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1.
非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要研究前期为常规三维地震勘探和后期为高精度三维地震勘探的这种典型非重复采集时移地震的可行性,主要使用正演模拟和匹配处理相结合的方法进行.本文推导了基于PML边界的三维声波波动方程时空域高阶有限差分正演方程,根据岩石物理流体替代分析方法计算得到时移前后储层的弹性参数,建立了时移地震地球物理模型,设计了常规三维和高精度三维观测系统,进行地震正演模拟,获得了非重复采集时移地震理论模拟数据.利用匹配处理法对非重复采集时移地震正演模拟数据和实际资料进行可行性分析,匹配处理过程主要包括初始数据匹配、一致性处理和互均化处理等.理论模拟数据和实际资料的匹配处理结果表明,通过针对性的分析和处理,利用非重复采集的地震资料进行时移地震研究是可行的,能够得到较好的时移地震响应,在一定程度上反映了油藏的变化情况. 相似文献
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针对接收函数正演与偏移, 本文采用波动方程有限差分算法. 借鉴成熟的勘探地震学方法, 引入等效速度概念, 建立接收函数转换波与地震勘探反射波的等效走时方程, 实现了基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移. 数值计算表明, 波动方程有限差分叠后偏移方法可以对点绕射和穹隆构造模型实现高精度成像. 本文利用数值计算讨论了波动方程有限差分叠后偏移与Kirchhoff叠后偏移对于接收函数偏移的适用性, 还对偏移过程中速度模型的误差进行了分析. 相似文献
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本文提出了复杂构造地区的目标导向观测系统的设计方法.使用波动方程正演模拟来指导并在二维声波方程的一阶速度-应力方程中应用交错网格有限差分法实现.使用了四阶精度的差分算子和完全匹配层吸收边界条件.通过分析理论模型的模拟结果,展示了如何将地面地震响应与地下目标构造匹配.通过分析桥口地区实际地质模型的模拟结果,指出波动方程正演模拟在小断块、小背斜增生的复杂地区中相对于传统方法更精确,图像更清晰,更利于分析和指导观测系统设计.跟踪目标区的反射同相轴并得到其到达地面的接收范围来约束炮检距的范围,通过比较不同道距的模拟记录并综合考虑成本和任务目标来选取最佳道距.最终获得了实际效果达到设计要求的观测系统参数. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(2)
地震波场正演模拟是地震资料处理、解释中最为重要的技术之一。地震波场正演模拟在大时间步长、长时程的波场延拓中,存在计算不稳定的问题。本文基于声波方程的Hamilton表述,在波动方程求解中用辛差分格式进行时间网格离散,用傅里叶有限差分进行空间网格离散,提出一种新的保结构地震波场正演模拟方法一辛格式傅里叶有限差分法,在保证计算精度的同时提高计算的稳定性。利用声学近似处理空间-波数混合域的积分算子,将该方法推广至各向异性介质。给出各向同性和各向异性条件下的地震正演模拟的计算流程,并将本文方法用于BP盐丘、BP TTI等模型的波场正演模拟。数值算例表明本文开发的方法适用于速度变化剧烈的复杂介质地震波场正演模拟,计算精度高,数值频散小,在各向异性介质正演中能够有效避免qSV波残余,在大时间步长的迭代计算中稳定性好。本文为在辛算法的框架下实现高精度地震正演模拟提供了一种新的选择。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
射线类正演方法以其高效,灵活的特点,在复杂地区的勘探中发挥着非常重要的作用.常规射线正演方法只考虑地震波的运动学特征,精度较低,且对复杂构造适应性较差;高斯射线束正演方法作为常规射线正演方法的一种改进,同时考虑地震波的运动学和动力学特征,且无需两点射线追踪,兼具计算效率和精度;菲涅尔束正演模拟进一步从波动理论角度对高斯射线束的有效半宽度进行了限制,改进了波场模拟的精度和稳定性.对三种射线类正演模拟方法进行理论解剖和分析,在高斯射线束正演方法的基础上,用第一菲涅尔带半径约束高斯束束宽实现了菲涅尔束正演算法.基于理论模型和实际模型,对三种射线类正演方法和波动方程有限差分法进行对比分析,结果表明高斯射线束正演方法具有较高的计算精度;菲涅尔束正演方法更加稳定,精度更高,更接近于波动方程有限差分方法.高斯射线束和菲涅尔束均具有较高的计算效率,适合于对波场模拟精度不高但对运算效率有较高要求的应用环境. 相似文献
6.
