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1.
目的：对四种胶体金免疫层析测定（GICA）试纸条检测乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）进行评价，以此为实验室选择提供依据。方法：采用GICA法和酶免疫（ELA）法对定值的HbsAg样品和1210份病人血清标本同时测定，测定其敏感性、特异性和物理特性。结果：四种GILA对表面抗原的最小检出量为1－5ng/ml。与ELA法比较检出率为92．7％－99．1％，未发现假阳性及前带现象。结论：GICA检测血清中HbsAg敏感性低于ELA法，成本较高，但特异性强，简便快速，无需特殊仪器设备，适用急诊和献血员的现场采血前的筛选，有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
2.
采用积分安培-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子,该方法的相关性好（ r＞0．999）,精密度高（RSD％＜4．0）,样品加标回收率为90～110％,溴离子检出限为5．6μg/L ,碘离子检出限为2．1μg/L。本法简便、快速、准确且选择性好,可用于分析地下水中的溴离子和碘离子。 相似文献
3.
西湖叶绿素a周年动态变化及藻类增长潜力试验 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
通过1999年1－12月对杭州西湖主要湖区叶绿素a含量及水量理化指标的逐月测定,分析了西湖主要湖区叶绿素a含量周年动态变经特征及各种环境生态因子对叶绿素a的影响,并对湖水进行了藻类增长潜力试验,研究结果表明,西湖主要湖区叶绿素a含量总体保持在同一水平,年变化在41．16－191．26mg/m^3之间,年均值为为99．98mg/m^3。叶绿素a妗有明显的季节变化特征,夏季和初秋为高峰、冬季最低,水体总磷浓度与叶绿素a年周期动态变化一致,叶绿素a含量的季节变化与水温变化呈显著正相关,西湖为典型的蓝藻型湖,叫氮年均值为2．08mg/L总磷年均值为0．121mg/L,N:P大于17,水体中磷对藻类增长的促进作用比氮更加明显。 相似文献
4.
《湖泊科学》1998,(3)
由哥本哈根市政府和国际湖泊环境委员会（ILE）共同举办的第8届国际湖泊保护与管理会议（Lake’99）将于1999年5月17－21日在丹麦举行．会议主题是：可持续湖泊管理．凡呈交论文者,务必在1998年11月1日以前将2－4页详细摘要（含图表和参考文献）寄往以下地址：（1）ThesibInternationalConferenceontheConservationandManagementofLakesC／ODISCongressservlceCoPenhagenA／SHerlevRingveJZC,DK－2730Herlev,Copenhangen,Denmark（2）电子信箱：dis＠inet．uniZ．dk有关Lake’99的详细信息,还可通过访问以下网址获得：www… 相似文献
5.
本文对木星极区（1000-6000公里）Io通量管中的等离子体湍流和低频无线电波的激发机制进行了理论分析,并对它们的能量密度作了数值估计。指出:在Io通量管中可能存在着两种主要的不稳定性,一是电流驱导不稳定,这种不稳定可以激发离子声湍流,离子声湍流通过离子的非线性散射可以转化为哨声湍流。这两种湍流的能量密度大致相等,约为10-17-10-16焦耳/厘米3。另外一种不稳定性是由于高能粒子沉降引起的束流不稳定,可以激发朗缪尔湍流和迴旋频率等离子体湍流,能量密度分别为10-17焦耳/厘米3和10-14焦耳/厘米3的量级。这两种湍流可转化为低频无线电波,最大的能通量可达10-22-10-20瓦/厘米2·赫兹。 相似文献
6.
基于地图计算的流域水文过程模拟——以太湖流域上游西苕溪流域为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本实验的目的是提取和纯化铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa var．major)胞外带酸性基团的多糖,为综合利用爆 发的水华提供一定的理论依据．采用 pH 8．0、80℃的热水抽提铜绿微囊藻的胞外多糖．经充分脱蛋白、脱色后用 DEAE- 纤维素(DE-52)作离子交换柱层析,分离出其中不被 DE-52吸附和被吸附的两种组分．取后者上 sephadexG-150柱进 一步分离得到两种分子量不同的酸性多糖(EAPS Ⅰ和 EAPSⅡ),质量比为1．92∶1,经 HPLC 测定 EAPS Ⅰ均分子量为7．01 ×10~4D,EAPSⅡ均分子量为4．21×10~4D．经测定,它们各带有不同含量的酸性基团：EAPS Ⅰ糖醛酸含量为10．74%, SO_4~(2-)含量为44．44μg/mg,EAPSⅡ糖醛酸含量为7．08%,SO_4~(2-)含量为9．08μg/mg．EAPSⅠ单糖组成为：9．6549%D( ) 木糖,19．2522% D-果糖,71．0930%葡萄糖;EAPSⅡ单糖组成为：6．4065%D( )木糖,18．0016%D-果糖,75．5919%葡萄糖． 相似文献
7.
