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1.
Land use/cover change and driving force analyses in parts of northern Iran using RS and GIS techniques 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
To accomplish integrated watershed management and land use planning, it is necessary to study the dynamic spatial pattern of land use and cover change related to socioeconomical and physical parameters. In this study, land use and cover change detection was applied to the Lajimrood Drainage Basin in northern parts of Iran, an area characterized by rich and diversified agricultural and forest mosaic. The main of changes in the study area were forest–arable land transformation, which was only considered in this study. In order to detect these changes, at first, based on 1:25,000 digital topographic maps dated 1967 and 1994 and ETM+ satellite image dated 2002, land use map in these three dates were prepared. The results showed that the area with forest land use decreased about 3.2% in transition 1967–2002. Also, arable land increased about 36.9%. We suggested a method to analyze the driving forces and the spatial distribution of land use change. The maps of elevation, slope, and aspect were derived and classified by using digital elevation model (DEM). Also, the maps of distance from road, drainage network, and building area were selected as socioeconomical factors. These maps were overlaid and crossed with land use change map and land use change area ratio was computed. The results showed that the elevation, slope, and aspect were physical effective factors in land use changing. Also, by increasing the distance from building area and roads, deforestation rate was reduced. 相似文献
2.
Land use/land cover (LU/LC) that are significant elements for the interconnection of human activities and environment monitoring can be useful to find out the deviations of saving a maintainable environment. Remote sensing is a very useful tool for the affair of land use or land cover monitoring, which can be helpful to decide the allocation of land use and land cover. Supervised classification-maximum likelihood algorithm in GIS was applied in this study to detect land use/land cover changes observed in Kan basin using multispectral satellite data obtained from Landsat 5 (TM) and 8 (OLI) for the years 2000 and 2016, respectively. The main aim of this study was to gain a quantitative understanding of land use and land cover changes in Kan basin of Tehran over the period 2000–2016. For this purpose, firstly supervised classification technique was applied to Landsat images acquired in 2000 and 2016. The Kan basin was classified into five major LU/LC classes including: Built up areas, garden, pasture, water and bare-land. Change detection analysis was performed to compare the quantities of land cover class conversions between time intervals. The results revealed both increase and decrease of the different LU/LC classes from 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that during the study period, built-up land, and pastures have increased by 0.2% (76.4 km2) and 0.3% (86.03 km2) while water, garden and bare land have decreased by 0, 0.01% (3.62 km2) and 0.4% (117.168 km2), respectively. Information obtained from change detection of LU/LC can aid in providing optimal solutions for the selection, planning, implementation and monitoring of development schemes to meet the increasing demands of human needs in land management. 相似文献
3.
Yongan Xue Jin Liu Jun Li Changsheng Shang Jinling Zhao Mingmei Zhang 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(4):47
It is highly helpful and necessary to investigate and monitor the status of coal seam. Fortunately, remote sensing has facilitated the identification and dynamical monitoring of spontaneous combustion for a large area coal mining area, especially using the time series remotely-sensed datasets. In this paper, Datong Jurassic coal mining area is used as the study area, China, and an exclusion method and a multiple-factor analysis method are jointly used to identify the spontaneous combustion, including land surface temperature (LST), burnt rocks, and land use and land cover change (LUCC). The LST is firstly retrieved using a single-window algorithm due to a thermal infrared band of Landsat-5 TM (Thematic Mapper). Burnt rocks is then extracted using a decision-tree classification method based on a high-resolution SPOT-5 image. The thermal anomaly areas are identified and refined by the spatial overlay analysis of the above affecting factors. Three-period maps of coal fire areas are obtained and dynamically analyzed in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The results show that a total of 12 coal fire areas have been identified, which account for more than 1% of the total area of the study area. In general, there is an increasing trend yearly and a total of 771,970 m\(^{2}\) is increased. The average annual increase is 257,320 m\(^{2}\), the average annual growth rate is 3.78%, and the dynamic degree is 11.29%. 相似文献
4.