应用波动方程有限差分方法人工合成地震记录进行城市隐伏断层的地震勘探.采用适当的差分算法、震源子波以及有效地边界条件和频散消除方法来提高正演模拟的精度和分辨率.结果表明地震数值模拟可以用来分析地层厚度、断层倾角、断层深度以及断裂带宽度等参数对地震记录的影响;通过实际试验数据和正演模拟的合成单炮地震记录的对比,可以快速判断断层的大致位置和断裂带的大致范围以及目标地层的大致深度.该方法能有效辅助实际野外工作中的数据采集参数的估计,提高勘探效率和精度. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(5)
巴布亚褶皱带是巴布亚盆地的主要油气聚集带,已累计发现40亿桶油当量,但其勘探程度依旧很低.该构造带地表大部分区域为灰岩所覆盖,地形起伏剧烈,地下构造复杂,逆掩推覆构造广泛发育,地震资料采集处理效果很差.为此,在构建逼近巴布亚褶皱带实际复杂地表复杂构造模型的基础上,进行基于波动方程的波场地震正演模拟和地震照明模拟,分析褶皱带复杂地震资料采集和处理的影响因素.结果表明,波场正演模拟方法能够很好地适应复杂地表和复杂构造模型,模拟结果与实际地震资料具有很好的一致性,地面不同位置激发得到的单炮记录和地震照明分布具有很大的差异,探讨了影响复杂构造成像的主要因素.针对工区实际地下目标,提出了地震采集观测系统优化设计和后续处理建议,为复杂地表复杂构造区地震资料采集处理提供了借鉴和参考依据. 相似文献
8.
利用传统有限差分方法对基于Biot理论的双相介质波动方程进行数值求解时,由于慢纵波的存在,数值频散效应较为明显,影响模拟精度.相对于声学近似方程及普通弹性波方程,Biot双相介质波动方程在同等数值求解算法和精度要求条件下,其地震波场正演模拟需要更多的计算时间.本文针对Biot一阶速度-应力方程组发展了一种变阶数优化有限差分数值模拟方法,旨在同时提高其正演模拟的精度和效率.首先结合交错网格差分格式推导Biot方程的数值频散关系式.然后基于Remez迭代算法求取一阶空间偏导数的优化差分系数,并用于Biot方程的交错网格有限差分数值模拟.在此基础上把三类波的平均频散误差参数限制在给定的频散误差阈值和频率范围内,此时优化有限差分算子的长度就能自适应非均匀双相介质模型中的不同速度区间.数值频散曲线分析表明:基于Remez迭代算法的优化有限差分方法相较传统泰勒级数展开方法在大波数范围对频散误差的压制效果更明显;可变阶数的优化有限差分方法能取得与固定阶数优化有限差分方法相近的模拟精度.在均匀介质和河道模型的数值模拟实验中将本文变阶数优化有限差分算法与传统泰勒展开算法、最小二乘优化算法进行比较,进一步证明其在复杂地下介质中的有效性和适用性. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(6)
The perfectly matched layer(PML) boundary condition has been proven to be effective for attenuating reflections from model boundaries during wavefield simulation. As such, it has been widely used in time-domain finite-difference wavefield simulations. The conventional PML has poor performance for near grazing incident waves and low-frequency reflections. To overcome these limitations, a more complex frequency-shifted stretch(CSF) function is introduced, which is known as the CFSPML boundary condition and can be implemented in the time domain by a recursive convolution technique(CPML). When implementing the PML technique to second-order wave equations, all the existing methods involve adding auxiliary terms and rewriting the wave equations into new second-order partial differential equations that can be simulated by the finite-difference scheme, which may affect the efficiency of numerical simulation. In this paper, we propose a relatively simple and efficient approach to implement CPML for the second-order equation system, which solves the original wave equations numerically in the stretched coordinate. The spatial derivatives in the stretched coordinate are computed by adding a correction term to the regular derivatives. Once the first-order spatial derivatives are computed, we computed the second-order spatial derivatives in a similar way; therefore, we refer to the method as two-step CPML(TS-CPML). We apply the method to the second-order acoustic wave equation and a coupled second-order pseudo-acoustic TTI wave equation. Our simulations indicate that amplitudes of reflected waves are only about half of those computed with the traditional CPML method, suggesting that the proposed approach has computational advantages and therefore can be widely used for forwarding modeling and seismic imaging. 相似文献
12.
地震波场模拟方法研究对于与波动现象有关的地震学问题的重要性是不言而喻的.就目前现有的各种正演算法来说,精度较高的算法（如有限元法、谱元法、高阶有限差分法等）,其计算速度较慢;计算速度较快的算法（如低阶有限差分法、付氏伪谱法等）计算精度却比较低.为了兼顾地震波场模拟的精度与速度,本文推出了一种快速的、高精度地震波场模拟方法（基于Forsyte广义正交多项式的褶积微分算子法）,该方法是以计算数学中的Forsyte广义正交多项式插值函数为基础,构建一个新的褶积微分算子,并将该算子引入到地震波动方程的一阶速度-应力方程的空间微分运算中去,采用时间交错网格有限差分算子替代普通的差分算子以匹配高精度的褶积微分算子,从而构造一种全新的地震波场数值模拟方法.该方法同时具有广义正交多项式方法的高精度和短算子低阶有限差分算法的高速度.通过对算子长度的调节及算子系数的优化,可同时兼顾波场解的全局信息与局部信息.复杂非均匀介质模型中的波场数值模拟实验证实了该方法的可行性及优越性. 相似文献
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如何有效压制数值频散是有限差分正演模拟研究中的关键问题之一.近年来,许多学者对二阶声波方程的差分算子开展了大量的优化工作,在压制频散方面取得不错的效果.一阶压强-速度方程广泛用于研究地震波在地下变密度模型中传播规律,目前针对一阶方程的优化工作大多只是在空间差分算子上展开.本文在前人研究的基础上,推导出一阶声波方程中压强场与偏振速度场之间的解析关系,据此在传统交错网格基础上给出一种高精度的显式时间递推格式,该递推格式将时间差分与空间差分算子结合在一起,并采用共轭梯度法得到精确时间递推匹配系数,实现时空差分算子的同时优化.在编程实现算法的基础上,通过频散分析与三个典型模型测试表明:本文方法能够较为有效地压制时间频散与空间频散,提高数值计算精度;同时对复杂模型也有很好适用性. 相似文献
14.
