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1.
Hossein Jalalifar Naj Aziz Muhammad Hadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1203-1227
Fully encapsulated rock bolting has, in recent years, become a universally accepted system of ground reinforcement in mining
and tunnel construction. The application of bolting systems extends both to rebar as well as cable bolting. The effectiveness
of the bolt application has been studied in shear, both by laboratory tests as well as by numerical modeling. A specially
constructed double shearing apparatus (DSA) was used to examine the shearing behaviour of a bolt installed perpendicularly
across two joints. The experimental study was complemented with three-dimensional numerical analysis. Parameters examined
include, the effect of reinforced material on tension/compression zones along the sheared bolt, shear resistance, shear displacement
and induced strains and stresses during bolt bending process. The study was undertaken at both free load and pretension conditions.
The conclusions drawn from the study were the level of bolt resistance to shear was influenced by bolt profile configuration,
the strength of the rock or medium influenced the level of load generated on the bolt and the increased bolt pretension contributed
to increased shearing load of the bolted medium. The numerical simulation of the bolt/medium interaction and deformational
behaviour were found to be in close agreement with the experimental test results. 相似文献
2.
节理岩体锚杆的综合变形分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在总结国内外对节理岩体中锚杆加固机制的试验研究和理论探讨基础上,综合考虑锚杆的切向和轴向变形能力,建立节理锚固锚杆在剪切荷载作用下的变形模型,将节理锚固锚杆的变形区划分为弹性变形段和挤压破坏段,引入表征挤压破坏段长度的变量,对锚杆与岩体的相互作用机制进行理论分析,推导了剪切荷载与剪切位移和轴向荷载与轴向位移的关系。通过分析锚杆的屈服破坏形式,得到了确定挤压破坏段长度的方法。最后,通过算例分析了挤压破坏段长度与锚杆直径、岩体强度、锚固角度等参数的关系,得到了以下结论：（1）节理锚固锚杆抗剪作用的实质是锚杆调动岩体的抗压强度抵抗节理切向荷载。在抗压强度较高的硬岩中,挤压破坏段局限于节理面附近,锚杆影响范围小;而在抗压强度较低的软岩中,挤压破坏段较大,而且会产生较大的剪切变形,锚杆影响范围较大。（2）锚杆屈服破坏形式与岩质和锚杆直径有关。硬质岩体发生剪切屈服,而较软岩体中容易发生弯曲屈服;小直径锚杆一般直接剪切屈服,而大直径锚杆可能发生弯曲屈服。锚杆屈服破坏后出现塑性铰,挤压破坏段范围在节理一侧约为直径的1～2倍,继续增加剪切荷载,挤压破坏段长度不再增大。（3）随岩质的不同,锚杆锚固节理的最优锚固角变化较大。岩质较硬时,最优锚固角度较小,反之则较大。 相似文献
3.
4.
通过一系列剪切模型试验,研究在不同法向力、预应力和锚固情况下锚索对平滑节理面抗剪性能的影响,利用对比试验将销钉力、预应力和轴力增量3种力的抗剪作用分离出来,着重探讨了在剪切过程中3种力对节理面的抗剪贡献,并分析了锚索模拟体的破坏形式。试验结果表明,预应力锚固明显提高了节理面剪切力-位移曲线初始段的抗剪力和剪切刚度,并使得曲线末段表现出塑性强化的特征;预应力大小对加锚节理面抗剪强度的影响与试验条件、节理面状况和锚固角等有关。试验和理论分析表明,剪切位移开始阶段预应力和销钉作用发挥了主要作用,杆体形成塑性铰后轴力增量则起了重要的作用,锚索的破坏一般发生在节理面附近,属于拉剪复合破坏模式。 相似文献
5.
