共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
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针对深部隐伏的金属矿床,以铜陵某矿区为例,应用散射波正演模拟技术,对金属矿地震数据野外采集中涉及的偏移距、覆盖次数、道间距等参数进行了不同炮记录的模拟对比,辅助指导非均匀地质体金属矿地震勘探野外数据采集的观测系统设计;针对该地区实际采集的地震数据,应用基于等效偏移距的共散射点成像方法,对金属矿地震数据进行了处理,通过与常规反射波法处理结果对比,散射成像效果较好,说明散射波技术在金属矿地震勘探中应用有一定的可行性和适用性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(5)
巴布亚褶皱带是巴布亚盆地的主要油气聚集带,已累计发现40亿桶油当量,但其勘探程度依旧很低.该构造带地表大部分区域为灰岩所覆盖,地形起伏剧烈,地下构造复杂,逆掩推覆构造广泛发育,地震资料采集处理效果很差.为此,在构建逼近巴布亚褶皱带实际复杂地表复杂构造模型的基础上,进行基于波动方程的波场地震正演模拟和地震照明模拟,分析褶皱带复杂地震资料采集和处理的影响因素.结果表明,波场正演模拟方法能够很好地适应复杂地表和复杂构造模型,模拟结果与实际地震资料具有很好的一致性,地面不同位置激发得到的单炮记录和地震照明分布具有很大的差异,探讨了影响复杂构造成像的主要因素.针对工区实际地下目标,提出了地震采集观测系统优化设计和后续处理建议,为复杂地表复杂构造区地震资料采集处理提供了借鉴和参考依据. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
近年来,全球海上油气勘探热点逐渐由浅水走向深水,而地震资料采集和处理是制约深水油气勘探的重要因素.以往资料表明,受采集观测系统的影响,深水盆地陡坡带的地震成像效果往往较差,对边界断层和下伏地层产状的认识造成严重影响.本文根据巴布亚盆地某深水工区实际数据,构建典型深水陡坡带地质模型,通过地震波场正演模拟方法对陡坡带地震采集的观测方式进行优化.结合基于波动方程的单炮照明和多炮照明组合等地震照明方法对目标层进行照明分析,探索影响陡坡带深大断层和上、下盘地层成像效果的原因.最后通过局部炮集数据进行叠前深度偏移处理,进一步验证波场正演模拟和照明分析指导观测系统优化设计的有效性.波场正演模拟和照明分析结果表明,对于拖缆式地震采集,采用左侧激发、长排列接收方式对深水陡坡带成像具有相对较好的效果. 相似文献
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时移地震勘探作为储层动态监测的有效手段,对获取地下介质的弹性或物性参数变化起到了至关重要的作用.由于多期地震勘探之间介质的传播速度存在差异,同时环境条件、采集方式及处理手段等方面的不同,都会使地震记录产生走时差异.而这种走时差异对时移地震反演存在着严重的影响,尤其是基于波动方程的反演方法.为了消除时移差异,我们引入动态时间规整(DTW)方法实现角道集优化匹配,以获取地震记录的有效变化信息.此外,本文提出根据散射理论,通过弹性波动方程进行时移地震差异反演,得到地层的差异弹性参数,实现储层差异定量表征.该方法采用WKBJ近似模拟非均匀背景,具有更高的反演精度,尤其是在复杂地质构造条件下优势更加明显.本文对所提出的方法进行了数值模拟实验与实际数据应用,证明该方法得到的反演结果优于传统方法,可以实现对地层时移差异的准确刻画. 相似文献
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实际的地震勘探遇到的是复杂随机介质,常规层状介质地震波场理论已经不能适应于高精度地震工作,需要进一步发展非均匀介质地震波场理论.本文首次给出了运用分形方法建立三维随机介质的具体算法;其次引入了三维锥形函数来压制建模时产生的离散误差;最后,通过建立几种三维随机介质模型来讨论尺度系数和豪斯特指数对模拟结果的影响,并且简单构建了区域多尺度随机介质模型.模拟的结果表明,分形方法可以更方便、灵活地模拟三维随机介质.针对南海某地区生物礁储层非均质性强的特点,在建立生物礁速度模型时,对目标区充填了多尺度的分形随机介质,波动方程正演模拟结果表明,分形随机介质可以用来描述生物礁等非均质性储层. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
受地震勘探资料的采集施工方法、地表激发接收条件、复杂的地下传播介质等因素的影响会导致同一区块同一地层反射波组的频率、波形不同,静校正不彻底、速度不准会导致剩余时差,动校正拉伸会导致波形畸变,通常在常规一致性处理后的CMP/CRP道集数据仍然存在一些不一致性问题,会影响资料潜力的发挥,资料的一致性处理对处理成果品质的提高起到至关重要的作用,尤其是在多块三维连片处理、时延地震处理、过渡带探区资料处理、叠前反演处理、高分辨率处理、高精度成像处理等方面均对资料的一致性提出了更高的要求.针对该现实问题,介绍了依赖于图像的相似和有局部光滑变形(或位移)场的非刚性匹配处理技术.该技术在常规一致性处理的基础上,首先将叠前数据分选成炮检距数据,优选部分炮检距数据形成模型,然后对每一炮检距数据逐一与模型进行非刚性匹配,实现数据的一致性处理.给出了实际资料非刚性匹配一致性处理的效果,证实了该技术在提高数据的一致性、改善数据处理成果品质、保持分辨率不降低和振幅保真方面具有一定的优势.因此,该技术可适用于时延地震匹配处理、叠前角道集拉平、叠前CMP/CRP道集拉平、振幅随角度变化(AVA)处理、PS波与PP波同相轴匹配处理等. 相似文献
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正演模拟技术在地震采集设计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着地震勘探开发的不断深入和发展,地震勘探的主战场逐渐向复杂地区转移.复杂地区既指地表条件复杂的地区,也指地下地质构造和地层条件复杂的地区,这些都对地震勘探提出了新的挑战和更高的要求.地震正演模拟正是开展此类问题研究的一个重要手段和方法.目前市场上具有正演模拟功能的软件大多是根据射线理论采用射线追踪的方法来完成正演模拟的,这种方法不能很好地反映地震波的动力学特征,特别是在复杂地区难以得到正确的结果.本文利用高阶有限差分有效克服了常规有限差分算法求解波动方程的频散问题,并以高效的OpenMP并行计算模式进行了并行优化,较大程度上提高了正演计算的速度和精度;同时实现了二阶Higdon边界条件,改善了边界吸收效果;也在一定程度上提高了计算速度.塔中地区主要目的层埋藏深,逆断层发育,地震反射特征复杂,增加了地震勘探的难度.本文依据该地区的地质模型,利用波动方程正演技术论证了该地区的地震采集观测系统,为该区地震采集观测系统的设计提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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我国陆域天然气水合物主要分布于青藏高原和漠河地区.由于永久冻土层的存在,地震勘探很难获得高品质的资料,给天然气水合物勘探带来了诸多困难.为解决冻土层对地震信号的衰减问题,在哈拉湖地区采用低频可控震源进行地震资料采集试验,通过提高覆盖次数,获得了较高信噪比的地震资料.在高质量地震资料基础上,进行精细速度分析,获得了较准确的叠加速度谱资料;然后以层速度剖面为基础建立正演模型,开展天然气水合物地震正演模拟研究;最后利用叠后偏移地震数据进行地震属性分析.通过正演模拟和地震属性综合研究,总结了天然气水合物的地球物理响应特征,速度突变和空白反射带可作为哈拉湖地区陆域天然气水合物识别的敏感因素. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme. 相似文献