对富城花岗岩U、Th含量分析结果进行的频数统计分析表明富城花岗岩U的均值为8．92×10＾－6、众数为8．0×10＾－6、中位数为7．03×10＾－6,其概率密度曲线偏向高端呈右偏非对称分布（偏度系数CSK＝1．10）。Th的均值、众数和中位数三者一致,分别为25．7×10＾－6,25．75×10＾－6,25．8×10＾－6,其概率密度曲线呈对称正态分布（偏度系数CsK＝0．11）。核诱发裂变径迹研究查明富城花岗岩中铀有4种存在形式：（1）显微粒状铀矿物（晶质铀矿）;（2）以类质同像形式存在于锆石、磷灰石等副矿物之中;（3）均匀分散赋存在造岩矿物晶格之中的结构铀;（4）沿造岩矿物（长石、石英）微裂隙及粒间分布的非结构铀。对富城花岗岩铀配分研究发现,赋存在造岩矿物中均匀分散状的结构铀含量与全岩铀不呈消长关系,而是存在一定的极限值：长石、石英〈3X10＾－6,白云母〈5×10＾－6,黑云母〈9×10＾－6。溶浸实验结果表明,富城花岗岩活动性铀浸出率很高（平均值52％）,为富城花岗岩具有较大铀成矿潜力提供了佐证。 相似文献
8.
休伦湖Saginaw湾沉积物反硝化率的测定及其时空特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
用N2生成法测定了北美休伦湖Saginaw湾1995年夏季7、8月份沉积物反硝化率,Saginaw湾内湾的沉积物反硝化率为16．0－39．6μmolN2／（m2·h）,外湾沉积反硝化率为22．7 －26．1μmolN2／（m2·h）,比较了不同湖泊沉积物反硝化率数值大小,指出休伦湖Saginaw湾水体现阶段的营养状况为贫－中营养水平．内外湾沉积物反硝化率数值波动大小与Saginaw河及休伦湖的影响有关;N2：TIN通量比值有不随采样时间的变化而变更等特性．在反硝化率测定过程中,反硝化率与O2消耗率之间有明显的正相关关系;沉积物上覆水中NH+4与NO-3之间通量值在变化趋势上有明显的负相关关系。 相似文献
9.
保安湖是江汉湖群的一个典型浅水湖泊。近几十年来,随着经济的快速发展,保安湖面临多重人类压力影响,富营养化问题日趋严重。历史上曾开展过数次的保安湖底栖动物调查,但有关群落结构的长期变化及其驱动机制改变的认知仍为空白。本研究基于30余年（1986 2019）的多次调查数据,探索保安湖底栖动物的群落演变规律及其群落构建机制。研究共记录保安湖底栖动物5门10纲25目49科110属170种（历史记录154种,现场调查51种）。总物种数由1992年的107种降为2019年的51种;平均密度由1992年的433 ind．/m2增加到2019年的2177.6 ind．/m2;平均生物量由2001年的160.6 g/m2降低为2019年的26.7 g/m2。优势种在1987年有寡毛类、水生昆虫和软体动物多个类群,其后逐步演变为现阶段少数几种耐污的寡毛类和摇蚊类,如霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）、中国长足摇蚊（Tanypus chinensis）、红裸须摇蚊（Propsilocerus akamusi）等,而多年生大型软体动物衰退明显。PERMANOVA和SIMPER分析结... 相似文献
10.
香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究─Ⅱ.净化污水的空间 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
应用测定流水中溶氧量的方法,测定了长薄鳅的耗氧率,耗氧量及窒息点．试验表明：长薄鳅的耗氧率（Ｙ’）随鱼体重（Ｗ,ｇ）的增加而增大,其关系式分别为：Ｙ’＝１８６．５７６Ｗ（－０．２０４３）,Ｙ＝０．１８６Ｗ（０．７９６２）．温度对长薄鳅的耗氧率有影响,在１３－３０Ｃ范围内,耗氧率随水温升高而逐渐增大．耗氧率的温度敏感区域是１３－２３Ｃ和２８－３０Ｃ,而在２３－２８Ｃ范围内变化幅度较小,标准代谢量变化 相似文献
11.
