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1.
互层倾倒是一类典型的深层倾倒模式,为准确评价其稳定性,开展互层倾倒的工程地质特性及稳定性评价研究。以雅砻江上游发育的深层倾倒体为典型实例,利用基于演化过程的研究方法,在构建倾倒体工程地质模型的基础上,从变形过程和演化阶段上定量评价斜坡整体稳定性。研究表明:互层倾倒是由块体倾覆和板梁弯曲形成的复合倾倒模式,即:硬岩发生块状-弯曲倾倒,而软岩发生弯曲倾倒;空间上,一个发育完备的倾倒体可划分为:滑动区(A区)、强倾倒区(B区)、弱倾倒区(C区)以及原岩区(D区)。基于实测数据提出的斜坡倾倒定量描述体系,可以作为岩体倾倒变形识别和变形程度分级的基本依据;时间上,互层倾倒演化过程主要经历4个演化阶段:卸荷回弹陡倾拉裂面阶段,初始变形阶段,板梁根部折断、剪切面贯通阶段以及破坏阶段,并最终转化为蠕滑-拉裂模式形成滑坡。该滑动面受强变形岩体中倾向坡外结构面控制,而并非沿最大弯折带发育;滑动区(A区)的出现意味着斜坡最终破坏的发生,对应于演化的第三阶段,为斜坡的极限平衡状态,稳定性系数介于1.0~1.05之间。基于演化过程的评价方法,能有效解决互层倾倒稳定性评价问题。 相似文献
2.
层状反倾岩质边坡是一种常见边坡类型，其变形破坏模式多样、力学机制复杂、影响因素众多。为揭示层状反倾岩质边坡不同临空条件几何特征参数对反倾边坡倾倒变形影响规律，通过3DEC并结合数理统计系统深入研究几何特征参数对倾倒变形影响。研究表明:①反倾边坡具有3个临空面时边坡变形最大，1个临空面时边坡变形最小；②变形随边坡高度、切坡角度增大而增大，随节理面与临空面夹角的增大而减小，随岩层厚度增大先增大后减小；③2个临空面夹角90°时边坡变形最大；④1个、2个临空面时节理倾角60°时位移最大，3个临空面时随节理倾角增大而增大。 相似文献
3.
This paper presents a study on the gravity-induced rock slope deformation observed along the Nujiang River in China. We performed a comprehensive field investigation and analysis to identify the deformation pattern of the slope and its triggering factors. Moreover, a geological-evolutionary model was developed, and it considers the effects of river incision and rock mass degradation caused by weathering and simulates the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the slope deformation. The results support the proposed failure mechanism in which fractures within the slope are induced by rock mass degradation caused by weathering. Importantly, the modeling reveals that compressional deformation at the toe of the slope results in a tensile failure in the upper portion of the slope, demonstrating that the rock mass in the slope toe is the key factor inducing slope deformation. This analysis of slope deformation and its spatial and temporal correlations with rock weathering and river incision reveal the main triggering factors that control the evolution of the studied slope and provide insights into the deformation process. 相似文献
4.
Identification of failure susceptible slopes through different rock engineering approach is highly valuable in landslide risk management along crucial highway corridors in the high mountainous region. In this study, a critical highway(NH-5) segment in higher Himalaya has been investigated using the various rock mass characterization schemes based on detailed field observations. Since the highway corridor is highly susceptible to discontinuities-driven failures, consisting of jointed rock masses;Mean and Combined kinematic feasibility analysis has been performed for 20 highway slopes. Observed slope mass classes have been compared to the feasibility percentage of discontinuities driven failures(wedge, toppling, and planar) and accordingly the kinematic feasibility zonation along highway segment has been done for each as well as overall failure types. Based on the slope mass conditions and discontinuities driven failures probability(%), responsive remedial measures have been proposed for individual highway slopes to ensure safe and uninterrupted transportation. 相似文献
5.