Shivesh Kishore Karan Adarsh Kumar Sukha Ranjan Samadder 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(22):770
Coal-mining activities are precursors to land degradation, a part of which is directly related to the generation of huge quantity of overburden (OB) material. The problem of managing OB is mitigated through reclamation, which is directly associated with the geotechnical properties of these dumps. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of an alternative management plan of OB by analyzing physical properties of these dumps. This alternative management plan of OB could enhance reclamation success by fostering conditions conducive for vegetation growth. This is especially required in old mining areas, where salvaging of topsoil was not done, and as a result, reclamation was affected. For the present study, 12 representative OB samples were collected from two open-cast coal mines (OCP-A and OCP-B) of Bastacolla area in Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India. The samples were analyzed for different geotechnical properties. The results revealed that optimization of these parameters could help in enhancing the reclamation success of the area. From land-use classification, it was observed that about 242 ha of the study area was OB dump; if these areas are reclaimed successfully, then they can act as a potential source of carbon sequestration, and furthermore, they will improve the esthetics and the overall environmental quality at these degraded areas. 相似文献
5.
Fazel Amiri Vahid Rahdari Saeideh maleki najafabadi Biswajeet Pradhan Tayebeh Tabatabaei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):801-809
Chah Nimeh reservoirs have served as a water storage facility, especially during droughts over the last three decades. It is also an important wintering site for migratory birds. In this study, thematic mapper time-series data were derived from Landsat images for prolonged droughts that occurred in two satellite images (2002 and 2011). The data derived from these images were used for the detection of changes in land cover and water storage in the reservoirs. First, a vegetation cover map was produced using soil-adjusted vegetation index and field sampling. Subsequently, land use/cover maps were generated using supervised and hybrid image classification method. Using the spatial change detector (SCD v1.0) software extension, the layers were combined and the change map was generated. The overall accuracy of the produced thematic images was assessed in regards to quantity and allocation disagreements. A total of five classes were defined in this investigation: deep water, shallow water, vegetation, salt land and bare land. The results showed that during the period of study, water volume reduced and vegetation cover increased, especially around the reservoirs that are important as shelter for wintering migratory birds. Comparison of land use/cover maps showed the increase in total available surface of shallow water, which indicated an increase in the habitats for surface feeding and diving birds. 相似文献
6.
The land use/cover in any urban area is dynamic in nature. Maps of existing land use/covers have to be updated periodically to monitor changes. To speed up mapping and decision making, remotely sensed satellite data have been advocated. This study used the IRS-1A LISS 1 satellite data for delineation of selected urban features in Calcutta Metropolitan District. Due to lack of ground information, some known features have been used as reference categories to classify the study area.The satellite data was transformed through a principal components analysis and two new bands of data were created and combined with the original four band data. Both supervised and unsupervised methods were used for spectral signature collection. Thirty-six classes derived from Isodata clustering, after comparing with the selected known features, these were grouped to form five generalized land use/cover categories. The spatial distribution of these land use/cover categories have been explained in this study. 相似文献
7.
Coal fires are serious problem in Raniganj coalfield as it is the case for some of the other coalfields of India like Jharia coalfield. Earlier efforts were made to map the coal fires of this coal-field based on satellite observation. But the restricted distribution of major coal fires in the particular portion of the coalfield makes the basis for finding the geological control if responsible for coal fire distribution. In present study, night time thermal data of ASTER (Advance spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) is used to map the latest distribution (December, 2006) of coal fires in the Raniganj coalfield. Coal fire map shows that most significant zone affected by fire is at the north-western portion of the coalfield; where NE-trending open cast mines are affected by fire. This fire zone is associated with high grade coal of the Barakar Formation. Coal fires are also mapped in open cast pits of Jambad-Mangalpur area occurring over rocks of the Raniganj Formation. By integrating geological map and satellite-derived coal fire map of Raniganj coal field, it is observed that the coal fires detected by remote sensing study are spatially associated with intraformational faults. These faults may have played significant role in supplying oxygen to these coal-fires and allowing them to propagate down the depth along the trends of the faults. 相似文献
8.
