southern Lithuania. The succession can be divided into 10 facies associations recording distributary channel belts that became progressively more tide influenced when traced southwards towards the palaeo‐shoreline, separated by muddy intra‐channel areas where deposition was characterized by crevasse splays, delta plain lakes, abandoned channel deposits and tidal gullies. Tidal currents influenced deposition over the entire delta plain, extending up to 250 km from the contemporary shoreline. Tidal facies on the upper delta plain differ from those on the lower delta plain and delta front. In the former case, deposition from river currents was only occasionally interrupted by tidal currents, e.g. during spring tides, resulting in mica and mudstone drapes, and distinctive graded cross‐stratification. The lower delta plain was dominated by tidal facies and tidal currents regularly influenced deposition. There was a change from progradation to aggradation from the lower to the upper part of the Gauja Formation coupled with a vertical decrease in tidal influence and a decrease in coarse‐grained sediment input. The Gauja Formation contrasts with established models for tide‐influenced deltas as the active delta plain was not restricted by topography. The shape of the delta plain, the predominant southward (basinward)‐directed palaeocurrents, and the thick sandstone succession, show that although tidal currents strongly influenced deposition at bed scale, rivers still controlled the overall morphology of the delta and the larger‐scale bedforms. In addition, there are no signs of wave influence, indicating very low wave energy in the basin. The widespread tidal influence in the Devonian Baltic Basin is explained by changes in the wider basin geometry and by local bathymetrical differences in the basin during progradation and aggradation of the delta plain, with changes in tidal efficiency accompanying the change in basin geometry produced by shoreline progradation. 相似文献
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ALAN V. JOPLING 《Sedimentology》1966,7(2):71-102
The origin of many sedimentation units deposited in granular cohesionless materials can be rationally explained by utilizing the concept of the profile of equilibrium. This basic concept can be formally expressed in terms of the variables, or groups of variables, that characterize a sediment transport system. A change in one or more variables or a shift in local base level will generally cause a shift in the spatial position of the profile, resulting in either aggradation or degradation. As shown by flume experiments, the rate of shift of the profile is a critical factor in bedding genesis. A relatively large and rapid upward shift of the profile results in the deposition of a tabular or wedge-shaped unit of cross-bedding, i.e., a laboratory delta. On the other hand, a gradual upward shift of the profile results in the deposition of a sequence of horizontal bedding that is commonly associated with intercalations of ripple or dune cross-bedding. For the intermediate case of a moderately rapid shift of the profile, the depositional sequence includes trough units and poorly-defined tabular units of cross-bedding with numerous intercalations of horizontal bedding. The concept of the profile of equilibrium therefore provides a rationale for considering the depositional framework for sedimentary structures produced by current flow. 相似文献