PAHs contamination and bacterial communities in mangrove surface sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sixteen sediment samples collected from eight transects in a mangrove swamp of the Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China were investigated for their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the biodegradation potential of the indigenous microorganisms. The bacterial community structures in the mangrove sediments and in enrichment cultures were also investigated. The results showed that the total PAHs concentration of mangrove sediments ranged from 280 to 1074 ng g(-1) dry weight, that the PAHs composition pattern in the mangrove sediments was dominated by high molecular weight PAH components (4-6 rings), and that Benzo[ghi]perylene and Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the most dominant at different stations. Abundant PAH-degrading bacteria were found in all the stations, the values of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.85 x 10(4) to 7.80 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, fluoranthene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 5.79 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 3.10 x 10(4) to 6.97 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight and the benzo(a)pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 7.26 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight. DGGE analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to the addition of the different model PAH compound phenanthrene (three ring PAH), fluoranthene(four ring PAH), pyrene(four ring PAH) and benzo(a)pyrene(five ring PAH) during enrichment batch culture. Eleven strains were obtained with different morphology and different degradation ability. The presence of common bands for microbial species in the cultures and in the native mangrove sediment DNA indicated that these strains could be potential in situ PAH-degraders. 相似文献
12.
Cyanobacterial toxins in Italian freshwaters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Valentina Messineo Serena Melchiorre Antonella Lugliè Maria Antonietta Mariani Antonio Di Corcia Ermanno Carloni 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):95-106
This study focuses on the occurrence and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins from 1989 to 2006 in several Italian lakes of different characteristics and human uses, the latter including drinking water abstraction and recreation. Phytoplankton and LC/MS/MS toxin analyses were performed on surface water samples collected from 28 lakes. The most widespread species associated with toxin production belonged to the genera Microcystis, Planktothrix and Anabaena. Extracellular concentrations varied from non-detectable values up to 226.16 ng/mL for microcystins (sum of all variants), to 126 ng/mL for total cylindrospermopsin, and to 100 μg/g (dry weight) for anatoxin-a.The toxin concentrations in the lake waters did not always correlate with the cyanobacteria cell densities. This implies a need for control studies including toxin detection in water together with microscopic cell evaluations, in order to avoid possible toxin underestimates. 相似文献
13.
The energy content from a batch culture ofPediastrum boryanum was measured in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter as combustion enthalpy. A clear linear relation exists between dry weight
and energy content. The energy content in the exponential growth phase is constant, approx. 22.1 kJ/g dry weight (not ashfree).
The proportion of various organic substances—documented by different peaks in the thermograms—change in time, apparently due
to increasing growth-limitation by P and N.
相似文献
14.
Zinc in muscle tissue from 28 species of fish, three species of sharks and rays, two species of squid and cuttlefish, and three species of crustacea collected from Cleveland Bay, together with some measurements made on oysters and mangrove flora and fauna are reported. In the fish species the mean Zn concentration in muscle tissue was 4.83 ± 2.82 μg/g wet weight, slightly lower than zinc measurements (7 μg/g wet weight) made in 14 fish species collected from the bay in 1975. Zinc in sharks and rays ranged from 3.5 to 7.2 μg/g wet wt, in squid and cuttlefish 13–16 μg/g wet wt, and in crustacea levels ranged from 14 to 18 μg/g wet wt. Zinc levels in fish varied between species with concentrations well below the ANZECC Maximum Residue Limit of zinc in seafood (150 μg/g wet wt). Although lower zinc concentrations were found in oysters collected from the Townsville Harbour area (2080 μg/g wet wt), compared with previous measurements made 25 years ago at this site, these levels are still above the Maximum Residue Limit for zinc in oysters (1000 μg/g wet wt). Concentrations of zinc in oysters from Orpheus Island (2547 μg/g wet wt), about 74 km away from industrial and urban activity, are also above the safe guideline values. Horseshoe Bay oysters transplanted to Ross Creek accumulated zinc at a rate of about 100 μg/g of oyster tissue per week, suggesting that dissolved zinc levels at this site are elevated, and that oysters rapidly accumulate zinc. Highest concentrations of zinc in mangrove leaves (30–65 μg/g dry wt) occurred in Osbornia octodonta, Exocaria agalocha, and Aegialitus annulata, compared with Ceriops tagal, and Avicennia marina (5–10 μg/g dry wt). No significant difference in zinc concentration occurred between leaves and litter fall for most of these species, with the sole exception of Exocaria, which showed almost a twofold increase in concentration. In seven species of mangrove fauna levels of zinc were very uniform and close to 50 μg/g (dry wt) Telescopium telescopium from the mouth of the Ross Estuary was the exception with levels at 400 μg/g (dry wt). 相似文献
15.
