共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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地震区岩石边坡的倾覆破坏及倾覆稳定性评价问题目前还较少涉及,没有相应的解析方法可供参考。基于力矩平衡原理,推导了坡顶含张裂缝的饱水岩石边坡,在水平拟静力地震荷载下的抗倾覆稳定系数解析表达式;通过变动参数的比较分析,绘制了饱水岩石边坡抗倾覆稳定系数与边坡几何要素之间的关系曲线和稳定图,进而可直接查取图表获得边坡的抗倾覆稳定性安全系数;在此基础上,提出了水平地震荷载下饱水岩石边坡的倾覆临界曲线,从而实现了快速查取工程边坡的抗倾覆安全系数和定性评判边坡的倾覆稳定状态,为地震区岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定性评价提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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以往对平面破坏模式的岩质边坡稳定性评价,主要关注潜在滑坡体在自重、坡体内静水压力和地震荷载耦合作用下沿破坏面的抗滑稳定性,并未涉及各类外荷载作用线不通过潜在滑体重心而引起的绕坡趾倾覆稳定性。针对这一问题,提出地震与张裂缝水压耦合作用下的岩质边坡倾覆稳定性解析方法,基于力矩平衡原理推导出岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性系数的一般表达式;通过深入的变动参数比较研究,探讨张裂缝水压和地震荷载对抗倾覆安全系数的影响,认为水压是控制岩质边坡倾覆破坏的决定性因素,而地震荷载处于次要因素,其在一定程度上增加或减小抗倾覆稳定性。在此基础上建立不同参数组合下的岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定图,为工程技术人员快速评估饱水岩质边坡地震倾覆稳定性提供直接依据。 相似文献
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虽然建筑施工周期内地震致险概率并不高,但是由于塔吊使用极其广泛,塔吊致险概率并不低于建筑结构,故而针对塔吊的减震措施亟需研究。本文以某实际超高层建筑施工使用的动臂式塔吊为研究对象,根据塔吊自身和附着于超高层建筑后的动力特性,研究了TMD装置的不同方案对塔吊地震响应的控制效果。结果表明:① TMD装置对于属于高耸结构的塔吊减震控制非常有效;② 设置在塔身顶部的双向TMD不仅可以有效减小塔身偏摆,也可以间接有效地控制起重臂的竖向振动;③ 由于超高层建筑-塔吊结构高阶振型影响明显,此TMD装置对塔吊塔身控制效果不稳定,但对于起重臂仍能起到良好的控制作用,故而此TMD装置可以使用在附着在超高层建筑上的施工塔吊,对于塔身的振动控制仍需进一步研究。 相似文献
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两类铅阻尼器试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在研制一套具有竖向耗能能力的抗倾覆装置过程中,针对该装置对阻尼器的要求,设计了两种铅阻尼器,铅剪切阻尼器和钢铅组合耗能器。为了了解两种阻尼器的力学性能,对这两种铅阻尼器分别进行了静力加载、静力反复荷载、动力性能实验以及MTS实验。实验分析结果表明,这两类阻尼器工艺简单,滞回环较为丰满,均能达到位移小阻尼力大、耗能稳定的目的,符合装置要求,适合于在工程中广泛应用。 相似文献
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多层混凝土砌块房屋抗震设计时，仅考虑地震引起的剪力作用和整体房屋的抗倾覆性能是不全面的。为此，提出了多层砌块房屋墙体倾覆力矩的计算与分配方法，通过典型砌块房屋的算例，利用本方法得到的墙体倾覆力矩与有限元结构分析软件SATWE的结果相近，证明了该方法的实用性，为多层砌块房屋抗震分析提供了有效手段。 相似文献
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本文在基础为刚性、基础周边土用不能受拉的理想弹塑性弹簧代替的假定下,同时考虑基础与地基土之间的脱开和地基土的弹塑性性质,导出了埋入基础的倾覆力矩和转角的关系式。在此基础上,进一步对结构-基础-地基土体系采用两种计算模型,选取120组土性参数值和五种空气冲击波荷载特性参数进行了动力参数分析,以研究空气冲击波作用下高层房屋人防地下室的倾覆问题。文中以一座典型的14层住宅建筑为例,给出了倾覆力矩与转角关系的表达式,并讨论了地基土特性、侧壁土与基底土的相对贡献、爆炸当量以及房屋尺寸等因素的影响。 相似文献
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采用基础摩擦隔震房屋高宽比限值的研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
大量的试验结果和地震经验表明，采用基础隔震方法能有效地提高建筑物的抗震能力，但建筑物的高度在什么范围，即建筑物的高宽比在什么范围内才适合采用这种方法，仍然是一个有待解决的课题。本文对采用基础滑移隔震多层砌体房屋在实际地震作用下的抗倾覆高宽比限值进行了研究，利用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ数值积分方法计算，得到了多层砌体房屋的高宽比限值的统计值。其数值结果可供编制建筑隔震设计规程参考。 相似文献
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为了研究全风化-强风化地区岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式,基于安徽省太湖县岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能现场试验,结合数值模拟对不同埋深、不同型式的岩石嵌固基础的抗拔性能进行分析。发现在基础埋深较浅时,坛子型和掏挖型基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式大体相近;当基础埋深较深时,掏挖型基础抗拔性能明显优于坛子型。同时,对两种基础型式的经济效益进行比较分析,研究结果表明:掏挖型嵌固基础抗拔性能更优,同时具有更好的经济性和环保性,推荐在风化性较强的岩石地基输电线路工程中推广应用。 相似文献
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以山西省祁县依法管理工程抗震设防要求为例，论述了强制性审核、确定一般工业、民用建设工程抗震设防要求的重要性及其深远意义。结合工作实际．总结了部分依法行政、规范管理和落实抗震设防要求的经验。 相似文献
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为研究某海底隧道风塔及下部结构体系在塑性阶段的损伤破坏形态及特点,探讨在多重荷载作用下弹塑性静动力响应对结构的影响,建立了沉管隧道风塔及下部结构的大型三维有限元模型。采用基于能量原理的混凝土塑性及损伤本构模型,借助大型有限元软件ANSYS及ABAQUS分别对结构进行不同地震条件下的动力时程分析,对比分析振型、层间位移角及较为完整的塑性损伤破坏系数曲线。结果表明:不同设防地震下,结构整体性良好,振型及层间位移角满足规范要求;不同罕遇地震下,该结构的混凝土塑性拉压损伤最大时刻均发生在20 s,主要破坏区域在风塔与人防井及下部立柱的接触位置,且拉伸破坏系数明显高于压缩破坏。本文的研究成果可以为类似近海沉管隧道工程抗震设计提供一定的依据与指导。 相似文献
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Luigi Sorrentino Omar AlShawa Luis D. Decanini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(5):1617-1642
Existing unreinforced masonry buildings frequently suffer out-of-plane local collapse mechanisms when undergoing earthquake