为探究锚固节理在直剪加载作用下的细观力学响应,利用颗粒流数值计算方法建立不同锚固角度下的锚固节理数值模型,并进行不同法向荷载下的直剪试验。之后,通过分析和对比剪切-位移曲线和峰值剪切强度来对锚固节理宏观力学性质进行研究。与此同时,基于微裂纹分布规律,从细观角度揭示了剪切荷载下不同锚固角度的岩石节理面的破坏特征;研究结果显示。（1）不同于非锚固节理,锚固节理的剪切-位移曲线在剪切后期呈现出一定的增长趋势,且粗糙度不同曲线变化特征存在一定的差异。（2）不同锚固角度下,锚固节理的破坏模式存在着较为明显的差异。当锚固角为90°时,锚固节理模型的破坏主要集中于锚杆与上下节理面接触位置,且破坏主要为挤压式破坏。随着锚固角度的减小,接触位置的破碎区域不断减小,节理破坏主要表现为沿着锚杆的轴向拉伸变形破坏及内部的拉伸破坏。（3）锚固角度的变化对锚固节理的抗强度的影响程度与节理面的粗糙度存在一定关联。具体而言,较为平直节理抗剪强度随着锚固角度的增大,增长趋势明显,而粗糙节理面随着锚固角度的增大峰值抗剪强度的变化趋势相对较为平缓。 相似文献
6.
针对锚杆受压侧岩体或砂浆体反力非线性作用及结构面的剪胀效应问题,基于经典梁理论推导锚杆轴力与轴向变形及横向剪切力与横向变形的理论公式,建立了锚杆抗剪力计算公式。通过加锚结构面直剪试验验证理论计算有效性,并分析结构面剪胀系数、围岩强度、锚杆安装角（倾角）对锚杆变形和抗剪力的影响。结果表明：锚杆抗剪理论计算与室内试验结果吻合较好;结构面剪胀系数越大,越能较快调动锚杆抗剪作用,相反锚杆塑性强化特征越不明显,改善加锚结构面的阻滑抗剪作用,主要依靠结构面固有抗剪强度;随着围岩强度降低,锚杆需经一定变形才能发挥较大抗剪作用,而随着围岩强度增大,锚杆将迅速达到屈服状态,并且锚杆由轴向张拉破坏逐渐转为拉剪破坏;锚杆最优安装角随结构面内摩擦角增大而增大,依据实际工程中结构面内摩擦角取值范围,可估算锚杆最优安装角为30°～68°。 相似文献
7.
剪切过程中锚杆的轴向和横向作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析锚杆轴向力和横向剪切力分别换算的结构面抗剪强度大小规律,依据最小势能原理的变分法,并考虑结构面剪胀特性,建立加锚结构面抗剪强度计算公式。通过加锚结构面直剪试验验证理论计算的有效性,结合理论计算公式,分析了在不同锚杆倾角下围岩强度、锚杆直径和法向应力对锚杆轴向力和横向剪切力换算的抗剪强度影响规律,以及预应力对抗剪强度的影响。结果表明：加锚结构面抗剪强度计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;当锚杆倾角逐渐增大时,锚杆轴向力发挥的抗剪强度逐渐降低,横向剪切力发挥抗剪效能逐渐增大,当锚杆倾角为120°～150°时,轴向力换算的抗剪强度基本为0,而横向剪切力换算的抗剪强度最大;随着围岩强度或法向应力的增大,锚杆轴向力换算的结构面抗剪强度减小,但随锚杆直径或预应力的增大,锚杆轴向力换算的结构面抗剪强度增大;当围岩强度和锚杆直径增大,锚杆横向剪切力换算的抗剪强度会明显增大,而预应力增大会使锚杆横向剪切力换算的抗剪强度呈现降低趋势。 相似文献
8.