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观测系统的重复性是时移地震的关键问题.而对于全面评价,多道重复性度量又是很有意义的.基于归一化均方根差异计算方法,地震多道数据的重复性一般为单道数据重复性的加权均方根.针对海上拖缆监测数据与基线数据多道匹配不确定的问题,采取了定向最佳匹配原则和失配虚拟技术方法.基于地震数据重复性与观测系统重复性的线性相关模型,研究了时移地震观测系统的多道加权均方根重复性特征.结合实际数据研究表明,基于面元的观测系统最佳定向匹配的多道加权均方根重复性基本反映全部观测系统的重复性和覆盖程度. 相似文献
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The added value of the joint pre-stack inversion of PP (incident P-wave and reflected P-wave) and PS (incident P-wave and reflected S-wave) seismic data for the time-lapse application is shown. We focus on the application of this technique to the time-lapse (four-dimensional) multicomponent Jubarte field permanent reservoir monitoring seismic data. The joint inversion results are less sensitive to noise in the input data and show a better match with the rock physics models calibrated for the field. Further, joint inversion improves S-impedance estimates and provides a more robust quantitative interpretation, allowing enhanced differentiation between pore pressure and fluid saturation changes, which will be extremely useful for reservoir management. Small changes in reservoir properties are expected in the short time between the time-lapse seismic acquisitions used in the Jubarte project (only 1 year apart). The attempt to recover subtle fourth-dimensional effects via elastic inversion is recurrent in reservoir characterization projects, either due to the small sensitivity of the reservoirs to fluid and pressure changes or the short interval between the acquisitions. Therefore, looking for methodologies that minimize the uncertainty of fourth-dimensional inversion outputs is of fundamental importance. Here, we also show the differences between PP only and joint PP–PS inversion workflows and parameterizations that can be applied in other projects. We show the impact of using multicomponent data as input for elastic seismic inversions in the analysis of the time-lapse differences of the elastic properties. The larger investment in the acquisition and processing of multicomponent seismic data is shown to be justified by the improved results from the fourth-dimensional joint inversion. 相似文献
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西湖凹陷深层致密砂岩储层具有良好的勘探开发前景,受埋深影响,目的层地震资料品质较差.A构造通过斜缆宽频采集和处理获取宽频地震数据,提升了资料品质,然而应用常规子波提取方法对宽频数据进行子波提取并反演计算纵波阻抗,结果与井上实测数值差异较大,影响储层的定量解释.针对这一问题,提出统计性子波和确定性子波相结合的长短子波合并宽频子波提取方法,提取的宽频子波比常规子波低频丰富、旁瓣小,能更真实地反映地震信息,约束稀疏脉冲反演的纵波阻抗结果与测井曲线吻合度更高.基于宽频数据和常规数据分别进行约束稀疏脉冲弹性波阻抗反演,预测A构造优质储层分布,经已钻井证实,宽频数据比常规数据储层预测精度高,预测的储层展布特征与研究区地质沉积认识一致.结果表明:这种基于宽频子波提取的宽频资料应用方法有效降低了致密砂岩储层预测的多解性. 相似文献
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针对时移地震差异数据,给出了一种基于贝叶斯理论的AVO波形反演方法.该方法可以利用时移地震差异数据同时反演出纵波阻抗、横波阻抗和密度的变化.利用时移地震资料进行反演,由于采集和处理过程中存在一定的差异,不同年份地震资料在非注采过程影响区域也会存在一定的变化,而该变化会导致反演结果在非注采区域有较大的变化.针对这一问题,本文采用贝叶斯理论框架,将待求的纵横波阻抗、密度变化的先验信息和包含在地震数据中的信息结合起来,对于纵横波阻抗和密度变化,假设其服从Gauss分布,并以时移地震分别反演的结果作为其期望,同时,为了更好地表征储层属性变化,提高分辨率和抑制非注采区域弹性参数的变化,假设弹性参数变化的导数服从改进的Cauchy分布.数值模拟试验和实际资料处理结果皆表明,本文提出的反演方法能够有效地抑制假象,突出储层性质的变化,得到高分辨率的弹性参数变化信息,为研究储层属性的变化和优化开采方案提供更多的有效的信息. 相似文献