16.
Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc were measured in coral, crab, eel, fish, lobster, and sediment samples collected from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. The sediments contained relatively high concentrations of selenium; moderate concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead; and low concentrations of chromium and zinc. Metal concentrations were also determined in coral and crabs collected from the island of Oahu. Notably, a crab (Grapsus tenuicrustatus) and the undulated moray eel (Gymnothorax undulatus) exhibited high levels of copper and arsenic, respectively, relative to the other species studied. The concentrations of arsenic in the eel averaged 225 microg g(-1) dry wt, which was 3-12 times higher than that in all of the other species tested. The average concentration of copper in the crab was 343 microg g(-1) dry wt, 3-86 times greater than that in the other species studied. These data indicate background and comparative levels of the metals among the studied species. Lead levels in the coral (9-10 microg g(-1) dry wt) and crab (42-57 microg g(-1) dry wt) from Tern and Disappearing Islands were 23-283-fold greater than those from Oahu (0.4 and 0.2 microg g(-1) dry wt, respectively). 相似文献
17.
Kilemade M Hartl MG Sheehan D Mothersill C van Pelt FN O'Brien NM O'Halloran J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1084-1096
Surface sediment from three polluted sites within Cork Harbour, Ireland, and from a relatively clean reference site were collected and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organotins (OTs), and heavy metals. PAHs were determined to be the most abundant class of contaminant. Concentrations of the sum (Sigma) of the 21 PAHs measured from the Harbour sites (2877.70 ng g(-1), 1000.7 ng g(-1) and 924.40 ng g(-1) dry weight respectively) were significantly higher than that of the sediment from the reference site (528.30 ng g(-1) dry weight). An inner harbour site, Douglas being the more contaminated of the three harbour sites. A similar pattern was observed with the other contaminants however, these compounds, with the exception of the heavy metals, all tended to be detected at concentrations on or below detection limits. 相似文献
18.
Sediment samples were collected from 12 locations of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAH concentrations varied from 472 to 16,201 ng g(-1) dry weight. The highest PAH concentrations were from the industrial zone docks situated in south Kaohsiung Harbor. Diagnostic ratios showed that the possible source of PAHs in the industrial zone dock could be coal combustion while in the other zones it could be petroleum combustion. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQcarc) of PAHs varied from 55 to 1964 ng TEQ g(-1) dry weight. Higher total TEQcarc values were found at industrial zone docks (from 1404 to 1964 ng TEQ g(-1) dry weight). As compared with the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the observed levels of PAHs at industrial zone docks exceeded the effects range low (ERL), and could thus cause acute biological damage. However, the lower levels of PAHs at the other zones would probably not exert adverse biological effects. 相似文献
19.
Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: influence of location,feeding strategy,and taxonomic affiliation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26 degrees 09'S, 70 degrees 40'W to 54 degrees 56'S, 67 degrees 37'W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 microg g(-1) dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 microg g(-1)) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 microg g(-1)). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Fernandez Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 microg g(-1)), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11-7.3 microg g(-1)) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds. 相似文献
20.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,70(1-2):189-194
Irgarol 1051 is a common antifouling biocide and is highly toxic to non-target plant species at low ng/L concentrations. We measured up to 254 ng/L Irgarol in water and up to 9 ng/g dry weight Irgarol in sediments from Southern California recreational marinas. Irgarol’s metabolite, M1, concentrations were up to 62 ng/L in water and 5 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Another antifouling biocide, diuron, reached up to 68 ng/L in water and 4 ng/g dry weight in sediments. The maximum Irgarol concentrations in water were greater than the Irgarol concentration recommended as the plant toxicity benchmark (136 ng/L), suggesting that Irgarol concentrations may be high enough to cause changes in phytoplankton communities in the sampled marinas. Irgarol concentrations measured in sediments were greater than calculated Environmental Risk Limits (ERLs) for Irgarol in sediments (1.4 ng/g). Antifouling pesticide accumulation in sediments may present a potential undetermined risk for benthic organisms. 相似文献