Slope reinforcement for housing in Three Gorges reservoir area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the largest hydropower-complex project under construction in the world. Under the largescale relocation projects, 2874 engineered slopes are formed along with the construction of new towns. In this paper, the cutting slopes are mainly soil slopes and rock slopes. Soil slopes include residual soil slopes, colluvial accumulation slopes, swelling soil slopes, and artificial earth fill slopes, etc. Rock slopes include blocky structure rock slopes, layer structure rock slopes, and clastic structure rock slopes, etc. Varied protection measures have been used for slope protection in the reservoir area including shotcrete concrete-anchor bars, frame beams, retaining walls, slope stabilizing piles, sheet-pile walls, anchorage anti-shear tunnels, flexible protection grids, and drainage, etc. Besides, slope deformation monitoring systems have been set up to monitor deformation failure and the stability state of slopes. The protection measures have guaranteed slope safety and maintained a harmony with the urban environment and surrounding landscape. 相似文献
6.
花岗岩在不同含水率条件下的变形破坏特征和机制对此类工程岩体稳定性评价具有重要的意义。开展不同含水率黑云母二长花岗岩单轴压缩试验,分析破坏特征和应力-应变曲线特征,开展断口扫描电镜试验,分析微观形貌特征,研究破坏机制。试验结果表明:黑云母二长花岗岩具有明显的应变软化特征;随含水率增大,曲线上微裂隙压密阶段长度逐渐增加,稳定破裂阶段及非稳定破裂阶段长度均逐渐缩短,但所占比例增大,曲线上峰前阶段涨落交替现象加剧;饱和时单轴抗压强度和弹性模量相比干燥时分别降低了40.68%,20.3%;变形破坏过程可大致分为以下5个阶段:平静期、裂纹萌生期、裂纹扩展伴随颗粒弹射期、片状碎片剥落伴随颗粒弹射期及崩落式破坏期;随含水率增大,花岗岩破坏时的剧烈程度、发出的声响及脆性程度均逐渐降低;花岗岩破坏机制为拉-剪复合破坏,低含水率时以压致拉张破坏为主,随含水率增大呈现拉张破坏减少而剪切破坏增多的趋势,饱和时以剪破坏为主。研究结果可为黑云二长花岗岩与水之间的耦合模型构建提供理论支撑,对水-岩耦合环境下工程岩体稳定性分析具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
7.
动水驱动型顺层岩质滑坡数量多、灾害频发、危害大, 是滑坡地质灾害领域的研究重点, 但目前对于滑坡启滑机制的认识仍不充分, 滑坡的准确预报还面临巨大挑战。鉴于此, 以含软弱夹层的中倾角顺层岩质滑坡为研究对象, 通过构建理想的单层滑带滑坡物理模型, 开展了一系列动水作用下的滑坡模型试验研究。结果表明, 动水作用下顺层岩质滑坡从开始变形至失稳滑动需经历初始变形、缓慢变形、加速变形和失稳破坏4个阶段, 而各个阶段的演化特征与滑面粗糙度和倾角密切相关。滑面倾角越大或粗糙度越小, 滑坡体从开始变形至失稳滑动所需的时间则越短; 相应地, 坡体加速变形阶段越不明显, 滑坡破坏的突发性越强。滑带内的渗流冲蚀作用会使滑带土中的骨料流失, 导致其抗剪强度降低, 进而引发坡体滑动。与此同时, 上覆坡体的压剪作用以及变形演化过程亦将反过来影响冲蚀强度。基于滑带土黏聚力随水力梯度和冲蚀时间的变化关系, 提出了渗流驱动下滑带土黏聚力演化模型, 可较好地描述滑带土黏聚力的退化过程。滑面粗糙度的存在不仅显著影响了滑带的冲蚀劣化规律, 还改变了滑带不同区域的破坏模式。此外, 通过考虑滑面粗糙度对滑带不同区域破坏模式的影响, 开展了动水多效应关联分析, 建立了滑坡地质体力学分析模型, 实现了动水作用下顺层岩质滑坡动态稳定性的有效评估。本研究成果可为实际动水驱动型顺层岩质滑坡的预测和防治提供理论参考。 相似文献
8.
This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments. Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides. A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads. Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load. The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture. With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure, the fractures are in unbounded closed-state. This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks, and with the expanding of the cracks, the slope failure eventually occurred. The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation. 相似文献
9.