ground motion. The energy damping that occurs during the motion, due to impacts of a wall against the foundation or against
other walls, is a relevant parameter on the response. An experimental investigation has been carried out to estimate the dissipation
of kinetic energy that takes place during free oscillations. Restraint conditions allow for two-sided rocking (wall resting
on a foundation) and one-sided rocking (wall resting on a foundation adjacent to transverse walls). Five specimens have been
tested, modelling walls acted out-of-plane (fa?ades). When one-sided rocking is under consideration, different depths of the
contact surface between fa?ade and transverse walls are considered. In the case of two-sided rocking, the experimental coefficient
of restitution is slightly lower than the analytic coefficient. In the case of one-sided rocking, an analytic formulation
is proposed and this is compared against experimental data. Although the coefficient of restitution of one-sided rocking is
less than half that of two-sided rocking, it is not equal to zero. Thus, it cannot induce a sudden stop of the motion. Hence,
nonlinear time history analyses performed under this assumption may prove unsafe. Moreover, a comparison has been carried
out between overturning maps, induced by twenty natural accelerograms, computed for the analytic coefficient of restitution
and those computed for the experimental coefficient of restitution. The increased energy dissipation reduces the frequency
of overturning and causes a more regular behaviour. 相似文献
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A freestanding rigid block subjected to base excitation can exhibit complicated motion described by five response modes: rest, pure rocking, pure sliding, combined sliding-rocking, and free flight. Previous studies on the dynamics of a rocking block have assumed that the block does not interact with neighboring objects. However, there are many applications in which the block may start or come in contact with an adjacent boundary during its motion, for example, a bookcase or cabinet colliding with a partition wall in an earthquake. This paper investigates the dynamics of a sliding-rocking block considering impact with an adjacent wall. A model is developed in which the base and wall are assumed rigid, and impact is treated using the classical impulse and momentum principle. The model is verified by comparing its predictions in numerical simulations against those of an existing general-purpose rigid-body model in which impact is treated using a viscoelastic impact model. The developed model is used to investigate the effects of different parameters on the stability of a block subjected to analytical pulse excitations. It is found that wall placement (left or right) has a dominant effect on the shape of the overturning acceleration spectra for pulse excitations. In general, decreasing the gap distance, base friction coefficient, and wall coefficient of restitution enhance the stability of the block. Similar observations are made when evaluating the overturning probability of a block using earthquake floor motions. 相似文献
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Rocking (overturning) instability analyses of rigid blocks based on the assumption that the friction between the block and the ground is sufficiently large to exclude the effect of sliding, are reconsidered by including the effect in question. Both modes of overturning instability – without impact and after one impact – are thoroughly discussed in connection with small sliding, whose value depends on the values of kinetic (dry) friction coefficient and the external frequency excitation. Using an energy approach the analytical derivation of the nonlinear differential equations of motion of