以吉林省辽源市煤炭矿山为研究对象,通过对SPOT5卫星影像纠正、融合、解译等处理,快速、便捷地查清矿区的地质环境问题:矿区固体废物堆放、尾矿库分布情况;矿山采空区地面塌陷、山体开裂、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、岩溶塌陷、煤田自燃等地质灾害分布情况;由矿产开发引发的水土流失、土地沙化、侵占土地、植被破坏的情况;矿区水体、植被、土壤污染状况等。通过矿山地质环境调查实践,总结出了SPOT5卫星影像最优波段组合、融合方法及矿山地质环境调查中的地物判读标志,从而使SPOT5卫星影像在遥感环境地质调查中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
9.
Assessing land use and land cover change in the Wassa West District of Ghana using remote sensing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Manyimadin Kusimi 《GeoJournal》2008,71(4):249-259
Vast tracts of forests are lost globally every year especially in the developing countries of the tropics due to various human
activities such as lumbering, farming, bush fires, surface mining and urbanization. The rainforest in Ghana has experienced
rapid depletion since the 1980s. The impact of deforestation is widespread, affecting the livelihoods of local people and
disrupting the tropical ecosystem. There is a serious concern in the study area about climatic change, soil erosion, siltation
of rivers and loss in biodiversity which have an adverse impact on traditional medicinal plants of the local people. The study
examined the extent of land cover change through image differencing of Landsat TM 1986 and 2002. The image classification
indicated that, vegetative cover from 1986 to 2002 has been reducing whiles land use activities have been increasing. Closed
canopy, open canopy and plantation have significantly diminished and land use activities especially built ups, farms, mining
and openfields are more than doubled. The driving forces for the change in land cover are population growth, lumbering, socio-economic
and cultural practices of the people. Lumbering and mining have been some of the major causes of the changing landscape in
primary forest. Also the reliance on wood for domestic energy and the need to increase food productivity to feed growing population
have also contributed greatly to the rapid depletion of the vegetative cover. 相似文献
10.
选择地处生态环境脆弱地区的晋陕蒙接壤地区能源化工基地的大柳塔矿区为研究区,利用1986年8月2日和2007年9月7日的TM卫星图像数据为信息源,应用遥感技术对其土地利用/覆盖变化进行研究。通过图像处理,划分出7种土地利用和地表覆盖景观类型,根据获取的景观类型变化参数对其结构与变化特征进行分析,得出研究区的生态变化趋势与驱动力。结果表明,煤矿大规模开采以来,研究区景观结构稳定性减弱,破碎度增强,人类活动在研究区生态环境变化过程中起主导作用。在矿区生态环境恢复中,应提高自然植被景观类型的有效规模,有利于增强生态系统的稳定性。 相似文献
11.
With the intensification of urbanization and global warming, the problems of urban thermal environment are increasingly prominent. On the basis of the remote sensing, geographic information system, geostatistics and multiscale spatial pattern, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land surface temperature in urban thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed. The results are as follows:
12.
Stefan Wessling Claudia Kuenzer Winfried Kessels Manfred W. Wuttke 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,74(3-4):175-184
Coal seams burning underneath the surface are recognized all over the world and have drawn increasing public attention in the past years. Frequently, such fires are analyzed by detecting anomalies like increased exhaust gas concentrations and soil temperatures at the surface. A proper analysis presumes the understanding of involved processes, which determine the spatial distribution and dynamic behavior of the anomalies.In this paper, we explain the relevance of mechanical and energy transport processes with respect to the occurrence of temperature anomalies at the surface. Two approaches are presented, aiming to obtain insight into the underground coal fire situation: In-situ temperature mapping and numerical simulation. In 2000 to 2005, annual temperature mapping in the Wuda (Inner Mongolia, PR China) coal fire area showed that most thermal anomalies on the surface are closely related to fractures, where hot exhaust gases from the coal fire are released. Those fractures develop due to rock mechanical failure after volume reduction in the seams. The measured signals at the surface are therefore strongly affected by mechanical processes.More insight into causes and effects of involved energy transport processes is obtained by numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of coal fires. Simulations show the inter-relation between release and transport of thermal energy in and around underground coal fires. Our simulation results show a time delay between the coal fire propagation and the observed appearance of the surface temperature signal. Additionally, the overall energy flux away from the burning coal seam into the surrounding bedrock is about 30-times higher than the flux through the surface. This is of particular importance for an estimation of the energy released based on surface temperature measurements. Finally, the simulation results also prove that a fire propagation rate estimated from the interpretation of surface anomalies can differ from the actual rate in the seam. 相似文献
13.