At 5 am 24 th June 2017, a catastrophic landslide hit Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The slide mass rushed down from an altitude of 3400 m and traveled 2700 m in a high velocity. The 13 million m~3 deposition buried the whole village and caused about 100 deaths. The source area of the landslide is located in a high steep slope, average slope angle is 40o and maximal angle is 65o. The strata are interbedded Triassic Zagunao Formation metamorphic sandstone and slate with the dip slope angle of 45°. Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing image, UAV image, DEM data, and field investigation, failure mechanism, travel features, and deposit characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that this landslide was influenced by Songpinggou Fault zone. According to the topography before the failure, the landslide is located in the back scarp of an antecedent landslide induced by Diexi Earthquake in 1933. The bedding slope provided potential rupture surface. Historical seismic activities and long-term gravitational deformation caused rock mass accumulated damages. Weathering and precipitation weakened the rock mass and finally induced shearing and tension failure. A huge block detached from the top rock slope, pushed the past landslide deposits in the middle part, rushed out of the slope bottom in a high velocity and buried the Xinmo Village. The rapid movement entrained and brought the soil into the Songping Gully which recoiled with and bounced back from the opposite mountain. 相似文献
10.
Deformation features and failure mechanism of steep rock slope under the mining activities and rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhi-qiang Li Yi-guo Xue Shu-cai Li Le-wen Zhang Dan Wang Bin Li Wen Zhang Kai Ning Jian-ye Zhu 《山地科学学报》2017,14(1):31-45
Underground mining activities and rainfall have potential important influence on the initiation and reactivation of the slope deformations, especially on the steep rock slope. In this paper, using the discrete element method (UDEC), numerical simulation was carried out to investigate deformation features and the failure mechanism of the steep rock slope under mining activities and rainfall. A steep rock slope numerical model was created based on a case study at the Wulong area in Chongqing city, China. Mechanical parameters of the rock mass have been determined by situ measurements and laboratory measurements. A preliminary site monitoring system has been realized, aiming at getting structure movements and stresses of unstable rock masses at the most significant discontinuities. According to the numerical model calibrated based on the monitoring data, four types of operation conditions are designed to reveal the effect of mining excavation and extreme rainfall on the deformation of the steep rock slope. 相似文献
11.
斜坡变形受众多因子综合控制, 不同因子的敏感性与作用规律在变形过程中差异明显。以湖北省阳新县顺层基岩滑坡为研究对象, 通过正交试验结合离散元数值模拟的方法, 研究多个影响因子对应顺层滑坡变形的敏感性并确立主导因素, 随后基于响应面拟合主导因素与滑坡不同部位变形程度间的量化关系, 揭示主导因素交互作用对滑坡变形破坏模式的影响规律。结果表明, 在研究区内坡度与岩层倾角分别为影响顺层滑坡变形的主导与次主导因素, 滑坡的变形破坏模式受控于二者的交互作用。在中-陡倾顺层滑坡中, 当坡度小于岩层倾角时, 滑坡变形主要集中在坡顶, 且变形程度随岩层倾角的增加而增大, 表现出滑移-弯曲的变形破坏模式; 在缓倾顺层滑坡中, 当坡度大于岩层倾角时, 滑坡坡脚位移较坡顶显著, 其坡脚变形程度随坡度的增加而增大, 以滑移-拉裂变形为主。研究成果可为该类滑坡的防治工作提供参考。 相似文献
12.
水库滑坡变形破坏受其岩土体蠕变特性及环境因素的影响。当滑坡进入加速变形阶段后,变形骤然增大,失稳概率增加。为了研究滑坡岩土体蠕变特性及其稳定性,选取锦屏一级水电站呷爬滑坡为研究对象,采用坡表位移监测曲线分析与室内三轴蠕变试验相结合的方法,建立了Burgers蠕变模型结合FLAC3D软件进行了滑坡稳定性研究。分析坡表位移-时间曲线发现,坡体变形特征与一般滑坡土体的蠕变特征具有相似性,滑带土室内三轴蠕变试验结果表明,滑带土变形可划分为瞬时蠕变、减速蠕变与稳定蠕变3个阶段,同时其瞬时变形量、稳定蠕变速率均随围压以及应力水平的增大而增大。基于滑带土蠕变特性的Burgers蠕变模型的计算结果,对比了常规强度折减法与考虑蠕变的强度折减法的滑坡稳定性系数,计算结果表明呷爬滑坡目前处于稳定状态,在一个计算周期内考虑蠕变的强度折减法较常规强度折减法的稳定性系数下降了0.04,因此,揭示滑坡土体蠕变特性并在此基础上研究其稳定性具有实际意义。 相似文献
13.