Pushpendra Sharma Amit Kumar Verma Anil Negi Manish Kumar Jha Pradeep Gautam 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(15):431
Thermoelastic deformation of rock significantly affects the stability of rock slope because thermoelastic strains may cause fracture propagation under favorable condition of failure. Rock slope stability depends on the balance between shear stress and shear resistance along the plane of weakness. Due to warming of rock slopes by heat transfer phenomena, viz. conduction and convection, considerable change in induced stresses (normal and shear) and resistance takes place which further causes instability in rock slope. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite element model has been used to simulate the stability of jointed rock slope containing crack in its upper surface. Four different cases have been simulated on the basis of infilling material (air, water, ice, water and ice) in the crack. Stability of rock slope is examined in terms of shear displacement and factor of safety for different thermal conditions of slope surface. A comparative study has been done for the four cases of infilling material in the crack. The various affecting parameters, viz. shear displacement, factor of safety, shear strength along the joint, and different surface temperature conditions, are illustrated by means of graphs. It has been found that the values of horizontal and vertical displacements are in the range of millimeters. The maximum values of horizontal and vertical displacements are 2.17 mm. Moreover, the maximum values of vertical compressive and tensile stresses are 15.4 MPa and 4.45 MPa respectively for the said four cases. According to the infilling material in the crack, the stability of the rock slope for the given geometry of slope is found in the following order: crack filled with ice < crack filled with ice and water < crack filled with water < empty crack. Validations of numerical results have been done from previous studies, and it has been found that the trends of normal stress, shear strength, and shear displacement along the joint are well matched. 相似文献
9.
为了研究锚杆对节理剪切性能的作用机制和模式,开展了锚固节理岩体的实验室剪切试验,模拟了不同强度的岩体在剪力作用下的变形和受力特征,对比了锚杆加固前、后岩体的剪切变形规律,分析了节理岩体强度、预应力及锚固方式对节理的抗剪能力的影响,试验过程中通过应变片测点监测锚杆轴力的变化规律,研究了节理剪切过程中锚杆的轴向受力机制和变形特性。剪切试验完成后,取出剪切变形后的锚杆,统计了变形段长度与各参数之间的关系。通过试验结果分析,剪力-位移曲线存在明显的3个阶段：弹性阶段、屈服阶段和塑性强化阶段,曲线近似呈现双直线特征,弹性段锚杆主要发挥销钉作用;屈服段锚杆的轴向作用开始调动,锚杆同时存在销钉和约束作用;塑性段锚杆不再发挥销钉作用,只是依靠其轴向约束作用限制岩体的变形;曲线表现出韧性增强的剪切性能,这就使得锚杆锚固节理岩体的破坏特性由脆性转变为塑性,从而提高了岩体的稳定性和安全度。节理面的滑动对锚杆产生剪切作用,由于切向变形而产生了附加的锚杆轴向变形,锚杆的轴向应力随着剪切位移的增大呈增长的趋势,变形剧烈区域集中于节理面附近,且距离节理面越近其轴向应力增大越多。 相似文献
10.
An analytical method is developed to provide a better understanding of bolt shearing across joint planes under lateral confinement.
The study was undertaken in conjunction with a laboratory study of the double shearing of bolts in concrete. A review of various
analytical methods is discussed, and the bending behaviour of the bolts is studied under both elastic and plastic conditions.
Issues examined include; hinge point location, the effect of concrete strength on the bolt-bending behaviour; the influence
of bolt axial loading and bolt diameter on the hinge point position with respect to sheared joint planes. It was found that
the applied axial load on the bolt had a significant bearing on the location of the hinge points in different strength concrete,
particularly at low strengths. The hinge point location is also influenced by the bolt diameter. 相似文献
11.
In this work, dynamic test results of D-bolts are presented. The rock bolt specimens studied are 20 and 22 mm in diameter
and 0.8–1.5 m in section length. The bolts were tested at an impact velocity of 5.4–6.2 m/s and with impact energy varying
from 10 to 60 kJ. In total, over 50 drop tests were conducted during a period of three years. The dynamic tests show that
a D-bolt section of 22 mm × 1.5 m can sustain an impact of 56 kJ of a dynamic impact and absorb 60 kJ of energy prior to failure.
The maximum impact energy of the 22 mm bolt is thus 37 kJ/m of bolt and the maximum energy absorption is 40 kJ/m. The displacement
of the D-bolt increases linearly with the impact energy. A theoretical solution has been obtained for the relationship between
the impact energy and the displacement of the bolt. It states that the energy absorption of a D-bolt section is proportionally
related to the volume of the bolt section and the tensile strength and ultimate strain of the bolt material. It was also found
that the magnitude of the impact energy determines whether or not the bolt fails, while the impact momentum determines how
long the impact lasts. The impact duration increases linearly with momentum as long as the bolt shank does not fail. 相似文献
12.
