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1.
蓝致密星系谱的星族合成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,分析了四个蓝致密星系（ＢｌｕｅＣｏｍｐａｃｔＧａｌａｘｉｅｓ,ＢＣＧ）的光学谱,给出了在各个ＢＣＧ中,年龄和金属丰度不同的星族对星系５８７ｎｍ处连续谱测量贡献的比率,同时还给出了ＢＣＧ内部恒星演化的历史和星系内部的红化值,通过对星系内部星族及光蝗分析,解决了ＢＣＧ研究中存在的这类星系年龄和其内部光学不可见物质等问题,结果表明ＢＣＧ是年老星系,其内部恒星形成过程为长时间 相似文献
2.
利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,分析了７个ＢＣＤＧ的光学谱,研究蓝致密矮星系（ＢＣＤＧ）内部的恒星形成历史、能源机制和尘埃分布情况．星族合成结果不仅能够解释ＢＣＤＧ的主要观测特征,解决ＢＣＤＧ研究中存在的一些问题,而且揭示了ＢＣＤＧ的一些未知的特性．谱合成结果表明：ＢＣＤＧ是年老的天体,其内部较早已经有恒星形成发生,恒星形成呈爆发式的,在ｔ＝５×１０７～１０９ｙｒ时的恒星形成率较高,最近（ｔ＝１０７ｙｒ）的恒星形成率开始下降;光谱分析显示大量大质量的年轻恒星提供了ＢＣＤＧ中心区的主要能源．利用扣除恒星吸收影响的发射线光谱,计算了发射线产生区的内红化值,发现它明显大于由连续谱计算得到的内红化值,这种差异的可能解释是ＢＣＤＧ内部尘埃对连续谱和发射线的产生区遮挡程度不同．最后,比较了ＢＣＧ和ＢＣＤＧ星族合成结果,提出了矮星系间一种可能的演化序列． 相似文献
3.
介绍了简单星族的定义和星族合成方法;简述了蓝致密星系的观测特征和研究意义;列出了我们利用北京天文台２ ．１６ ｍ 望远镜已成功观测蓝致密星系样本。在此基础上,我们运用恒星团星族合成方法,分析了一些蓝致密星系的光学谱。给出了它们中年龄和金属丰度不同的星族对星系５８７ｎｍ 处连续谱流量贡献的百分比;同时还给出星系内部恒星形成的历史和内红化值。 相似文献
4.
利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,研究了邻近巨椭圆星系NGC5018中的星族成分和其内部的恒星形成历史,给出了星系中不同年龄和金属丰度星族的成分占有比.星族合成结果表明,NGC5018中不仅存在大量金属丰度低的年老恒星成分,而且较年轻的星族成分(T=5×108yr)对星系光度贡献也很重要.星系吞并和相互作用过程可能是触发这些较年轻星族形成的物理原因,椭圆星系内部的恒星形成历史可能是2次爆发或者多次爆发过程.这些结果可以很好地解释NGC5018颜色偏蓝、Mg2谱指数强度偏弱等观测特征. 相似文献
5.
本文利用Ｂｅｒｔｅｌｉ等人新算出的等龄线，以及Ｇｕｎｎ和Ｓｔｒｙｋｅｒ观测的恒星光谱（３１３０－１０８００）构造了一个星族综合模型．该模型能预计金属丰度在Ｚ＝０．０００４－０．０５，年龄在１０７－２×１０１０年范围内的简单星族（ＳＳＰ）的光谱能量分布（ＳＥＤ）．利用ＳＳＰ，通过对不同时刻恒星形成率的卷积能够得到星系的ＳＥＤ的演化．我们计算出ＳＳＰ以及星系在ＵＢＶＲＩ系统和ＢＡＴＣ１５色中带测光系统中的颜色．计算出的从Ｅ／ＳＯ到Ｓｄｍ各类星系的ＵＢＶＲＩ颜色在年龄为１２Ｇｙｒ时都和观测符合较好．因此，我们的模型为正在进行的关于星系ＳＥＤ的多色测光研究提供了理论上的探索． 相似文献
6.
星族合成方法及发射线星系核区中的恒星组分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述星族合成方法对研究复合恒星体系的重要意义。综述了星族合成的三种基本方法，着重介绍了以星团光谱为样本的星族合成方法及其应用，最后，作为一个例子，我们利用ＣＳＰＳ方法给出发射线星系Ｍｒｋ４９９谱的合成结果。 相似文献
7.