三峡库区广泛分布侏罗系红砂岩,在水库运行期间红砂岩的渗流-应力耦合特性关乎库区内多数滑坡和岩质边坡的稳定性。借助岩石多场耦合三轴试验系统,对三峡库区侏罗系红砂岩开展了不同围压、不同渗透压下的三轴压缩试验,系统研究了红砂岩的三轴压缩力学特性和渗透率演化特征。研究结果表明：(1)红砂岩的峰前应力-应变曲线可分为孔隙压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、微裂隙稳定发展阶段和非稳定发展阶段。红砂岩的力学参数与渗透压的关系呈负相关,与围压呈正相关。(2)随着围压升高,红砂岩的破坏模式由张拉破坏过渡到剪切破坏。(3)不同渗透压下,渗透率曲线呈平稳发展→缓慢上升→快速上升3阶段演化规律;不同围压下,渗透率曲线先降低后升高。(4)从能量角度分析了渗透压和围压对岩石的作用,验证了渗流对岩石的劣化效应以及围压对裂纹发展的抑制作用。本试验对鲜有报道的侏罗系红砂岩的强度、变形和渗透特性做了系统的研究,对渗流-应力耦合课题有补充意义。其工况根据三峡库区边坡岩体的应力水平来确定,试验结果对分析库区边坡稳定性具有指导意义。 相似文献
14.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2548-2561
The long-term stability of a prestressed anchored slope might be influenced by the durability of the anchorage structure. To understand long-term stability of anchored rock slopes, the research presented herein evaluated the performance evolution of a prestressed anchored bedding slope system in a corrosive environment by model test. The corrosion process in a prestressed anchor bar was monitored in terms of its open-circuit potential(OCP), corrosion current density(CCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The stability of the prestressed anchored slope was evaluated by monitoring changes in anchorage force and displacements. The experimental results show that prestress and oxygen could reduce the corrosion resistance of the anchor bar, and anchor bars in a chloride-rich environment are very susceptible to corrosion. Prestressed tendons in a corrosive environment suffer a loss of anchorage force, the prestress decreases rapidly after locking, and the rate thereof decreases until stabilising; in the later stage, corrosion leads to the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the steel bar which may cause the reduction in anchorage force again. Anchorage force controls the deformation and stability of the anchored slope, the prestress loss caused by later corrosion may lead to an increased rate of displacement and stability degradation of the prestressed anchored rock slope. 相似文献
15.
使用IBIS-L系统对大型水电站边坡长时间的监测数据进行分析和处理,并与TM30全站仪进行变形监测精度对比。试验表明,IBIS系统可得到在雷达视线方向优于mm级精度的形变结果,优于TM30全站仪,可以实现高分辨率、高精度、实时的大型水电站边坡长时间变形监测。 相似文献
16.
软硬互层结构的顺层岩质边坡破坏类型复杂、难于防治, 针对此类边坡地质灾害易发、多发的问题, 从坡面角度、岩层倾向及组合形式、节理分布等方面进行了研究。边坡物理模型试验是揭示边坡变形破坏机理的重要手段, 基于相似理论, 以重庆市万州区孙家滑坡为工程依托, 根据滑坡区地质勘探报告设计了室内边坡物理模型试验; 试验通过顶升模型箱模拟重力加载来探究顺层岩质边坡发生破坏时, 前缘坡角和软弱夹层倾角之间的关系; 结合有限元分析软件Plaxis 2D对物理模型进行了多组数值模拟试验, 以验证软硬互层顺层岩质边坡破坏机制。试验结果表明: 对于顺层岩质边坡, 当软弱夹层的倾角在22°左右, 前缘开挖坡角58°左右时, 顺层岩质边坡容易发生滑动, 滑动面为后缘节理面和软弱夹层的贯通面。因此, 顺层岩质边坡稳定性受层面和节理面密度的控制, 当边坡含多层软弱层面时, 易沿层面和后缘节理贯通面发生破坏, 随着软弱面层数增加, 边坡稳定系数逐渐降低。研究成果可以为公路开挖切坡导致的顺层岩质边坡失稳机理研究及其稳定性评价提供理论依据, 为顺层岩质边坡失稳的预测预报提供支撑。 相似文献
17.