Monitoring of land use and land cover change (LULC) is essential for water conservation and management. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the impact of LULC change on groundwater quality. In the present study LULC map of the study area prepared using satellite image of year 1999 and 2016 which are visually interpreted with help of ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS software. In this study different image interpretation elements like tone, texture, size, pattern and association were used and verified with field check and total eight LULC classes were recognized such as settlement, road, cultivation, industry, drainage, lake, open land and vegetation. Comparison of LULC of year 1999 and year 2016 indicates that the settlement (net increases 16.2%), road (net increases 0.8%), open land (net increases 14.8%) and industry (net increases 3.1%) area has expanded. In the study area groundwater pollution is mainly associated with LULC change and as well as poor waste management practices. Obtained result has been validated with nitrate concentration and found 73.33% accuracy reflecting that, applied techniques has produced significantly reliable results. 相似文献
14.
Remotely sensed thermal infrared (TIR) data have been widely used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). LST is an important parameter in the studies of urban thermal environment and dynamics. In the study, an attempt has been made using LANDSAT 8 thermal imagery to compute LST and the associated land cover parameters viz; land surface emissivity (LSE), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Landsat 8 TIRS band 10 & 11 (thermal bands) during 21 Oct. 2016, 22 Nov.2016, 24 Dec. 2016 and 09 Jan. 2017 were processed for LST analysis. However, band 5 & band 4 of the imagery was processed for NDVI, band 6 & band 5 for NDBI and band 2 & band 5 for NDWI analysis. LST has been derived from both the bands 10 &11 and validated by in-situ observations on the date and time of satellite overpass from the study area. Band 10 derived LST have shown much temperature difference while comparing with the in-situ observations. However, LST derived from band 11 found similar & close to the in-situ measurements. Relationship between band 11 results and in-situ observed measurements were developed, which has showing a strong correlation with (r2 = 0.991). Land surface emissivity were also evaluated which shows variation in different land cover surfaces like vegetation, settlement, forest cover and water body. The study has proven that land surface temperature derived from satellite band 11 is the actual surface temperature of the study area. 相似文献
15.
Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially. 相似文献
16.
Xianguo TUO Wunian YANG Huaiyong SHAO Zhengqi XU Keliang MU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):37-38
Remote sensing is an effective method to monitor environmental change. To study the influence of mining and mine dump on the environment of mine, remote sensing is used to monitor the change of land use and vegetation in the ore area, and to forecast the ecological environment by considering the mining speed. Remote sensing images at different periods were collected in the study, which include MSS images in 1975, TM images in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, and SPOT-5 images in 2002. At the same time, relief map and geological map of the ore area were also collected as assistant data for remote sensing interpretation. After color synthesis, enhancing treatment and geometrical revision, the interpreted dynamic information on remote sensing images was edited with ARC/INFO software, to build a dynamic monitoring database for land use in the ore area from 1975 to 2005 and a database for land use in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2002 and 2005. Through interpretation, it is found that, after 30 years of mining activities, the vegetation area in the Panzhihua mining area was reduced from 9352.6 ha in 1975 to 8195.6 ha in 2005, and its grassland area from 1053 ha in 1975 to 795.5 ha in 2002. After that, the grassland area increased to 869.1 ha in 2005 because of re-cultivation of some mine dumps. 相似文献
17.
Urbanization has been an important component of land use and land cover change. Quantifying land use patterns and their changes
is essential for monitoring and assessing the impact of urbanization. Data on existing and changing land use provide crucial
clues for future development. Combining the application of remote sensing with geographic information systems (GIS) data,
this study accomplishes (i) the creation of time-series land use maps in the core urban area of the city of Hangzhou, China;
(ii) the examination of the land use cross-tabulation matrix to assess the transitions between land use types; and (iii) the
introduction of a new asymmetric relation analysis method to explore the dependency relationship of different times in land
use. The investigation was based on a 12-year time series dataset (1990–2002), compiled from fine-resolution satellite imagery
and GIS-based maps. The results of the study showed that, first, there are strong associations between different stages (1990,
1996, and 2002) in land use development, and, secondly, the dependency between land use states was asymmetric in both stages
of development. In addition, urbanization in Hangzhou has resulted in notable increases in the surface area of urban land
and sharp decreases in the surface area of cropland. 相似文献
18.