极红天体(EROs)是指利用光学和近红外两个波段的色指数(如I-K4 mag)挑选出来的一类星系。研究表明极红天体可分为两类:一类是被大量尘埃红化的高红移恒星形成星系,主要是较年轻的旋涡或不规则星系,有恒星正在形成,称为DGs;另一类是由年老星族(≥1 Ga)主导的高红移椭圆星系,基本上没有或仅有弱的恒星形成,简称为OGs。极红天体中这两种不同类型的星系,很可能是近邻大质量星系的前身星系,只是分别代表着不同的形成历史。介绍了不同类型极红天体的各种物理性质的研究进展,如形态和结构、光谱特征、成团性、红移分布和星系计数等,以及阐述了该领域未来的研究方向。 相似文献
8.
哈勃空间望远镜拍摄的活动星系半人马座A。在星系核心的前面是尘埃的盘面,一个醒目的暗带环绕着这个星系一其中年老的星族发出黄白色的柔和色彩;图中的蓝色结构是新生恒星组成的星团,燃烧般的橙色气体中点缀着许多尘埃纤维的剪影。 相似文献
9.
10.
新宇 《紫金山天文台台刊》2003,(2)
作为目前研究复杂恒星系统的有力工具 ,星族合成方法是建立在单星演化理论基础之上的 ,因此 ,必然有其不完善性存在 ,尤其当系统中的双星成分不容忽视时。作为演化星族合成方法的基本单元 ,简单恒星星族模型的构成即排除了双星贡献。本文中 ,我们以银河系疏散星团为简单恒星星族模板 ,构造出一系列简单恒星星族积分光谱。从中我们可以看到 :蓝离散星这类理论上主要来源于双星系统的恒星 ,对星团积分光谱的紫外及蓝端有很大影响 ,从而造成简单恒星星族积分光谱能量分布的改变。这种改变势必影响对星团年龄及其它一些物理参量的判定 ,并最终影响星族合成的结果。同时 ,若以 (B -V )色指数进行度量 ,蓝离散星对简单恒星星族积分颜色的影响可达到 30 %。工作中 ,我们选取了 2 6个年龄在1x10 1 0 ～ 6x10 1 0 年之间的疏散星团为样本进行统计研究。 相似文献
11.
X. Kong 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):905-908
We have observed the largest optical spectra sample of 97 blue compact galaxies. Stellar population properties of 74 star-forming BCGs of them were derived by comparing the equivalent widths of strong absorption features and continuum colors, using a method of empirical population synthesis based on star cluster sample. The results indicate that blue compact galaxies are typically age-composite stellar system, the continuum flux fractions at 5870Å due to old stellar components and young stellar components are both important for most of the galaxies. The stellar populations of blue compact galaxies present a variety of characteristics, and the contribution from different age and metallicity components is different. The star formation episodes are usually short, some galaxies maybe undergoing their first global episode of star formation, while for the most sample galaxies, older stars contribute to at most half the optical emission. Our results suggest that BCGs are old galaxies, in which star formation occurs in short intense burst separated by long quiescent phases. 相似文献
12.
S. I. Loubser P. Sánchez-Blázquez A. E. Sansom I. K. Soechting 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(1):133-156
This paper is part of a series devoted to the study of the stellar populations in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), aimed at setting constraints on the formation and evolution of these objects. We have obtained high signal-to-noise ratio, long-slit spectra of 49 BCGs in the nearby Universe. Here, we derive single stellar population (SSP)-equivalent ages, metallicities and α-abundance ratios in the centres of the galaxies using the Lick system of absorption line indices. We systematically compare the indices and derived parameters for the BCGs with those of large samples of ordinary elliptical galaxies in the same mass range. We find no significant differences between the index-velocity dispersion relations of the BCG data and those of normal ellipticals, but we do find subtle differences between the derived SSP parameters. The BCGs show, on average, higher metallicity ([ Z /H]) and α-abundance ([E/Fe]) values. We analyse possible correlations between the derived parameters and the internal properties of the galaxies (velocity dispersion, rotation, luminosity) and those of the host clusters (density, mass, distance from BCG to X-ray peak, presence of cooling flows), with the aim of dissentangling if the BCG properties are more influenced by their internal or host cluster properties. The SSP parameters show very little dependence on the mass or luminosity of the galaxies, or the mass or density of the host clusters. Of this sample, 26 per cent show luminosity-weighted ages younger than 6 Gyr, probably a consequence of recent – if small – episodes of star formation. In agreement with previous studies, the BCGs with intermediate ages tend to be found in cooling-flow clusters with large X-ray excess. 相似文献
13.