To study the failure mechanisms of joints and rock bridges in jointed rock masses a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed on specimens made of rock-like material. Specimens of size 63.5cm × 27.9cm × 20.3cm, made of 72% silica sand, 16% cement (Type I) and 12% water by weight were tested. The joint inclination angle was maintained at 45°, while the offset angle i.e. angle between the plane of the joint and the line that connects the two inner tips of the joints, was changed from 0°–120° with an increment of 15°. The tests were performed using a 2000kN universal compression machine and a HP data acquisition system. In each sample, five LVDTs were fixed to measure the displacements along and across both the bridge and the joint segment, and the total displacement along the total length of the sample. The failure mechanism was monitored by visual inspection and a magnifier to detect cracks initiation. For each test the failure surfaces were investigated to determine the characteristics of each surface. In all of the tested samples curvilinear cracks called wing cracks initiated at the joints tips due to high tensile stresses concentration. These wing cracks were directed along the direction of the uniaxial load. The coalescence mechanism of two cracks was investigated. Results showed that open cracks could coalesce by shear failure or tensile failure. The coalescence path was found to be mainly dependent on the inclination of the rock bridge between the cracks. 相似文献
13.
泡沫混凝土作为隧道减震材料在抵抗地震压剪荷载方面具有重要作用,为了研究减震层-衬砌接触面在地震压剪荷载作用下的破坏特征与剪应力演化规律,利用RMT-150C电液伺服试验机开展了二者接触面在不同法向应力下的直剪试验,获得了剪应力-剪切位移、峰值强度、残余强度、剪切刚度的变化规律及接触面的破坏特征和物态变化。根据有限元模拟结果,探究接触面上剪应力的分布及演化规律。研究表明：泡沫混凝土-衬砌接触面的破坏特征受法向应力与泡沫混凝土密度共同影响,其剪应力-剪切位移曲线形态可归结为3种类型,且随泡沫混凝土密度和法向应力的变化可以相互转化;泡沫混凝土密度及法向应力对接触面峰值强度、残余强度及剪切刚度的影响是相互的,且法向应力的影响权重较大。根据剪应力-剪切位移曲线的变化规律,提出了复合指数模型来反映泡沫混凝土-衬砌接触面在压剪作用下损伤演化及摩擦滑移过程,研究结果可以为更加有效的抗减震设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
14.
通过滑坡防治格构锚固大型物理模型试验,分析了土质滑坡格构锚杆体系在坡顶荷载下的变形和位移,揭示了格构锚杆的抗滑机制,探讨了锚固力与坡体位移及锚杆变形的关系,提出了极限锚固力的计算方法。结果表明：滑坡滑动时,格构梁与坡体整体发生旋转滑移,锚杆在滑面处发生了弯曲变形,处于弯曲和轴向拉伸组合变形状态;格构锚杆的抗滑作用表现为锚杆在滑面处的抗剪抗滑和锚杆格构梁的挡土阻滑;格构锚杆的极限锚固力由初始预应力、锚杆弯曲变形引起锚拉力、坡体位移引起锚拉力三部分组成,可通过公式 计算。该研究结果可为格构锚固体系的优化设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
15.
抗浮锚杆应力-应变状态的线弹性理论分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
假定抗浮锚杆各部分贡献的位移与锚杆轴力均呈线弹性关系,运用力学原理分析锚杆轴力与锚侧摩阻力、锚-土变形之间的相互关系,推导出锚杆的摩阻力、轴力及各部分变形与锚杆各参数的相互关系。实例验证结果表明：基于线弹性模型基础上建立的摩阻力、轴力和位移公式能够较好地描述垂向抗浮锚杆在弹性变形阶段的内力和变形形态;获得了抗浮锚杆摩阻力和剪切位移沿锚固长度的分布规律;证实了锚土界面处变形为土层抗浮锚杆变形的主要部分。 相似文献
16.