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通过概化水槽试验对水流泥沙从内陆河进入浅水湖泊后的三角洲堆积体形成发展过程进行研究。试验结果表明,在平面形态上,三角洲堆积体的形成发展过程可分3个阶段:第一阶段,水流泥沙在初期依次按小沙波体、带状沙波体、扇形三角洲堆积体和舌状三角洲堆积体形态形成发展,堆积体表面无明显主河槽且两侧区域无串沟;第二阶段,水流泥沙沿堆积体表面河槽在左侧区域和右侧区域之间交替推进;第三阶段,水流泥沙沿新河槽在摆动中同步推进。在纵向推进中,第一阶段初始较大,受横向展宽影响逐渐减弱;第二阶段以相对稳定的速率交替推进;第三阶段呈减弱趋势,最终保持同步推进速率。在垂向上,堆积体以稳定的速率淤积抬高发展;在横向上,水流泥沙在河槽主流摆动中不断横向输移泥沙。 相似文献
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This study conducted a generalized experiment of non-uniform sediment, in order to examine the formation and development laws of delta deposition in shallow and narrow water basins caused by constant water and sediment flow. A test of 425 h in duration is presented in this paper, and the results obtained from the experiment are as follows. First, the evolution process can be divided into two stages before the front of the sediment deposition reaches the outlet of the flume. In stage one, the front advancing of the deposition follows a certain cycle, and the front of the delta has an alternative development between the longitudinal advancing and lateral widening along the flume. The sediment first occurs longitudinally advancing along the water flow direction to make the front of the delta spread in the shape of a fan and lift through the constant deposition. Then, after the front deposition has been lifted, the topographical gradient along the way decelerates, which leads to the diversion water flowing toward the areas at both sides and constant lateral widening development. Next, after the lateral transport is blocked on the two side walls, the flow sediment turns back, inclines toward the central area, undergoing inclined spreading in a fan shape, and deposition lifting and development constantly occur during this process of spreading. With the increase of the test duration, the delta deposits in the area of both sides constantly undergo deposition and lifting, the water flow is centered and returned to the flume, then turns to the central area to further lift the deposition in the front of the delta through longitudinal advancing, and the above process is repeated. In stage two, the front of the delta deposition develops progressively without stagnation. Sediment constantly advances along the swinging flume, which causes the delta deposit to undergo deposition and lifting development in the swinging. Second, the paper analyzes the changes of the longitudinal advancing rate, lateral widening, and vertical deposition lifting rate shown in the two development stages of the delta. Finally, the paper analyzes the factors influencing the two development stages of the delta. The transportation of water flow and sediment is mainly controlled by three factors: the inertia of the inflow from the inlet, topography of the bed, and the side walls of the flume. In the evolution of the delta sediment deposition, the first influencing factor only acts in the initial stage, while the second and third factors are the dominating factor altering periodically in stage one, which results in the cycling of the front advancing. Meanwhile, in stage two, the evolution of the delta deposition is dominated by the other two factors. 相似文献