D. Raimann E. Bica T. Storchi-Bergmann J. Melnick H. Schmitt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,314(2):295-306
We study the stellar population of galaxies with active star formation, determining ages of the stellar components by means of spectral population synthesis of their absorption spectra. The data consist of optical spectra of 185 nearby ( z 0.075) emission-line galaxies . They are mostly H ii galaxies, but we also include some starbursts and Seyfert 2s, for comparison purposes. They were grouped into 19 high signal-to-noise ratio template spectra, according to their continuum distribution, absorption- and emission-line characteristics. The templates were then synthesized with a star cluster spectral base.
The synthesis results indicate that H ii galaxies are typically age-composite stellar systems, presenting important contributions from generations up to as old as 500 Myr. We detect a significant contribution of populations with ages older than 1 Gyr in two groups of H ii galaxies. The age distributions of stellar populations among starbursts can vary considerably despite similarities in the emission-line spectra. In the case of Seyfert 2 groups we obtain important contributions from the old population, consistent with a bulge.
From the diversity of star formation histories, we conclude that typical H ii galaxies in the local Universe are not systems presently forming their first stellar generation. 相似文献
The synthesis results indicate that H ii galaxies are typically age-composite stellar systems, presenting important contributions from generations up to as old as 500 Myr. We detect a significant contribution of populations with ages older than 1 Gyr in two groups of H ii galaxies. The age distributions of stellar populations among starbursts can vary considerably despite similarities in the emission-line spectra. In the case of Seyfert 2 groups we obtain important contributions from the old population, consistent with a bulge.
From the diversity of star formation histories, we conclude that typical H ii galaxies in the local Universe are not systems presently forming their first stellar generation. 相似文献
14.
Jing Wang Roderik Overzier Guinevere Kauffmann Anja von der Linden Xu Kong 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2010,401(1):433-444
Many brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at the centres of X-ray selected clusters exhibit clear evidence for recent star formation. However, studies of BCGs in optically selected clusters show that star formation is not enhanced when compared to control samples of non-BCGs of similar stellar mass. Here, we analyse a sample of 113 BCGs in low-redshift ( z < 0.1) , optically selected clusters, a matched control sample of non-BCGs, and a smaller sample of BCGs in X-ray selected clusters. We convolve the Sloan Digital Sky Survey images of the BCGs to match the resolution of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) data and we measure UV-optical colours in their inner and outer regions. We find that optically selected BCGs exhibit smaller scatter in optical colours and redder inner NUV − r colours than the control galaxies, indicating that they are a homogenous population with very little ongoing star formation. The BCGs in the X-ray selected cluster sample span a similar range in optical colours, but have bluer NUV − r colours. Among X-ray selected BCGs, those located in clusters with central cooling times of less than 1 Gyr are significantly bluer than those located in clusters where the central gas cooling times are long. Our main conclusion is that the location of a galaxy at the centre of its halo is not sufficient to determine whether or not it is currently forming stars. One must also have information about the thermodynamic state of the gas in the core of the halo. 相似文献
15.
D. M. Worrall M. Birkinshaw R. A. Laing W. D. Cotton A. H. Bridle 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(1):2-14
We use semi-analytic techniques to study the formation and evolution of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). We show the extreme hierarchical nature of these objects and discuss the limitations of simple ways to capture their evolution. In a model where cooling flows are suppressed at late times by active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, the stars of BCGs are formed very early (50 per cent at z ∼ 5, 80 per cent at z ∼ 3) and in many small galaxies. The high star formation rates in these high- z progenitors are fuelled by rapid cooling, not by merger-triggered starbursts. We find that model BCGs assemble surprisingly late: half their final mass is typically locked up in a single galaxy after z ∼ 0.5 . Because most of the galaxies accreted on to BCGs have little gas content and red colours, late mergers do not change the apparent age of BCGs. It is this accumulation of a large number of old stellar populations – driven mainly by the merging history of the dark matter halo itself – that yields the observed homogeneity of BCG properties. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the evolution of BCGs to high redshifts, from both observational and theoretical viewpoints. We show that our model BCGs are in qualitative agreement with high- z observations. We discuss the hierarchical link between high- z BCGs and their local counterparts. We show that high- z BCGs belong to the same population as the massive end of local BCG progenitors, although they are not in general the same galaxies. Similarly, high- z BCGs end up as massive galaxies in the local Universe, although only a fraction of them are actually BCGs of massive clusters. 相似文献
16.
星暴星系是一类内部正在发生极为剧烈恒星形成的天体。介绍了星暴星系的研究历史及星暴星系的定义。综述了从射电波段到Ｘ射线波段星暴星系的光度光谱观察特征及其研究的最新进展。列出了星暴星系研究中存在的一些热点问题,包括星暴的触发机制,星暴时标,星族组分,恒星形成率,内红化以及星暴星系与活动星系核之间的关系等。最后,简述了可能有助于解决这些问题的观测手和理论方法。 相似文献
17.