17.
Analytical model for the mechanical behaviour of bolted rock joints subjected to shearing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary This study proposes a new analytical model for the prediction of the contribution of bolts to the shear strength of a rock joint. The main characteristics of this model are the accounts for the interaction of the axial and the shear forces mobilised in the bolt, as well as the large plastic displacements of the bolt occurring during the loading process. The complete curve of the bolt contribution as a function of the displacement along the joint can be computed, and the maximum bolt contribution is obtained by dissociating the bolt cohesion and the confinement effects. The comparison of the performances of this analytical model with test results shows its capacity to describe the observed phenomena. The effects of the most important parameters such as bolt inclination, mechanical properties of bolt material, rock strength and joint friction angle are clearly established and discussed. 相似文献
18.
Performance of D-bolts Under Static Loading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D-bolt is a type of energy-absorbing rock bolt. It is made of a smooth steel bar with anchors spaced along the bolt length.
A typical section between adjacent anchors is approximately 1-m long, but it can be adjusted to adapt to the rock conditions.
The bolt is fully encapsulated with either cement or resin grout in a borehole. The anchors are firmly fixed into the grout,
while the smooth bolt sections can freely deform to absorb deformation energy. Full-scale static pull tests were carried out
at different testing facilities in two laboratories. The tests show that a smooth bolt section between anchors may elongate
by 110–167 mm depending on the section length. Field trials of the D-bolt were conducted in deep metal mines. The measurements
showed that the D-bolts were equally loaded within every anchor-between section, avoiding load peaks and premature bolt failure
due to stress concentrations caused by fracture/joint opening. The field trials of rebar and D-bolts in a largely deformed
mine tunnel showed that the D-bolts behaved satisfactorily, with only a few failed bolts, while a number of the rebar bolts
failed at the thread. 相似文献
19.
Haleh Rasekh Ali Mirzaghorbanali Jan Nemcik Naj Aziz Xuwei Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1529-1548
The application of cable bolts as a secondary support system is an increasing trend in underground coal mines worldwide. The performances of cable bolts have been evaluated under both axial and shear loading conditions. Two methods of testing cables for shear, single and double shear, have been recognised. This paper examines the shear behaviour of a variety of cable bolts under different pre-tension loads by double shear testing. Plain, spiral and the combination of both cable types were used in this study. The initial axial load and the type of cable bolts are the main factors affecting their shear strength. By increasing the axial pre-tension load, the peak shear load occurs at lower shear displacement. The failure angle due to cable bending across the joint at different pre-tension loads varied between 41° and 49°. This demonstrates that the ratio of axial and perpendicular displacements is almost constant and on average the failure occurs at about 45°. A novel analytical model is proposed to evaluate the shear behaviour of pre-tensioned fully grouted cable bolts subjected to double shearing. Energy and Fourier Series methods were incorporated in the model to simulate the shear behaviour of cable bolts. The comparison of the experimental results with the proposed model shows a good agreement. 相似文献
20.
节理岩体的剪切贯通机制影响着边坡的稳定性。为揭示锁固段型非贯通节理岩体在不同连通率和法向应力下的破坏特征,在室内直剪试验中结合高速摄影与AE特征参数分析其剪切全过程及剪胀效应。结果表明:节理岩体直剪试验中,法向应力的增大及节理连通率的下降会致使峰值剪切应力及峰值剪切位移增大;节理连通率与法向应力对其破坏特征具显著影响,表现为节理连通率较高且法向应力较小时呈直接剪断的特性,节理连通率降低后呈拉剪复合破坏,出现剪胀现象,而法向应力的增大使得剪胀效应呈波动现象;AE特征与岩桥贯通过程一致,事件数峰值随节理连通率的降低及法向应力的增大而增大且位于峰后。试验得到的岩桥细观破坏特征与剪胀效应对研究锁固段型岩质边坡的贯通破坏机制具指导意义。 相似文献