The human influence on environmental processes has been described for many types of land use. One of the oldest tools to modify
people’s environment is fire, which has dominated fire regimes in many regions over long time scales. This paper focuses on
a German case study region, where 80–90% of the fires are human-caused. The objectives of this study are the application of
the Regional Fire Model (Reg-FIRM), a process-based fire model that is incorporated into the LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation
Model, to temperate forests under historic climate conditions and to explore ranges of potential impacts of future climate
change on fire and vegetation dynamics. Simulation experiments are designed to simulate historic fire pattern and to explore
influences of vegetation on fire. Simulated fire pattern reproduced the observed average fire conditions reasonably well although
with a smaller amplitude. This leads to underestimation of extreme fire years as well as an overestimation of low fire years.
Vegetation composition influenced fire spread conditions in the temperate forest and had little impact on fire ignition potentials,
except when only broad-leaved deciduous forests were assumed. Fire is likely to change under climate change conditions. Simulated
experiments were conducted to explore the effects of climate change and rising CO2 concentration given the potential natural vegetation as the best-case for Brandenburg. Three GCM scenarios predicting different
future climatic changes were applied, and resulted in quantitatively different future fire patterns. Depending on future precipitation
pattern and the influence of the CO2 effect on canopy conductance and thus litter moisture, fire was predicted to either decrease or slightly increase in Brandenburg
forests, but the burnt area would not exceed current, extreme fire years. Generally, fire changes had no implication for vegetation
composition in Brandenburg, but reduced vegetation carbon gain after 2050. In the HadCM3 application, simulated increase in
grass cover due to a large burnt area after 2075 accelerated fire spread conditions, thus still increasing the burnt area,
while climatic fire danger and number of fires already began to decline. These interactions underline the importance to consider
the full range of fire processes and interactions with vegetation dynamics in a simulation model. 相似文献
19.
基于景观生态学的喀斯特生态脆弱区土地利用/覆被变化评价——以贵州猫跳河流域为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过运用遥感、地理信息系统以及全球卫星定位系统等技术手段,借助于景观生态学中的景观格局指数以及构建生态价值指数,对位于贵州中部典型喀斯特地区的猫跳河流域1973年以来的土地利用/覆被变化及其对整个区域生态环境状况的影响以及近30年来土地利用的合理性进行了评价。研究表明,在过去的30年间,研究区的土地覆被发生了显著的变化,并对区域的生态环境造成了深刻的影响。1973- 1990年,猫跳河流域的景观趋于破碎化,斑块总数从3 438个增加到3 619个,生态服务价值指数从3 626. 58降低到3 343. 47,土地利用具有明显的不可持续性; 1990- 2002年,猫跳河流域的景观破碎度降低,斑块数量从1990年的3 619个减少到3 312个,整个流域的生态服务指数从3 343. 47上升到3 738. 4,生态环境质量开始向好的方向发展。 相似文献
20.
研究大型矿业基地土地利用动态变化过程可间接评估矿产开发对区域生态环境的影响。采用2005年、2010年和2015年3期SPOT-5和GF-2卫星影像数据,通过人工目视解译与计算机自动提取相结合的手段,提取宁东煤炭基地土地利用信息,并收集2000年土地利用遥感解译信息,构建土地利用程度综合指数、动态度等,定量研究宁东煤炭开发引起的土地利用变化,结合经济社会发展指标,构建驱动土地利用变化的定量评价体系,分析了宁东煤炭基地土地利用格局变化的驱动因素。结果表明,2000—2015年宁东煤炭基地一直处于土地持续开发利用阶段,主要表现为草地、林地及耕地向工矿用地为主的建设用地转变,但土地利用程度综合指数的增幅有所下降,表明基地建设逐渐进入稳定期,土地利用压力趋于下降;主成分分析表明,人类活动驱动着宁东土地利用格局的变化,主要有封山禁牧政策、产业化和规模化、人口增长、城镇化等因素。该研究结果可为宁东煤炭基地未来生态环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献