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Seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratios （SNRs） are useful in reservoirexploration. To obtain high SNR seismic data, significant effort is required to achieve noiseattenuation in seismic data processing, which is costly in materials, and human and financialresources. We introduce a method for improving the SNR of seismic data. The SNR iscalculated by using the frequency domain method. Furthermore, we optimize and discussthe critical parameters and calculation procedure. We applied the proposed method on realdata and found that the SNR is high in the seismic marker and low in the fracture zone.Consequently, this can be used to extract detailed information about fracture zones that areinferred bv structural analysis but not observed in conventional seismic data. 相似文献
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Multi-wave exploration is an effective means for improving precision in the exploration and development of complex oil and gas reservoirs that are dense and have low permeability. However, converted wave data is characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution, because the conventional deconvolution technology is easily affected by the frequency range limits, and there is limited scope for improving its resolution. The spectral inversion techniques is used to identify λ/8 thin layers and its breakthrough regarding band range limits has greatly improved the seismic resolution. The difficulty associated with this technology is how to use the stable inversion algorithm to obtain a high-precision reflection coefficient, and then to use this reflection coefficient to reconstruct broadband data for processing. In this paper, we focus on how to improve the vertical resolution of the converted PS-wave for multi-wave data processing. Based on previous research, we propose a least squares inversion algorithm with a total variation constraint, in which we uses the total variance as a priori information to solve under-determined problems, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the inversion. Here, we simulate the Gaussian fitting amplitude spectrum to obtain broadband wavelet data, which we then process to obtain a higher resolution converted wave. We successfully apply the proposed inversion technology in the processing of high-resolution data from the Penglai region to obtain higher resolution converted wave data, which we then verify in a theoretical test. Improving the resolution of converted PS-wave data will provide more accurate data for subsequent velocity inversion and the extraction of reservoir reflection information. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Jinmiao Zhao Wei Huang Xuri Wang Guanghai Liu Li 《应用地球物理》2006,3(2):105-111
Field SZ36-1 is a water-flooded heavy oil reservoir with high porosity and unconsolidated sand. The recovery rate is low so that it becomes a challenge for production. Time-lapse seismic data is studied to improve the oil recovery for this field, This feasibility study analyzes the possible time-lapse seismic attribute spatial distribution using dynamic data and the reservoir model to determine the optimum time to acquire a new seismic survey. Based on the study, it is found that the time-lapse seismic response for this unconsolidated sand has a strong signature due to solution gas when the reservoir pressure is below the bubble point. This indicates that acquiring a new survey after 10 years of production is appropriate for a time-lapse seismic application. 相似文献