During the construction of some large-scale rock engineering, high-steep slopes and insufficient slope stability induced by unloading fissures are often encountered. For the reinforcement of these slopes, some techniques (including conventional pre-stressed anchoring cable and unconventional anchoring hole) are usually utilized, however, having several obvious defects. Thus, it is very difficult for a designer to design an efficient reinforcement scheme for the high-steep slopes. For this reason, the authors develop the pre-stressed anchoring beam technique, in which tensile capacity of pre-stressed structures are fully utilized. It is analyzed that the new technique is characterized by multi-functions, including engineering investigation, efficient reinforcement, drainage, monitoring and urgent strength supplement, and hoped to be extensively applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes. 相似文献
18.
The"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 triggered a large number of co-seismic landslides.The rear boundary or cracks of co-seismic landslide are generally located at the steep free surface of thin or thick mountains.Dynamic process of this kind of landslides could be divided into two parts:the seismic dynamic response of the slope and the movement process of rock mass.Taking the Laoyingyan rockslide as an example,the amplification effect was studied by single-degree-of-freedom system analysis method.Besides,the dynamic process of landslide under seismic loading was simulated by the finite difference method(FDM)and discrete element method(DEM).The amplification coefficient of the rockslide to seismic wave is 1.25.The results show that the critical sliding surface of the Laoyingyan rockslide was formed at the 23 th seconds under the action of seismic wave.At the same time,tension failure occurred at the rear edge of the sliding mass and shear failure occurred at the front edge.The maximum displacement was 0.81 m and the initial velocity was 2.78 m/s.During the initiation process of the rockslide,the rock mass firstly broke down along the joints which are along the dip of the rock stratum,and then collapsed bodily along the secondary structural planes.In the process of movement,the maximum velocity of rock mass was 38.24 m/s.After that,the rock mass underwent multiple collisions,including contact,deceleration to 0 and speed recovery after rebound.Finally,due to the constant loss of energy,the rocks stopped and accumulated loosely at the foot of the slope.The longest distance of movement was about 494 m.Besides,the smaller the damping ratio,the farther the rock mass moved.Compared with the results without considering the amplification factor,the movement distance of landslide by considering the amplification factor was more accurate.The study of the Laoyingyan rockslide is helpful to strengthen our field identification of potential co-seismic rockslides.At the same time,understanding its movement and accumulation process can help us better predict the hazard scope of the co-seismic rockslides,and provide a reference for the design of treatment projects. 相似文献
19.
为了研究川西凹陷地区中更新统冰水沉积滑坡的变形破坏机制和稳定性, 以G5京昆高速成雅段K1887+350滑坡为例, 通过工程地质勘察和物理力学试验, 运用综合监测技术, 以滑坡的实际变形量为基础, 分析了滑坡变形破坏机制, 研究加固处治前后的滑坡稳定性。结果表明: 不利的地质结构、前缘临空及降水诱发是K1887+350滑坡变形破坏失稳的主要原因, 中更新统冰水沉积层细粒土的膨胀性进一步降低了土体抗剪性质, 地表水长期渗润最终导致冰水沉积物浅表发生蠕动-拉裂变形; 地表裂缝监测是判断山体变形趋势、分析滑坡稳定性的有效途径。 相似文献
20.
在大量的野外地质调查工作基础之上,采用赤平投影法分析了沉积岩地区岩石高边坡的潜在破坏模式,并运用极限平衡法计算边坡在此潜在破坏模式下的稳定性,对安全储备较低的采石场边坡提出削坡方案,同时配合有限元法对边坡的稳定性进行了分析和评价,指出岩层层面是影响沉积岩地区高边坡稳定性的最不利结构面,是调查和研究的重点。 相似文献