A. Pipino S. Kaviraj C. Bildfell A. Babul H. Hoekstra † J. Silk 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(1):462-471
We present a joint analysis of near-ultraviolet ( NUV ) data from the GALEX ( Galaxy Evolution Explorer ) mission and (optical) colour profiles for a sample of seven brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project. We find that every BCG, which has a blue rest-frame UV colour, also shows a blue core in its optical colour profile. Conversely, BCGs that lack blue cores and show monotonic colour gradients typical of old elliptical galaxies are red in the UV. We interpret this as evidence that the NUV enhancement in the blue BCGs is driven by recent star formation and not from old evolved stellar populations such as horizontal branch stars. Furthermore, the UV enhancement cannot be from an active galactic nuclei (AGN) because the spatial extent of the blue cores is significantly larger than the possible contamination region due to a massive black hole. The recent star formation in the blue BCGs typically has an age less than 200 Myr and contributes mass fractions of less than a per cent. Although the sample studied here is small, we demonstrate, for the first time , a one-to-one correspondence between blue cores in elliptical galaxies (in particular BCGs) and a NUV enhancement observed using GALEX . The combination of this one-to-one correspondence and the consistently young age of recent star formation, coupled with additional correlations with the host cluster's X-ray properties, strongly suggests that the star formation is fuelled by gas cooling out of the intracluster medium. In turn, this implies that any AGN heating of the intracluster medium in massive clusters only acts to reduce the magnitude of the cooling flow and once this flow starts, it is nearly always active. Collectively, these results suggest that AGN feedback in present-day BCGs, while important, cannot be as efficient as suggested by the recent theoretical model by proposed by De Lucia et al. 相似文献
18.
Simple theoretical arguments indicate that cooled interstellar gas in bright elliptical galaxies forms into a young stellar population having a bottom-heavy but optically luminous initial mass function extending to approximately 2 M middle dot in circle. When the colors and spectral features of this young population are combined with those of the underlying old stellar population, the apparent ages are significantly reduced, similar to the relatively young apparent ages observed in many elliptical galaxies. Galactic mergers are not required to resupply young stars. The sensitivity of continuous star formation to LB and LX&solm0;LB is likely to account for the observed spread in apparent ages among elliptical galaxies. Local star formation is accompanied by enhanced stellar Hbeta equivalent widths, stronger optical emission lines, more thermal X-ray emission, and lower apparent temperatures in the hot gas. The young stars should cause M&solm0;L to vary with galactic radius, perturbing the fundamental plane of the old stars alone. 相似文献
19.
The formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies (EGs) are still an open question. In particular, recent observations suggest that EGs are not only simple spheroidal systems of old stars. In this paper, we analyse a sample of EGs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in order to study the star-forming activity in local EGs. Among these 487 ellipticals, we find that 13 EGs show unambiguous evidence of recent star formation activity betrayed by conspicuous nebular emission lines. Using the evolutionary stellar population synthesis models and Lick absorption line indices, we derive stellar ages, metallicities and α-element abundances, and thus reconstruct the star formation and chemical evolution history of the star-forming elliptical galaxies (SFEGs) in our sample.
We find that SFEGs have relative younger stellar population age, higher metallicity and lower stellar mass, and that their star formation history can be well described by a recent minor and short starburst superimposed on old stellar component. We also detect 11 E+A galaxies whose stellar population properties are closer to those of quiescent (normal) ellipticals than to star-forming ones. However, from the analysis of their absorption line indices, we note that our E+A galaxies show a significant fraction of intermediate-age stellar populations, remarkably different from the quiescent galaxies. This might suggest an evolutionary link between E+As and star-forming ellipticals. Finally, we confirm the relations between age, metallicity, α-element abundance and stellar mass for local EGs. 相似文献
We find that SFEGs have relative younger stellar population age, higher metallicity and lower stellar mass, and that their star formation history can be well described by a recent minor and short starburst superimposed on old stellar component. We also detect 11 E+A galaxies whose stellar population properties are closer to those of quiescent (normal) ellipticals than to star-forming ones. However, from the analysis of their absorption line indices, we note that our E+A galaxies show a significant fraction of intermediate-age stellar populations, remarkably different from the quiescent galaxies. This might suggest an evolutionary link between E+As and star-forming ellipticals. Finally, we confirm the relations between age, metallicity, α-element abundance and stellar mass for local EGs. 相似文献