Numerical solution of the scalar and elastic wave equations has greatly aided geophysicists in modeling seismic wave fields
in the complicated geologic structures containing hydrocarbons and hence increases the geologic interpretation. Finite-difference
method offers a versatile approach to compute synthetic seismograms numerically for given subsurface complex geological structures.
To avoid the spatial derivative of the elastic parameters and density, elastodynamic equation (first-order hyperbolic equation)
has been solved using the Lax-Wendroff scheme. A numerical finite-difference modeling program has been developed for the P-SV
wave using the above solution. A line source with a time delay of 0.015s and dominant frequency of 120 Hz has been utilized
in the simulation. In order to avoid the large values of the displacement vector in the source region,Alterman andKaral's method (1968) has been utilized. Horizontal and vertical component synthetic seismograms have been computed for two different
geological models with and without oil and gas bearing zones. It has been concluded from the response that a finite-difference
technique not only yields the relative arrival times but also accounts for the variation in amplitude and phase according
to the elastic impedance contrast across the interfaces. It should come as no surprise to learn that in spite of the limitation
of this numerical method, the scheme has provided a valid response for the thin layer, high acoustic impedance contrast and
the pinch out. 相似文献
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Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second-order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite-element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media. 相似文献
17.
In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equations. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations: the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) separate elastic wave equations, with the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) full (or mixed) elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-difference method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snapshots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corresponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationally slightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-component processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements. 相似文献
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When treating the forward full waveform case, a fast and accurate algorithm for modelling seismic wave propagation in anisotropic inhomogeneous media is of considerable value in current exploration seismology. Synthetic seismograms were computed for P-SV wave propagation in transversely isotropic media. Among the various techniques available for seismic modelling, the finite-difference method possesses both the power and flexibility to model wave propagation accurately in anisotropic inhomogeneous media bounded by irregular interfaces. We have developed a fast high-order vectorized finite-difference algorithm adapted for the vector supercomputer. The algorithm is based on the fourth-order accurate MacCormack-type splitting scheme. Solving the equivalent first-order hyperbolic system of equations, instead of the second-order wave equation, avoids computation of the spatial derivatives of the medium's anisotropic elastic parameters. Examples indicate that anisotropy plays an important role in modelling the kinematic and the dynamic properties of the wave propagation and should be taken into account when necessary. 相似文献
19.
川西坳陷致密碎屑岩储层虽然地质储量丰富,但是复杂地质条件导致的储层物性差、分布广、层系多、裂隙发育、非均质性强、流体关系复杂的特点加剧了勘探开发的难度。本文针对川西新场探区的复杂性和特殊性,将裂隙储层等效为各向异性储层,进行VTI介质和HTI介质波动方程正演模拟,分析该地区裂隙介质的地震响应特征。波场模拟结果分析表明,裂隙介质的存在,会引起反射波场的振幅和走时变化;另一方面,根据走时的变化,也能估算裂缝发育角度范围。 相似文献
20.
Seismic wavefield modeling is important for improving seismic data processing and interpretation. Calculations of wavefield propagation are sometimes not stable when forward modeling of seismic wave uses large time steps for long times. Based on the Hamiltonian expression of the acoustic wave equation, we propose a structure-preserving method for seismic wavefield modeling by applying the symplectic finite-difference method on time grids and the Fourier finite-difference method on space grids to solve the acoustic wave equation. The proposed method is called the symplectic Fourier finite-difference (symplectic FFD) method, and offers high computational accuracy and improves the computational stability. Using acoustic approximation, we extend the method to anisotropic media. We discuss the calculations in the symplectic FFD method for seismic wavefield modeling of isotropic and anisotropic media, and use the BP salt model and BP TTI model to test the proposed method. The numerical examples suggest that the proposed method can be used in seismic modeling of strongly variable velocities, offering high computational accuracy and low numerical dispersion. The symplectic FFD method overcomes the residual qSV wave of seismic modeling in anisotropic media and maintains the stability of the wavefield propagation for large time steps. 相似文献