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板桥凹陷钱圈地区沙河街组物源主要来自北部陡坡带增幅台地区和南部北大港潜山地区,在研究区北部陡坡带形成了扇三角洲沉积,在南部缓坡带形成了辫状河三角洲沉积。利用层序地层学和地震沉积学的研究思路和方法,在波阻抗数据体的基础上采用地层切片技术,在等时层序地层格架内结合单井岩-电关系,对三角洲体系砂体的展布特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:①南部缓坡带沙三上亚段沉积时期,物源主要来自北大港潜山地区,辫状河三角洲的砂体呈进积特征,展布范围逐渐变大,反映湖盆基准面下降的特征,在沙二段沉积时期,辫状河三角洲沉积物源来自增幅台和北大港潜山2个地区;陡坡带沙二段至沙一上亚段沉积时期,扇三角洲砂体呈退积特征,砂体展布范围逐渐变小,反映湖盆基准面上升的特征;②以地震波阻抗数据体为基础的地层切片技术可以清晰地刻画三角洲沉积体系的砂体沉积相带平面展布,砂体预测结果得到了钻井资料的进一步证实。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西北部上三叠统延长组长8油层组主要受西北沉积体系控制,沉积期构造背景稳定,发育浅水三角洲沉积。大量的岩心观察表明,煤线、植物叶片、根系、虫孔、沉积构造等浅水环境标志广泛分布,反映了沉积时水体较浅（数米至十余米）。研究区长8油层组主要发育浅水三角洲前缘亚相沉积,水下分流河道是主要的沉积微相。与典型的河控三角洲不同,其沉积相带分布范围宽广,三角洲平原与三角洲前缘、前三角洲在平面上平缓相接,无明显的转折。其中,三角洲前缘可进一步细分为三角洲内前缘和三角洲外前缘。长8油层组水下分流河道砂体延伸较远,规模较大,具有顺河道方向局部厚层砂体呈坨状分布、垂直河道方向坨状砂体围绕湖盆呈环带状展布的特征,这种砂体展布特征主要受湖岸线位置控制,即湖岸线控砂,与拗陷湖盆坡折带控砂特征明显不同。 相似文献
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川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
应用层序地层学方法将川西前陆盆地上三叠统划分为4个三级层序和12个体系域。在层序格架内,研究了不同时期的古地理背景、物源、沉积类型和沉积相展布,明确了上三叠统存在龙门山古陆、米仓山-大巴山古陆、康滇古陆、江南古陆4个物源,识别出上三叠统海湾、冲积扇、曲流河、辫状河、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊8种沉积相类型。层序Ⅰ沉积时期,盆地处于海陆交互相向陆相转变的时期,整体具有填平补齐的沉积特征,发育海湾等沉积;层序Ⅱ沉积时期,川西前陆盆地成为统一的内陆湖盆,其湖侵期为须家河期最大的湖侵期,主要发育三角洲沉积和湖相沉积;层序Ⅲ沉积时期,米仓山-大巴山古陆提供充足的物源,在米仓山-大巴山两逆冲推覆带前缘广泛发育大型冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲沉积体系;层序Ⅳ沉积时期,主要受江南古陆的影响,发育三角洲沉积和湖泊沉积。整体上,川西前陆盆地沉积相带的展布格局受构造控制,具有平行构造带展布的特点。盆地西北部陡坡带发育粗粒的冲积扇、扇三角洲-湖底扇,西南部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲、北部-东北部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲,而在东南部缓坡带则发育远源的曲流河、曲流河三角洲。 相似文献
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寒区工程中的土颗粒在重力作用下沿优势方向沉积排列而形成横观各向同性冻土材料。不考虑沉积方向与荷载方向之间沉积角的影响可能会错误估计实际工程中冻土的变形特征与承载力。然而,现有文献尚未探究沉积角对冻土工程特性的影响。针对这一问题,开展了不同温度条件下沉积角对冻土单轴压缩变形与强度特性影响的试验研究。通过所研发的制样模具制备了具有4种不同沉积角δ的冻土试样（δ=0°、30°、60°和90°）,在设定的4种不同温度T条件下（T=-5、-10、-15℃和-20℃）对具有不同沉积角δ的冻土试样开展了单轴压缩试验,分析了T与δ对冻土的变形模式、破坏特征以及单轴抗压强度的显著影响。根据冻土应力-应变曲线的归一化结果及其软化段斜率的变化规律,将冻土单轴压缩变形模式在T与δ影响下分为变形模式I、II和III。根据结果可知,随着T降低以及δ趋于60°,冻土的变形模式趋于由变形模式I过渡到变形模式III,试样破坏模式由鼓胀的X形剪切带破坏趋于破坏范围较小的单剪切面破坏,而冻土单轴抗压强度随T降低而增大的同时,随δ增加表现出先减小后增大的趋势。 相似文献
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北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo组发育巨型浅水辫状河三角洲——Mungaroo三角洲。利用钻井、岩心资料,并结合区域地质背景,将Mungaroo三角洲划分为近端三角洲平原、远端三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲4个沉积亚相,其中近端三角洲平原与远端三角洲平原亚相分布广泛,三角洲前缘与前三角洲亚相欠发育。陆源有机质分析表明:(1)研究区目的层段沉积时期,在环特提斯洋巨型季风洪水的影响下,泥炭沼泽普遍遭受冲刷改造,有机质类型主要为分散有机质,仅远端三角洲平原发育薄煤层;(2)不同相带受季风洪水的影响差异较大,近端三角洲平原受洪水改造强烈,砂砾岩发育,夹薄层泥岩,泥岩中有机质显微组分主要为惰质组,镜质组大部分遭受氧化;(3)远端三角洲平原的沼泽沉积尽管受到洪水频繁冲刷,但仍发育多套薄煤层,泥岩中陆源有机质最为丰富,显微组分以镜质组为主;(4)三角洲前缘和前三角洲相带窄,沉积物中陆源有机质含量较低。远端三角洲平原烃源岩有机质生烃潜力最大,除发育广泛的薄煤层外,暗色泥岩中平均TOC含量可达4.11％。上述沉积相带与陆源有机质分布规律体现了强季风洪水影响下大型辫状河三角洲的沉积特点。 相似文献
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沾化凹陷三合村洼陷沙河街组沙三下亚段（Es3L）作为重要储集层段,勘探潜力巨大,精细刻画三合村洼陷沙三下亚 段物源体系对沉积体系重建、有利区带预测具重要意义。采用古地貌宏观区分物源区与沉积区,并精细刻画西南部与南部 物源通道（I~VI号）,运用岩心、岩屑组成特征明确沉积区沉积相类型及原始物质成分,通过地震属性与地层切片精细描绘 沉积区内“源-汇”配置及时空演化关系,从不同角度、不同层次对三合村洼陷古物源体系进行综合刻画。结果表明,洼 陷西南部斜坡区（约3°）物源来自陈家庄凸起西段（I、II号沟槽输导）,相对富砾,以碳酸盐岩岩屑为主;南部坡折区 （约8°）物源来自于陈家庄凸起东段（III~VI号沟谷输导）,相对富砂,发育单晶石英或多晶石英颗粒。平面上,沉积区扇 三角洲沉积体系规模与物源通道的宽深比及延伸距离呈正相关,垂向上,低位体系域（LST）形成扇体规模远大于高位体 系域（HST）扇体,且交汇区物源体系由南部向西南部迁移转化。 相似文献
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浅水三角洲和滩坝不仅是当今沉积学研究热点,也是油气勘探重要的沉积类型,沉积环境控制着浅水三角洲和滩坝沉积体系的发育及演化。基于岩心、钻井、测井数据及孢粉化石、微量元素等分析化验资料,对渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡古近系沙河街组一段(简称“沙一段”)的沉积体系类型及沉积环境进行了综合研究。研究表明: (1)沙一段主要发育浅水三角洲和滩坝沉积。其中,沙一下亚段尾砂岩沉积时,以浅水三角洲内前缘、外前缘沉积为主;沙一下亚段特殊岩性段沉积时,湖平面上升,浅水三角洲退积,以滨浅湖滩坝为主;沙一上亚段沉积时,湖平面下降,三角洲向湖盆中心持续推进,沉积主体转变为浅水三角洲。(2)浅水三角洲和滩坝的沉积演化受控于沉积环境。沙一下亚段尾砂岩沉积时,处于较为干旱的亚热带气候,沉积水体较浅,为微咸水—半咸水的氧化环境,有利于浅水三角洲的发育;沙一下亚段特殊岩性段沉积时,发生大规模湖侵,水体加深,物源供给少,气候相对湿润,且盐度增加,过渡为还原环境,有利于滨浅湖滩坝的形成;沙一上亚段沉积时,物源供给充足,整体处于相对湿润的温带、亚热带气候,湖盆收缩,水体变浅,盐度相对较低,处于氧化条件下的淡水环境,有利于浅水三角洲的沉积。 相似文献