free-standing rigid blocks under one-sine ground pulse including the effect of sliding, are comprehensively established. The serious difficulties in solving this problem on one hand the change of the kinetic friction coefficient during the motion and on the other hand the reliable evaluation of the actual friction effect when rocking is included, are effectively confronted. This is achieved through a reliable approximation of an equivalent (reduced) coefficient assuming that the major part of friction takes place from the initiation of motion and terminates shortly after the onset of rocking. In cases of slender blocks closed form solutions for overturning due to simultaneous rocking–sliding without or after one impact, are conveniently derived. Among other findings, it was explored that the single block in question for small values of the external frequency (long periods of excitation) the sliding effect is beneficial (stabilizing the block), while for large values of external frequency this effect is detrimental (destabilizing the block). 相似文献
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The seismic behaviour of a wide variety of structures can be characterized by the rocking response of rigid blocks. Nevertheless, suitable seismic control strategies are presently limited and consist mostly on preventing rocking motion all together, which may induce undesirable stress concentrations and lead to impractical interventions. In this paper, we investigate the potential advantages of using supplemental rotational inertia to mitigate the effects of earthquakes on rocking structures. The newly proposed strategy employs inerters, which are mechanical devices that develop resisting forces proportional to the relative acceleration between their terminals and can be combined with a clutch to ensure their rotational inertia is only employed to oppose the motion. We demonstrate that the inclusion of the inerter effectively reduces the frequency parameter of the block, resulting in lower rotation seismic demands and enhanced stability due to the well-known size effects of the rocking behaviour. The effects of the inerter and inerter-clutch devices on the response scaling and similarity are also studied. An examination of their overturning fragility functions reveals that inerter-equipped structures experience reduced probabilities of overturning in comparison with uncontrolled bodies, while the addition of a clutch further improves their seismic stability. The concept advanced in this paper is particularly attractive for the protection of rocking bodies as it opens the possibility of nonlocally modifying the dynamic response of rocking structures without altering their geometry. 相似文献
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An analytical model of a deformable cantilever structure rocking on a rigid surface: development and verification 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper extends previously developed models to account for the influence of the column and the foundation masses on the behavior of top‐heavy deformable elastic cantilever columns rocking on a rigid support surface. Several models for energy dissipation at impact are examined and compared. A novel Vertical Velocity Energy Loss model is introduced. Rocking uplift and overturning spectra for the deformable elastic cantilever model excited by sinusoidal ground motions are constructed. The effects of non‐dimensional model parameter variations on the rocking spectra and the overturning stability of the model are presented. It is shown that the remarkable overturning stability of dynamically excited large cantilever columns is not jeopardized by their deformability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献